Decoding MexB efflux pump genes: structural, molecular, and phylogenetic analysis of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Muhammad Bilal Habib, Naseer Ali Shah, Afreenish Amir, Huda Ahmed Alghamdi, Muhammad Haseeb Tariq, Kiran Nisa, Mariam Ammoun

“…The methods used in this study were antibiotic susceptibility profiling, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sanger sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, MolProbity score, Ramachandran plot analysis and multiple sequence alignment.ResultsThe highest resistance was shown by P. aeruginosa against cefoperazone (67%), gentamycin and amikacin (66%) each, followed by cefotaxime (64%). …”
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Ex Vivo Expansion of Murine MSC Impairs Transcription Factor-Induced Differentiation into Pancreatic β-Cells by Dario Gerace, Rosetta Martiniello-Wilks, Rosaline Habib, Binhai Ren, Najah Therese Nassif, Bronwyn Anne O’Brien, Ann Margaret Simpson

“…This was followed by the characterization of pancreatic transdifferentiation via reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and static and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). …”
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Whole-Genome Expression Analysis and Signal Pathway Screening of Synovium-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis by Jingyi Hou, Yi Ouyang, Haiquan Deng, Zhong Chen, Bin Song, Zhongyu Xie, Peng Wang, Jinteng Li, Weiping Li, Rui Yang

“…Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied to verify the expression variations of the partial genes mentioned above, and a western blot analysis was used to determine the expression levels of p53, p-JNK, p-ERK, and p-p38. …”
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Metformin Ameliorates Ulcerative Colitis Through Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Cao R, Jing J, Ma Y, Qi W, Huang X, Zhang C, Lu Z, He J, Wang G, Ma Y, Zhang H

“…Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Reverse transcription - quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were used to detect NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vivo. …”
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Over-Expression of MicroRNA-210 and MicroRNA-185-5p in Normotensive Late-Fetal Growth Restriction: Preliminary Cohort Study by Esra Altan Erbilen, Gulizar Fusun Varol, Necdet Sut, Nebiye Pelin Turker, Niyazi Cenk Sayin

“…We determined these two miRNAs using Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) and statistically analyzed them with clinical data to determine robustness. …”
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Characterisation of EfbA from the Endodontic Pathogen Enterococcus faecalis and Prediction of Immunodominant EfbA Epitope Peptides: An In-vitro and In-silico Study by Dev Arora, AS Smiline Girija, J Vijayashree Priyadharsini

“…Total of 20 carious scrapings were collected from patients with root caries and were phenotypically characterised for E. faecalis and the EfbA genetic determinant by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification. The EfbA protein was retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, after which prediction of antigenicity and allergenicity was performed via the VaXiJen and Algpred servers, respectively. …”
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Low-Concentration Oxygen/Ozone Treatment Attenuated Radiculitis and Mechanical Allodynia via PDE2A-cAMP/cGMP-NF-κB/p65 Signaling in Chronic Radiculitis Rats by Junnan Wang, Mingyi Wu, Xiaowen Lin, Yun Li, Zhijian Fu

“…The expression of the tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A), and nuclear factor- (NF-) κB/p65 in spinal dorsal horns was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, polymerase chain reaction, and western blot on day 7 after surgery. …”
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Isolation and Characterization of Coronavirus and Rotavirus Associated with Calves in Central Part of Oromia, Ethiopia by Umer Seid, Fufa Dawo, Asamino Tesfaye, Munera Ahmednur

“…At the molecular stage, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique was used to determine the presence of coronavirus and rotavirus nucleic acid by using specific primers. …”
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The relationship between gallstone disease and the genetic variants of the sterol transporter adenosine triphosphate–binding cassette G8 and G5 in Egyptians by Menna A. Hassan, Salwa M. Abo El-Khair, Noha M. Mesbah, Dina M. Abo-Elmatty, Asmaa R. Abdel-Hamed

“…Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed using allelic discrimination pre-designed TaqMan polymerase chain reaction method. Various laboratory investigations were measured using enzymatic colorimetric methods, and hematology analyzer was used for the whole blood count test. …”
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Detection of Vibrio harveyi using hemolysin primer in tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon by Irma Suriyani, Ince Ayu Khairana Kadriah, ilmiah Kuruseng

“…Keberadaan gen hemolisin pada bakteri V. harveyi dideteksi menggunakan teknik polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Hasil elektroforesis memperlihatkan bahwa pada pemaparan tiga dan enam jam keberadaan gen hemolisin dari bakteri Vibrio patogen yang diinfeksikan sudah dapat terdeteksi pada benur walaupun masih terlihat tipis. …”
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Single nucleotide polymorphism rs110861313 in the intergenic region of chromosome 23 is associated with the development of leukosis in the Russian Black Pied cattle by R. B. Aitnazarov, E. V. Ignatieva, T. A. Agarkova, N. G. Dvoeglazov, N. A. Osipova, V. V. Khramtsov, N. S. Yudin

“…Genotyping of rs110861313 was carried out using polymerase chain reaction followed by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms. …”
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The Effect of Laminin-1-Doped Nanoroughened Implant Surfaces: Gene Expression and Morphological Evaluation by Humberto Osvaldo Schwartz-Filho, Kostas Bougas, Paulo G. Coelho, Ying Xue, Mariko Hayashi, Rafael Silveira Faeda, Rosemary Adriana Chiérici Marcantonio, Daisuke Ono, Fumio Kobayashi, Kamal Mustafa, Ann Wennerberg, Ryo Jimbo

“…After 2 weeks of healing, the implants were removed and subjected to morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gene expression analysis using the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results. SEM revealed bony tissue attachment for both control and test implants. …”
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The Escalating Magnitude of COVID-19 Infections among the Northeastern Ethiopia Region: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study by Zeleke Geto, Saba Gebremichael, Melaku Ashagrie Belete, Alemu Gedefie, Genet Molla, Melkam Tesfaye, Wondmagegn Demsiss, Daniel Gebretsadik

“…After extraction of viral nucleic acid from oropharyngeal specimen, the real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) kit was used for detecting novel coronavirus. …”
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Upregulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Induced Protein 8-Like 2 mRNA Is Negatively Correlated with Serum Concentrations of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin 6 in Type 2 Diab... by Yongliang Liu, Xinmei Wang, Yan Zhao, Peiqing Zhao, Lianqing Wang, Qiaoli Zhai, Xiaowei Zhang, Wenxiu Tian, Xinxin Xiang, Tao Li

“…TIPE2 expression was measured by Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from T2DM patients and healthy controls, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and other related biometabolic parameters were detected using a nephelometer or by ELISA. …”
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<i>Clostridium difficile</i>-associated disease by V. T. Ivashkin, O. S. Shifrin, A. S. Tertycnhy, Ye. A. Poluektova, T. L. Lapina, O. S. Lyashenko, K. V. Ivashkin

“…Nowadays there are several laboratory diagnostic tests for Clostridial infection: testing for C. difficile glutamate dehydrogenase, enzyme-linked immunoassay, polymerase chain reaction for toxigenic strain of C. difficile. …”
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The Polymorphism of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Gene in Culex Mosquitoes in Banyuwangi District, Indonesia by Yasmin Azzahra Arifin, Hanifah Dzakiyah, Catherine Canina Charunita, Sakura Alya Ashari, Winna Putri Veliarta, Muhammad Akbar Panjinegara, Francesca Giovanetti, Carlo Montagna, Wojciech Jankowski, Muhammad Fathoni, Binarri Augustya, Lynda Rossyanti, Suhintam Pusarawati, Sukmawati Basuki

“…The polymorphism of VGSC gene mutations of L1014F/S were determined by Allele Specific-Polymerase Chain Reaction (AS-PCR). A total of 62 Culex mosquitoes were analyzed. …”
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New onset of isolated adrenocorticotropin deficiency associated with encephalopathy following coronavirus disease 2019 in a healthy elderly man by Yusuke Yamasaki, Ichiro Horie, Riyoko Shigeno, Shinpei Nishikido, Toshiyuki Ikeoka, Takuro Hirayama, Yohei Tateishi, Akira Tsujino, Atsushi Kawakami

“…Brain imaging and laboratory examinations including SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction testing in the cerebrospinal fluid revealed no abnormalities. …”
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ERK1/2 Inhibition Alleviates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Suppressing Fatty Acid Metabolism by Erin McLean, Caroline De Roo, Annabel Maag, Megan Coble, Jefferson Cano, Ruijie Liu

“…Mouse heart total RNAs were purified for reverse transcription. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression was performed for hypertrophy (ANF, BNP, and βMHC), fibrosis (Col3α1), and fatty acid metabolism genes (PPARα, CPT1A, and FACS). …”
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Mechanism of Action of Decitabine in the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Regulating LINC00599 by Fan Du, Ting Jin, Li Wang

“…Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to examine the expression of lncRNA LINC00599. …”
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Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Encapsulated with Pluronic F-127 Enhance the Regeneration and Angiogenesis of Thin Endometrium in Rat via Local IL-1β Stimulation by Shuling Zhou, Yu Lei, Ping Wang, Jianying Chen, Liting Zeng, Ting Qu, Martin Maldonado, Jihua Huang, Tingting Han, Zina Wen, Erpo Tian, Xiangqian Meng, Ying Zhong, Jiang Gu

“…Angiogenesis capacity of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)-primed hUC-MSCs was monitored via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR), Luminex assay, and tube formation assay. …”
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