Diversity in Adaptive Evolution of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates Under Exposure to Continuous Linezolid Stress in vitro by Han T, Jia T, Wang J

“…MRSA isolates with different minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for linezolid were randomly selected to perform the assay of adaptive laboratory evolution with sub-inhibitory concentrations of linezolid. Polymerase chain reaction assays and sequencing techniques were performed to detect well-known molecular determinants related to linezolid resistance, including the expression of optrA and cfr, mutations of 23S rRNA gene and ribosomal protein (L3, L4, L22) encoding genes (rplC, rplD, rplV).Results: After induction with sequentially increasing concentrations of linezolid, all four MRSA strains (L914, L860, L1096, and L2875) evolved into linezolid-resistant strains over various induction times (480, 384, 288, and 240 h) and universally formed small colony variants. …”
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Adjunctive diagnostic tool for histopathological classification of congenital mesoblastic nephroma based in molecular genetic findings by Hiroshi Hamada, Kenichi Kohashi, Takeshi Iwasaki, Mikiko Hashisako, Yuko Hino, Masahiro Fukuhara, Amane Kamouchi, Naonori Kawakubo, Tatsuro Tajiri, Yoshinao Oda

“…Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed for the NTRK gene fusion and EGFR-ITDs in all cases. …”
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Lipid Coating Modulates Effects of Nanoceria on Oxidative Metabolism in Human Embryonic Lung Fibroblasts: A Case of Cardiolipin by Elena V. Proskurnina, Madina M. Sozarukova, Elizaveta S. Ershova, Ekaterina A. Savinova, Larisa V. Kameneva, Natalia N. Veiko, Maria A. Teplonogova, Vladimir P. Saprykin, Vladimir K. Ivanov, Svetlana V. Kostyuk

“…We used an MTT assay, fluorescence microscopy, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry. At a concentration of 1.5 μM, bare and cardiolipin-coated nanoceria penetrated into cells within 1–3 h. …”
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Sleep-Aiding Effect of Casein-Derived Peptide TPTLN and Its Underlying Mechanism by DENG Shijie, LIU Ling, HUANG Ju, FENG Fengqin, ZHAO Minjie, DU Juan

“…Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), glutamate (Glu), β-endorphin (β-EP), cortisol, norepinephrine (NE) in the serum and brain tissue, and the GABA/Glu ratio was evaluated. real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect the effect of TPTLN on the mRNA relative expression levels of γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor α1 (GABAA-α1) and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A (5-HT1A) in the hypothalamus. …”
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Maternal and neonatal outcomes of Group B Streptococcus colonization: a retrospective study by Guixiu Jin, Lanhua Liu, Xiaolong Wang, Junling Fei, Zhenling Zhu, Ziyan Jiang, Min Liu

“…Pregnant women between 35 and 37 weeks of gestation had GBS screening using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The clinical characteristics and outcomes of mothers and newborns were collected. …”
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Visible and rapid detection of feline chaphamaparvovirus using multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification and lateral flow dipstick assay by Jun Ji, Xinhao Mu, Shunshun Pan, Xin Xu, Shiyuan Zhang, Honghui Huang, Ying Li, Yingzuo Bi, Lunguang Yao

“…The newly established MIRA-LFD assay had a detection limit of 32.3 copies/μL, which was 10-fold lower than that of the nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Furthermore, the MIRA-LFD assay detected 29 FeChPV-positive samples among 417 cats with diarrhea, providing a slightly higher positivity rate than the nested PCR assay. …”
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Decreased Spp1 Expression in Acute Myocardial Infarction after Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury by Ling Li, Jungang Huang, Zongkai Zhao, Zhuzhi Wen, Kang Li, Tianjiao Ma, Lisui Zhang, Junmeng Zheng, Shi Liang

“…In the end, we used quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting to measure and compare the expression of Spp1 in patients who accepted percutaneous coronary intervention. …”
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Antimicrobial resistance in clinical <I>Escherichia coli</I> isolates obtained from animals by M. N. Isakova, O. V. Sokolova, N. A. Bezborodova, A. S. Krivonogova, A. G. Isaeva, V. D. Zubareva

“…Disk diffusion method was used to study antimicrobial resistance of the cultures; minimum inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobials were determined in a serial dilution method; resistance genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. The carried out research demonstrates a wide distribution of the isolates belonging to the phenotype resistant to ansamycins (rifampicin), semi-synthetic penicillins (ampicillin and amoxicillin), tetracyclines (doxycycline). …”
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Genetic diversity and antifungal susceptibilities of environmental Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complexes by Mohamed Taha, Yasmine H. Tartor, Rana M Abd Elaziz, Ibrahim Elsohaby

“…These isolates were genotyped using M13 polymerase chain reaction-fingerprinting and URA5 gene restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. …”
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Unraveling the genetic mysteries of spinal muscular atrophy in Chinese families by Shanshan Gao, Duo Chen, Qianqian Li, Xuechao Zhao, Chen Chen, Lina Liu, Miao Jiang, Zhenhua Zhao, Yanhua Wang, Xiangdong Kong

“…Various molecular techniques, including multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis, long-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with nested PCR, Sanger sequencing, and whole-exome sequencing were employed to establish a thorough genetic variant profile in 680 Chinese pedigrees with clinically suspected SMA. …”
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Lack of Association of the Polymorphisms IL-17A (−197G/A) and IL-17F (+7488A/G) with Multibacillary Leprosy in Mexican Patients by Mónica Escamilla-Tilch, Iris Estrada-García, Julio Granados, Roberto Arenas-Guzmán, Rosalio Ramos-Payan, Thalía Gabriela Pérez-Suárez, Ma. Isabel Salazar, Riky Luis Pérez-Lucas, Sergio Estrada-Parra, Nora Magdalena Torres-Carrillo

“…Both SNPs were genotyped with the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. …”
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Association of three single nucleotide polymorphisms in the <i>LPIN1</i> gene with milk production traits in cows of the Yaroslavl breed by A. V. Igoshin, T. M. Mishakova, R. B. Aitnazarov, A. V. Ilina, D. M. Larkin, N. S. Yudin

“…Genotyping of SNPs was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. …”
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COVID-19 Pandemic Experiences in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: An Iranian Referral Hospital-Based Study by Masoud Mohammadpour, Seyed Abbas Hassani, Meisam Sharifzadeh, Leila Tahernia, Setareh Mamishi, Bahareh Yaghmaie, Zeinab Najafi, Farzaneh Beirami, Mehrnoush Afsharipour, Maryam Minuyeefar, Mina Dolatzadeh, Neda Pak, Anahita Majmaa, Zahra Zamani, Shima Mahmoudi

“…In total, 99 patients were admitted to COVID PICU, 42.4% (42 patients) were males, and 66 patients had positive SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of clinical signs and symptoms (except for fever) among patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and negative ones. …”
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Comparison of Maternal, Perinatal, and Neonatal Outcomes of Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Pregnant Women with Coronavirus Disease-2019 by Tayfun VURAL, Burak BAYRAKTAR, Suna YILDIRIM KARACA, Ozan ODABAS, Nisel YILMAZ, Pınar SAMLIOGLU, Mehmet OZEREN

“…COVID-19 was diagnosed using the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction on the oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs. …”
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Evaluation of Inflammatory, Cardiac and Hematological Parameters in Hospitalized Children with COVID-19 by Damla Geçkalan, Rahmi Özdemir, Zülal Yılmaz, Onur Sivas, Yasin Yılmaz, Cemile Hilal Çelik

“…All patients’ age, gender, number of hospitalization days, respiratory symptoms, laboratory parameters, thoracic computed tomography, polymerase chain reaction results were recorded. Patients were analyzed for pneumonia presence and absence. …”
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Evidence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, multidrug-resistant S. aureus, and Enterococcus faecium-causing mastitis in Thailand and Cambodia by Sambo Na, Montira Intanon, Anyaphat Srithanasuwan, Wasana Chaisri, Witaya Suriyasathaporn

“…Disk diffusion tests were conducted for antibiotic susceptibility, and polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect AMR genes. …”
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Prognostic Impact of miR-224 and RAS Mutations in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma by Elisabetta Cavedon, Susi Barollo, Loris Bertazza, Gianmaria Pennelli, Francesca Galuppini, Sara Watutantrige-Fernando, Simona Censi, Maurizio Iacobone, Clara Benna, Federica Vianello, Stefania Zovato, Davide Nacamulli, Caterina Mian

“…Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify mature hsa-miR-224 in tumor tissue. …”
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Comparative evaluation of various DNA extraction methods and analysis of DNA degradation levels in commercially marketed Chestnut rose juices and beverages by Yongchao Ren, Yunlong Ma, Yanqi Li, Yun Song, WeiWei Zhao, Xuncai Huang, Danmin Yu, Jian Li, Zuogang Xu, Wenjun Zhao

“…Methods The quantity and quality of the extracted DNA were assessed using NanoDrop One spectrophotometer, gel electrophoresis, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR or qPCR) assays. An assessment was conducted on the processing time, labor intensity, and cost associated with each approach. …”
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Visfatin Induces Inflammation and Insulin Resistance via the NF-κB and STAT3 Signaling Pathways in Hepatocytes by Yu Jung Heo, Sung-E Choi, Ja Young Jeon, Seung Jin Han, Dae Jung Kim, Yup Kang, Kwan Woo Lee, Hae Jin Kim

“…After treatment with visfatin, the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemical staining in HepG2 cells. …”
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Occurrence of macrolides resistance in Legionella pneumophila ST188: Results of the Belgian epidemiology and resistome investigation of clinical isolates by Charlotte Michel, Fedoua Echahidi, Geraldine De Muylder, Max Sewell, Ian Boostrom, Olivier Denis, Owen B. Spiller, Denis Pierard

“…Urinary antigen testing remains the main used test, but polymerase chain reaction and serology allow the diagnostic in 14.8% and 2.4% of cases, respectively. cgMLST showed a good discrimination between sequence typing (ST) and minimal variation for ST47 isolates, whereas ST1s were more diverse. …”
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