Is International Travel an Emerging Issue on Transmission of Beijing Lineage Mycobacterium tuberculosis? by Pavithra S. Madamarandawala, Srinath Satyanarayana, Collins Timire, Aashifa Yaqoob, Dushantha Madegedara, Dhammika N. Magana-Arachchi

“…Fresh sputum samples were collected for culturing and conducted polymerase chain reaction using BL-specific primers. Among the 101 patients recruited, presence of BL strains could be ascertained in 94 patients of which 24 (26%; 95% CI: 18%–35%) had BL strains. …”
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Association of eNOS Gene Polymorphisms G894T and T-786C with Risk of Hepatorenal Syndrome by Yuksel Seckin, Ali Yigit, Elif Yesilada, Gonca Gulbay, Yasir Furkan Cagin, Harika Gozukara, Yılmaz Bılgıc, Oguzhan Yildirim, Yusuf Turkoz, Zeynep Aksungur

“…Polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and melting curve analysis. …”
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Senescence-related circRNA circHIF-1α is associated with pancreatic cancer progression by Hao Hua, Yazu Deng, Dijie Zheng, Changhao Wu, Liwen Chen, Binbin Shi, Zhiwei He, Chao Yu

“…Meanwhile, significantly upregulated expression of circHIF-1α in pancreatic cancer tissue detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH). …”
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Molecular Detection and Multidrug Resistance of Shigella spp. Isolated from Wild Waterfowl and Migratory Birds in Bangladesh by Jarna Karmoker, Md. Saiful Islam, Md. Liton Rana, Md. Ashek Ullah, Fahim Haque Neloy, Nahian Muniath Oishy, Pritom Kumar Pramanik, Mahbubul Pratik Siddique, Sukumar Saha, Md. Tanvir Rahman

“…Shigella spp. were isolated and identified by culturing, staining, and biochemical tests followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A disk diffusion assay was employed to investigate antibiotic phenotypes, while the resistance genes were detected by PCR. …”
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Identification of urothelial cancer-associated 1 (UCA1) as a diagnostic biomarker of pre-eclampsia via regulating microRNA-16 and its downstream signaling pathway by Ye-Hong Xv, Wei Gao, Liao-Jv Wang

“…Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay, computational analysis, and luciferase assay were conducted to measure the differential expression of UCA1, miR-16, and PAPP A while establishing a signaling pathway of UCA1/miR-16/PAPP-A. …”
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E46K α-Synuclein Mutation Fails to Promote Neurite Outgrowth by Not Inducing Cdc42EP2 Expression, Unlike Wild-Type or A53T α-Synuclein in SK-N-SH Cells by Hyunja Jung, Seonghan Kim

“…We also analyzed the differential regulation of cell division control 42 effector protein 2 (Cdc42EP2) using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Finally, to confirm the implication of neurite outgrowth, we knocked down Cdc42EP2 using small interfering RNA. …”
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Two Cases of Ectopic Hamartomatous Thymoma Masquerading as Sarcoma by Takahito Kondo, Yukiko Sato, Hiroko Tanaka, Toru Sasaki, Kazuyoshi Kawabata, Hiroki Mitani, Hiroyuki Yonekawa, Hirofumi Fukushima, Wataru Shimbashi

“…In these cases, fusion gene detection via polymerase chain reaction or fluorescence in situ hybridization was useful for differentiating EHT from synovial sarcoma. …”
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Investigating the Expression of c-Myc and BIRC5 in TRAIL and PBOX-15 treated Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells by Corinne Kai Leng Chew, Hannah O'Toole, Daniela M Zisterer, Seema M. Nathwani, Jade K. Pollock

“…Methods RNA was extracted from treated LNCaP cells. cDNA was synthesized, and gene specific primers were subsequently used for amplification in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Gene expression was determined using gel electrophoresis and visualised using G:BOX. …”
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Comparison of Perinatal, Newborn, and Audiometry Results of COVID-19 Pregnant Women by Mehmet Yilmaz, Şerif Aksin, Deniz Balsak, Fazil Avci, Osman Özdoğru, Bekir Helvacıoğlu, Mahmut Erdemoğlu, Yasemin Aboalhasan, Gülsüm Doğan

“…This retrospective, single-center cohort study was conducted with 65 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive pregnant women and newborns and 66 normal pregnant women and newborns who were admitted between January 2020–December 2021. …”
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Clinical Recommendations of the Russian Gastroenterological Association on Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Esophagitis by V. T. Ivashkin, N. D. Yuschuk, I. V. Maev, A. S. Trukhmanov, O. A. Storonova, A. A. Makushina, S. S. Pirogov, O. V. Zayratyants, O. P. Alekseeva, D. N. Andreyev, T. L. Lapina, A. V. Tkachev, Yu. P. Uspenskiy, A. A. Sheptulin

“…Selected incidents of infectious esophagitis require a histological, immunohistochemical examination or polymerase chain reaction-based diagnosis to verify the infectious agent. …”
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Occurrence and Determination of Antimicrobial Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates in Fish and Vegetables as Indicator Organism of Faecal Contamination in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania by Francis Mwanza, Erick Vitus Gabriel Komba, Dominic Mukama Kambarage

“…Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) typing method was used to generate fingerprints and determine the genetic relatedness of the E. coli isolates. …”
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Environmental Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Two Restaurants from a Mid-scale City that Followed U.S. CDC Reopening Guidance by Hongwan Li, Sripriya Nannu Shankar, Chiran T. Witanachchi, John A. Lednicky, Julia C. Loeb, Md. Mahbubul Alam, Z. Hugh Fan, Karim Mohamed, Jessica A. Boyette, Arantzazu Eiguren-Fernandez, Chang-Yu Wu

“…The samples were analyzed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA. …”
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Notch Signaling Pathway Is Involved in bFGF-Induced Corneal Lymphangiogenesis and Hemangiogenesis by Fang Xie, Xue Zhang, Wenting Luo, Hongyan Ge, Dawei Sun, Ping Liu

“…Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4), and Notch1 mRNA and protein expression were examined on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Corneal cells were treated with ranibizumab, dexamethasone, and γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI). …”
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Identification and Phylogenetic Tree Determination of Spodoptera frugiperda from Java Based on mtDNA COI Sequence Analysis by Ani Widarti, Enie Tauruslina, Idah Faridah, Willing Bagariang, Hadi Suyanto, Didah Mahmudah, Rista Susanti, Rosalia Maryana, Carwika Carwika

“…Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies ulat grayak S. frugiperda yang berasal dari Pulau Jawa, Indonesia secara molekuler dengan teknik polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Primer universal dari gen mitokondria sub unit Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) LCO 1490 (5’-GGT CAA CAA ATC ATA AAG ATA TTG G -3’) dan HCO 2198 (5’-TAA ACT TCA GGG TGA CCA AAA AAT CA-3’) dengan target 650 bp digunakan untuk menetukan identitas 6 (enam) ulat grayak jagung yang berasal dari Provinsi Jawa Barat Kabupaten Cirebon (JWB1)  dan Garut (JWB2), Provinsi Jawa Tengah Kabupaten Wonogiri (JWTH), Provinsi Jawa Timur Kabupaten Gresik (JWTR), Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Kabupaten Bantul (DIY), dan Provinsi Banten Kabupaten Serang (BNT). …”
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Occult Hepatitis B Infection among Hemodialysis Patients in Tabriz, Northwest of Iran: Prevalence and Mutations within the S Region by Narges Eslami, Vahdat Poortahmasebi, Javid Sadeghi, Reza Ghotaslou, Bahram Niknafs, Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi, Mahin Ahangar Oskouee

“…Specific primers by nested polymerase chain reaction have been utilized to examine HBV DNA; also, direct sequencing of surface genes was carried out to characterize the viral genotypes and S gene mutations. …”
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HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF LYMPHOID MASSES OF THE STOMACH AND SMALL INTESTINE IN THE CLINICAL AND PATHOGENETIC PROFILE OF BABESIOSIS by I. I. Torianyk

“…Verification was carried out by cytological, ultramicroscopic, molecular genetic methods (polymerase chain reaction) and in a biological experiment on animals. …”
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Efficiency to Discovery Transgenic Loci in GM Rice Using Next Generation Sequencing Whole Genome Re-sequencing by Doori Park, Dongin Kim, Green Jang, Jongsung Lim, Yun-Ji Shin, Jina Kim, Mi-Seong Seo, Su-Hyun Park, Ju-Kon Kim, Tae-Ho Kwon, Ik-Young Choi

“…The compatible pairs of reads were successfully mapped to 10 loci on the rice chromosome and vector sequences were validated to the insertion location by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. The EGF transgenic site was confirmed only on chromosome 4 by PCR. …”
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Effect of fructooligosaccharides on the colonization of Lactobacillus rhamnosus AS 1.2466T in the gut of mice by Zhihua Niu, Meijuan Zou, Tingting Bei, Na Zhang, Dongyao Li, Miaoshu Wang, Chen Li, Hongtao Tian

“…The study results indicated that the specific bands of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) in the L. rhamnosus (LR) group significantly increased at 7 days. …”
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Association Analysis of NALCN Polymorphisms rs1338041 and rs61973742 in a Chinese Population with Isolated Cervical Dystonia by Qingqing Zhou, Jing Yang, Bei Cao, Yongping Chen, Qianqian Wei, Ruwei Ou, Wei Song, Bi Zhao, Ying Wu, Huifang Shang

“…In a cohort of 201 patients with isolated CD, we genotyped the two SNPs rs1338041 and rs61973742 using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). …”
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Ameliorative Effect of Hovenia dulcis Fruit Pedicel Polysaccharides on Alcohol-Induced Intestinal Injury in Mice Investigated Using 16S rRNA Sequencing and Metabolomics by ZHANG Yuchao, ZHU Sijie, LIU Liangyu, WANG Jianyun, ZHANG Jiaxin, SU Zexiong, CHEN Jiangyan, LIU Xudong

“…Additionally, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and Western blot were employed to detect the changes in the expression of intestinal inflammatory factors, tight junction proteins, bile acid metabolism-related genes and proteins. …”
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