3p14 De Novo Interstitial Microdeletion in a Patient with Intellectual Disability and Autistic Features with Language Impairment: A Comparison with Similar Cases by Ana Belén de la Hoz, Hiart Maortua, Ainhoa García-Rives, María Jesús Martínez-González, Maitane Ezquerra, María-Isabel Tejada

“…An 8 Mb de novo interstitial deletion at 3p14.2-p14.1, from position 60.461.316 to 68.515.453, was revealed by means of array comparative genomic hybridization and confirmed using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. This region includes six genes: FEZF2, CADPS, SYNPR, ATXN7, PRICKLE, and MAGI1, that are known to have a role in neurodevelopment. …”
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Role of ixodid ticks in tick-borne pathogen spread and circulation in the Belarusian Lakeland by A. A. Osmolovsky, I. A. Subotsina

“….), Babesia spp. and Tick-borne encephalitis virus genetic materials with real-time polymerase chain reaction using the reagent kit for nucleic acid extraction from environmental samples in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruc­tions. …”
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Early Magnetic Resonance Detection of Natalizumab-Related Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Patient with Multiple Sclerosis by Guglielmo Manenti, Simone Altobelli, Marco Nezzo, Marco Antonicoli, Erald Vasili, Luca Neroni, Roberto Floris, Giovanni Simonetti

“…Diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is usually based on the clinical presentation, on the demonstration of the brain lesions at the magnetic resonance imaging examination, and on the detection of the JC virus DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid with high sensitive polymerase chain reaction. The role of magnetic resonance imaging specifically in natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is strengthening, and it is gaining importance not only as an irreplaceable diagnostic tool but also as a surveillance and risk stratifying tool in treated patients. …”
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In Vitro Uptake of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles and Their Effect on Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Xing Yang, Yuanyuan Li, Xujie Liu, Ranran Zhang, Qingling Feng

“…The osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was evaluated through alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity measurement, ALP staining, immunofluorescent staining for osteopontin (OPN), and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) examination. As expected, HA NPs of all sizes could promote the differentiation of hMSCs towards osteoblast lineage. …”
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Occurrence of Virulence Genes and Antimicrobial Resistance of E. coli O157:H7 Isolated from the Beef Carcass of Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia by Habtamu Yalew Ayenew, Birhan Agmas Mitiku, Tesfaye Sisay Tesema

“…Swab samples (n = 280) were collected from the carcass of cattle slaughtered at the abattoir and processed using sorbitol MacConkey agar supplemented with cefixime telluride and confirmed with latex agglutination test. A polymerase chain reaction was performed on isolates for the detection of virulence genes stx1, stx2, hlyA, and eae. …”
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SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates in tear secretions of inpatient COVID-positive individuals in an Indian tertiary care setting by Amit Raj, Prateek Nishant, Binod K Pati, Bhawesh C Saha, Prabhakar Singh, Asim Sarfaraz, Sanepalli Sravani, Kopal Shrivastav

“…This study aimed to determine the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in tears as detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), among individuals who tested COVID-positive during the third wave of the COVID pandemic. …”
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IDENTIFICATION OF THE CTX-M GENE IN KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE PRODUCING ESBLS IN UTI PATIENTS AT A PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN PURWOKERTO, BANYUMAS REGENCY, CENTRAL JAVA - CROSS SECTIONAL STUD... by Anang Kurniawan, Joko Setyono, Dwi Utami Anjarawati

“…Using a direct molecular approach called Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) directed against the CTX-M gene, DNA was isolated from isolates cultured in CHROMagarTM ESBLs obtained from catheter urine samples. …”
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The protein tyrosine phosphatase, nonreceptor type 22-1858C->T (rs2476601) polymorphism is not a genetic risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus in Indian Tamils by Panneer Devaraju, Reena Gulati, Durga Prasanna Misra, Vir Singh Negi

“…The PTPN22-1858C->T (rs2476601) polymorphism was screened by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. …”
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Public health implications of multidrugresistant and methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus in retail oysters by Rahma Mohammed, Sara M. Nader, Dalia A. Hamza, Maha A. Sabry

“…Antimicrobial resistance (mecA and mecC) and virulence (tsst-1) genes were screened using polymerase chain reaction. The clustering of virulent MDR-MRSA isolates was performed using R with the pheatmap package. …”
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Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Haemophilus influenzae Isolated from School Children with Acute Otitis Media by Dodi Safari, Daniel Joko Wahyono, Wisnu Tafroji, Anton Budhi Darmawan, Yayah Winarti, Wahyu Dwi Kusdaryanto, Wisiva Tofriska Paramaiswari, Hendro Pramono, Meyta Pratiwi, Muhamad Riza Chamadi

“…Serotyping was performed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined using a microdilution broth assay. …”
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Molecular Characterization of Methicillin Resistant and Extended Spectrum ?-Lactamase Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Burn Patients by Shawnm Ahmed Aziz

“…- lactamases was evaluated in the isolated strains by several routine methods and polymerase chain reaction. Among the isolates 94% were Methicillin resistance and 34.28% were Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase producer. …”
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Cytomegalovirus Infection in Patient with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma by Ikhwan Rinaldi, Abdul Muthalib, Januar Widodo Sutandar, Hendro Adi Kuncoro, Bambang Irawan Harsono, Nelly Susanto, Tjondro Setiawan, Kevin Winston, Idham Rafly Dewantara, Ihya Fakhrurizal Amin, Yuli Maulidiya Shufiyani

“…Cytomegalovirus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results were positive. …”
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Mucormycosis Associated with Global Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic: A Study of Fungal Profile from a Tertiary Health-care Center by Snigdha Purohit, Kavita Mourya, Nazneen Pathan, Sunita Agarwal, Vithika Vyas, Aruna Vyas

“…Conclusion: To improve test sensitivity and enable early diagnosis, other serum biomarkers such as galactomannan, beta-D-glucan, cryptococcal antigenemia, and blood quantitative polymerase chain reaction for Aspergillus or Mucorales should be implemented.…”
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Nanoliposomal Coencapsulation of Dorema aucheri Extract and Curcumin; Enhanced Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis Induction, and Inhibition of EGFR Gene Expression in Oral Cancer Cells OCC-02 by Mahshid Azizi, Ghasem Ghalamfarsa, Fatemeh Khosravani, Hassan Bardania, Shahriar Azizi

“…Moreover, the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in the treated cells was assessed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Based on the results, nanoliposomes had a size of 91 ± 10 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.13. …”
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Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus: Molecular Detection in Southwestern Ethiopia Chickens by Bezina Arega Emeru, Haregawi Tesfaye Desta

“…Total RNA was extracted, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted, and products were visualized under UV light. …”
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Molecular typing of Kell, Kidd, and Duffy antigens in direct antiglobulin test-positive autoimmune hemolytic anemia patients by Atul Sonker, Anju Dubey, Yatendra Mohan

“…MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood samples from 50 normal blood donors and 30 DAT-positive AIHA patients were tested using standard serological techniques and polymerase chain reaction-based methods for Kell (K/k), Kidd (Jka/Jkb), and Duffy (Fya/Fyb) blood group systems. …”
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The prevalence and immune response to coinfection by avian haemosporidians in wild Eurasian blackbirds Turdus merula by Ellie Lebeau, Jenny C. Dunn

“…Coinfection status was diagnosed using a 1-step multiplex polymerase chain reaction, immune response was quantified through white blood cell counts and heterophil: lymphocyte ratios, and parasitaemia was quantified for each infected sample. …”
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Long noncoding RNA-EBIC promotes tumor cell invasion by binding to EZH2 and repressing E-cadherin in cervical cancer. by Ning-xia Sun, Chen Ye, Qian Zhao, Qing Zhang, Chen Xu, Shao-bing Wang, Zhi-jun Jin, Shu-han Sun, Fang Wang, Wen Li

“…The results were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Then, we found a specific differentially expressed lncRNA can physically bind to enhancer of zeste homolog2 (EZH2) by using RNA immunoprecipitation. …”
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Unraveling relationship between the genetic polymorphism CYP2A13 and nicotine metabolism of male smokers in Medan, Indonesia by Noni Novisari Soeroso, Rozaimah Zain-Hamid, Syamsul Bihar, Chaliza Soliha, Fannie Rizki Ananda, Aida

“…CYP2A13 polymorphism was determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) analysis of venous blood samples. …”
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The Microbiota Profile Analysis of Combined Periodontal-Endodontic Lesions Using 16S rRNA Next-Generation Sequencing by Ping Sun, Zhiyong Guo, Daiping Guo, Jian Wang, Tingting Wu, Tingjun Li, Jiannan Liu, Xinhua Liu

“…The quantitative polymerase chain reaction, targeting the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), was adopted for the quantification of bacteria. …”
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