Biomarkers of Rehabilitation Therapy Vary according to Stroke Severity by Erin Burke Quinlan, Lucy Dodakian, Jill See, Alison McKenzie, Jill Campbell Stewart, Steven C. Cramer

“…However, when also considering the interaction with baseline motor status, treatment-induced motor gains were significantly related to change in three functional connectivity measures: ipsilesional motor cortex connectivity with (1) contralesional motor cortex (p=0.003), (2) contralesional dorsal premotor cortex (p=0.005), and (3) ipsilesional dorsal premotor cortex (p=0.004). …”
Get full text

Progress of the Target Selection and Localization of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Improve Upper Limb Function after Stroke by LIU Canhuan, SHEN Ying, DAI Wenjun, GUO Chuan, CHENG Yihui, ZHU Yi, WANG Tong

“…In this paper, we review the protocols, efficacy, mechanism of action, and localization of stimulation targets of rTMS in the primary motor cortex (MI), premotor cortex (PMC), and other brain regions, aiming to provide guidance for the clinical application of rTMS in the rehabilitation of upper limb motor function after stroke.…”
Get full text

Distinct cortico-striatal compartments drive competition between adaptive and automatized behavior. by William H Barnett, Alexey Kuznetsov, Christopher C Lapish

“…These striatal subregions each operate on unique cortical input: the DMS receives input from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) which represents outcomes, and the DLS receives input from the premotor cortex which determines action selection. Following an initial learning of a two-alternative forced choice task, we subjected the model to reversal learning, reward devaluation, and learning a punished outcome. …”
Get full text

Sex-Specific Brain Activations during Single-Leg Exercise by Kyoungyoun Park-Braswell, Dustin Grooms, Sandra Shultz, Louisa Raisbeck, Christopher Rhea, Randy Schmitz

“… # Results There was significantly greater activation in the visual cortices and premotor cortex in females compared to males during the studied movement. …”
Get full text

Neuroplasticity of Acupuncture for Stroke: An Evidence-Based Review of MRI by Jinhuan Zhang, Chunjian Lu, Xiaoxiong Wu, Dehui Nie, Haibo Yu

“…We found that acupuncture reorganizes not only motor-related network, including primary motor cortex (M1), premotor cortex, supplementary motor area (SMA), frontoparietal network (LFPN and RFPN), and sensorimotor network (SMN), as well as default mode network (aDMN and pDMN), but also language-related brain areas including inferior frontal gyrus frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, as well as cognition-related brain regions. …”
Get full text

Effect of Functional Electrical Stimulation on Improving Upper Extremity Motor Function in Stroke Patients Revealed by fMRI:a Controlled Study by Fangfang ZHENG, Huihua LIU, Tiebin YAN, Xiaokun JIN, Xiaohui DUAN, Jun SHEN

“…Laterality indexes (LIs) were also calculated and the relationship of LIs and upper extremity function recovery was investigated.Results:Besides contralateral premotor cortex (PMC), inferior parietal lobule (IPL), cingulate motor area (CMA) and cerebellum (CRB), contralateral SMC was mainly activated by FES in control group. …”
Get full text

Local and Distributed fMRI Changes Induced by 40 Hz Gamma tACS of the Bilateral Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex: A Pilot Study by Lucia Mencarelli, Lucia Monti, Sara Romanella, Francesco Neri, Giacomo Koch, Ricardo Salvador, Giulio Ruffini, Giulia Sprugnoli, Simone Rossi, Emiliano Santarnecchi

“…Results suggest an increase in blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) activity in the targeted bilateral DLPFCs, as well as in surrounding brain areas affected by stimulation according to biophysical modeling, i.e., the premotor cortex and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, off-target effects were also observed, primarily involving the visual cortices, with further effects on the supplementary motor areas (SMA), left subgenual cingulate, and right superior temporal gyrus. …”
Get full text

Prior Knowledge of Target Direction and Intended Movement Selection Improves Indirect Reaching Movement Decoding by Hongbao Li, Yaoyao Hao, Shaomin Zhang, Yiwen Wang, Weidong Chen, Xiaoxiang Zheng

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that target direction information presented by the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) during movement planning could be incorporated into neural decoder for achieving better decoding performance. …”
Get full text

Differential Relationship between Microstructural Integrity in White Matter Tracts and Motor Recovery following Stroke Based on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Genotype by Eunhee Park, Jungsoo Lee, Won Hyuk Chang, Ahee Lee, Friedhelm C. Hummel, Yun-Hee Kim

“…We investigated the values of fractional anisotropy (FA) in the corticospinal tract (CST), the intrahemispheric connection from the primary motor cortex to the ventral premotor cortex (M1PMv), and the interhemispheric connection via the corpus callosum (CC) in patients with the BDNF genotype from the acute to the subacute phase after stroke. …”
Get full text

The Plasticity of Brain Gray Matter and White Matter following Lower Limb Amputation by Guangyao Jiang, Xuntao Yin, Chuanming Li, Lei Li, Lu Zhao, Alan C. Evans, Tianzi Jiang, Jixiang Wu, Jian Wang

“…In amputees, a thinning trend was seen in the left premotor cortex (PMC). Smaller clusters were also noted in the visual-to-motor regions. …”
Get full text

Benefits of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for Spastic Subjects: Clinical, Functional, and Biomechanical Parameters for Lower Limb and Walking in Five Hemipa... by Luc Terreaux, Raphael Gross, Fabien Leboeuf, Hubert Desal, Olivier Hamel, Jean Paul Nguyen, Chantal Pérot, Kévin Buffenoir

“…We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind crossover study on five spastic hemiparetic patients to determine whether this type of stimulation of the premotor cortex can provide a clinical benefit. Material and Methods. …”
Get full text

The Brain Activation of Two Motor Imagery Strategies in a Mental Rotation Task by Cancan Wang, Yuxuan Yang, Kewei Sun, Yifei Wang, Xiuchao Wang, Xufeng Liu

“…The areas significantly activated in the kinesthetic imagery group were wider than those in the visual imagery group, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA9, 46), premotor cortex (BA6), supplementary motor area (SMA), primary motor cortex (BA4), and parietal cortex (BA7, 40). …”
Get full text

The Modulation of Reward and Habit Systems by Acupuncture in Adolescents with Internet Addiction by Yang Wang, Yun Qin, Hui Li, Dezhong Yao, Bo Sun, Zhiliang Li, Xin Li, Yu Dai, Chao Wen, Lingrui Zhang, Chenchen Zhang, Tianmin Zhu, Cheng Luo

“…Compared with HCs, IA subjects exhibited enhanced rsFC of the right ventral rostral putamen (VRP) with the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), premotor cortex (PMC), cerebellum, and right ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). …”
Get full text