Effect of Herbal and Fluoride Mouth Rinses on Streptococcus mutans and Dental Caries among 12–15-Year-Old School Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial by Vinej Somaraj, Rekha P. Shenoy, Ganesh Shenoy Panchmal, Vijaya Kumar, Praveen S. Jodalli, Laxminarayan Sonde

“…To assess and compare the effect of herbal and fluoride mouth rinses on Streptococcus mutans count and glucan synthesis by Streptococcus mutans and dental caries, a parallel group placebo controlled randomized trial was conducted among 240 schoolchildren (12–15 years old). …”
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Effect of Locally Delivered Melatonin as an Adjunct to Nonsurgical Therapy on GCF Antioxidant Capacity and MMP-9 in Stage II Periodontitis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Clinica... by Enji Ahmed, Olfat G. Shaker, Nermin Yussif, Dalia M. Ghalwash

“…Control sites were treated by nonsurgical therapy followed by intrapocket application of placebo gel. Both the melatonin and placebo gel were applied weekly once for four weeks. …”
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Successful Therapy of Refractory Erythema Nodosum Associated with Crohn's Disease Using Potassium Iodide by John K Marshall, E Jan Irvine

“…While the mechanism of action of this agent is poorly understood, it appears to be an effective and nontoxic therapy for Crohn's-related erythema nodosum and warrants further evaluation in a placebo controlled trial.…”
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The Effect of Postoperative Tranexamic Acid and Dexamethasone on Quality of Recovery After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: a Double-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial by Jiang X, Xu C, Yuan C, Gao W, Liu W, Wang Y, Wang H, Yu W, He Y

“…Secondary outcomes included mean visual analog scale (VAS) scores every four hours within 24 hours, postoperative blood test results the day after surgery, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score at 3 months postoperatively.Results: No significant differences in QoR-15 scores at 24 hours were observed among the groups [control, 127.0 (112.8, 138.0); TXA, 125.0 (116.5, 136.8); TXA+DEX, 132.0 (120.3, 140.8), p = 0.176]. VAS scores at 5– 8 (placebo vs TXA+DEX, p = 0.014; TXA vs TXA+DEX, p = 0.002), 9– 12 (placebo vs TXA+DEX, p = 0.008; TXA vs TXA+DEX, p < 0.001), and 13– 16 (placebo vs TXA+DEX, p = 0.035; TXA vs TXA+DEX, p = 0.013) hours postoperatively showed a significant decrease for the TXA+DEX group compared with the control or TXA group. …”
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Steroids In caRdiac Surgery (SIRS) trial: acute kidney injury substudy protocol of an international randomised controlled trial by Michael Walsh, Salim Yusuf, Chirag Parikh, Jessica Vincent, P J Devereaux, Francois Lamontagne, Matthew T V Chan, Richard Whitlock, Meaghan Cuerden, Amit X Garg, Andre Lamy, Daniel I Sessler, Kevin Teoh, Ainslie Hildebrand, Yunxia Zuo, Pallav Shah, Seyed Hesameddin Abbasi, Mackenzie Quantz, Jean-Pierre Yared, Nicolas Noiseux, Georgios Tagarakis, Antoine Rochon, Janice Pogue, Abbas Salehiomran

“…Introduction Steroids In caRdiac Surgery trial (SIRS) is a large international randomised controlled trial of methylprednisolone or placebo in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with the use of a cardiopulmonary bypass pump. …”
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Fotobiomodulación vascular en el tratamiento de niños con transtornos temporomandibulares by María Roxana Ferreira Sertaje, Lara Motta Jansiski, Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana, Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes, Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari, Ana Paula Taboada Sobral, Natalia Osorio Viarengo, Ana Laura Fossati, Laura Hermida, Andrea Oliver Gomes, Marcela Leticia Leal Gonçalves, Sandra Kalil Bussadori

“…Se concluye que la  FBMV, en relación con el dolor, disminuye tanto en el grupo FBMV como en el grupo placebo en una única  sesión. …”
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Preoperative Ketamine Gargle for Prevention of Postoperative Sore Throat After Tracheal Intubation in Adults: A Meta-Analysis by Saihao Fu, Mengrong Miao, Jing Bian, Yunxiang Fu, Jiaqiang Zhang, Mingyang Sun

“…Conclusion: Our meta-analysis demonstrated the efficacy of prophylactic ketamine gargle in reducing the incidence of POST across all studied time intervals in patients requiring tracheal intubation of general anesthesia compared to placebo.…”
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Benefits of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for Spastic Subjects: Clinical, Functional, and Biomechanical Parameters for Lower Limb and Walking in Five Hemipa... by Luc Terreaux, Raphael Gross, Fabien Leboeuf, Hubert Desal, Olivier Hamel, Jean Paul Nguyen, Chantal Pérot, Kévin Buffenoir

“…No change was observed after placebo and 10 Hz protocols. Clinical parameters were not significantly modified after 1 Hz stimulation, apart from a tendency towards improved recruitment of antagonist muscles on the Fügl-Meyer scale. …”
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Evaluating Meaningful Changes in Patient‐Reported Outcome Measurement Information System–Fatigue Scores from Three Phase 3 Clinical Trials of Sarilumab for Patients With Rheumatoid... by Clifton O. Bingham, Emily Molina, Amy Praestgaard, Stefano Fiore, David Cella

“…Using PROMIS‐Fatigue 10a, at week 24, patients receiving 150 or 200 mg sarilumab every other week in MOBILITY and TARGET had rapidly and significantly improved mean levels of fatigue compared to those who received placebo. When compared to patients who received adalimumab in MONARCH, patients who received sarilumab had a trend toward increased improvement. eCDF curves showed separation between active treatment versus placebo with both sarilumab doses and across the score range for improvement. …”
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Effects of Traumeel (Tr14) on Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Response in Healthy Subjects: A Double-Blind RCT by Kerstin Muders, Christian Pilat, Vanessa Deuster, Torsten Frech, Karsten Krüger, Jörn Pons-Kühnemann, Frank-Christoph Mooren

“…The present double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial intended to test whether ingestion of a natural combination medicine (Tr14 tablets) affects serum muscle damage and inflammatory immune response after downhill running. 96 male subjects received Tr14 tablets, which consist of 14 diluted biological and mineral components, or a placebo for 72 h after the exercise test, respectively. …”
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Evaluation of the Effect of Cichorium intybus L. on the Liver Enzymes in Burn Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial by Abdolkhalegh Keshavarzi, Rahimeh Akrami, Mohammad M. Zarshenas, Saeid Zareie, Tayyeb Ghadimi, Ali Najafi, Mahsa Rostami Chijan, Azizallah Dehghan, Elham Zarenezhad

“…Patients in the intervention group received chicory seed syrup 10 cc three times a day and 1 placebo capsule, and those in the control group received placebo syrup (10 cc three times a day) and one Livergol (140 mg of silymarin in each capsule) capsule. …”
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Pharmacological pain management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a narrative literature review by Natasha Cox, Christian D. Mallen, Ian C. Scott

“…These showed moderate- to high-quality evidence from clinical trials in more contemporary time-periods (mainly 1990s/2000s for synthetic DMARDs and post-2000 for biological/targeted synthetic DMARDs) that, in patients with active RA, short-term glucocorticoids and synthetic, biologic, and targeted synthetic DMARDs have efficacy at reducing pain intensity relative to placebo. In contrast, they showed low-quality evidence from trials in more historical time-periods (mainly in the 1960s–1990s for opioids and paracetamol) that (aside from naproxen) analgesics/neuromodulators provide any improvements in pain relative to placebo, and no supportive evidence for gabapentinoids, or long-term opioids. …”
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Probiotic Amelioration of Azotemia in 5/6th Nephrectomized Sprague-Dawley Rats by Natarajan Ranganathan, Beena Patel, Pari Ranganathan, Joseph Marczely, Rahul Dheer, Tushar Chordia, Stephen R. Dunn, Eli A. Friedman

“…Herein we describe a prospective, blinded, placebo-controlled pilot study, using 5/6th nephrectomized Sprague Dawley rat as a chronic renal failure model. …”
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Study of vascular endothelial dysfunction in children with beta-thalassemia major before and after quercetin therapy by Fatma Al Zahraa Sherai, Maaly Mabrouk, Ibrahim Badraia, Adel Hagag, Eman Elaskary

“…They were categorized into two equal groups: group I: received 12 weeks of quercetin therapy and group II: served as control group and received 12 weeks of placebo. Results Serum ferritin, C-reactive protein, and lactate dehydrogenase levels showed significantly lower values among patients after 12 weeks of quercetin therapy compared with controls. …”
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Effects of a synthetic analog of the bovine appeasing pheromone on the overall welfare of dairy calves from birth through weaning by J. Garcia-Alvarez, E. Teruel, A. Cozzi, E. Harris, S.M. Rutter, A. Beaver

“…The main objective of this study was to determine if the use of the bovine appeasing pheromone (BAP) would improve the welfare of dairy calves; therefore, in this randomized controlled trial, 72 Holstein Friesian dairy calves were housed in individual hutches after birth and were randomly allocated to receive BAP or a placebo once every 2 wk from birth through weaning. …”
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High Doses of Halotolerant Gut-Indigenous Lactobacillus plantarum Reduce Cultivable Lactobacilli in Newborn Calves without Increasing Its Species Abundance by Alexander Rodriguez-Palacios, Henry R. Staempfli, J. Scott Weese

“…To elucidate the ecological effect of high oral doses of halotolerant (resistant to table salt) indigenous-gut bacteria on other commensals early in life, we conducted a culture-based study to quantify the effect of intestinal Lactobacillus plantarum strain of bovine origin (with remarkable aerobic growth capabilities and inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and F5) on clinical health and gut lactobacilli/coliforms in newborn calves. In a double-blind placebo-randomized trial twelve colostrum-fed calves, consecutively born at a farm, were fed L. plantarum within 12 hours from birth at low (107-8 CFU/day) or high concentrations (1010-11) or placebo (q24 h, 5 d; 10 d follow-up). …”
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Effect of intramuscular midazolam premedication on patient satisfaction in women undergoing general anaesthesia: a randomised control trial by Kwang Ho Lee, Seung Woo Song, Younghyun Jin, Hyunjae Lim, Jonghoon Lee

“…The secondary outcomes included blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen desaturation, recovery duration and postoperative pain.Results Patients who received midazolam were more satisfied than those who received placebo (percentage difference: 21.0%, OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.46 to 8.70). …”
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Meta-Analysis of 11 Heterogeneous Studies regarding Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor Add-On Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Treated with Insulin by Katsuya Shibuki, Shuji Shimada, Takao Aoyama

“…The mean ΔHbA1c between the DPP-4 inhibitor and placebo groups was -0.61% (95% confidence interval (CI): -0.74 to -0.48, I2=73.4%). …”
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Empagliflozin-Metformin Combination Has Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties that Correlate with Vascular Protection in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes by Miodrag Janić, Matej Cankar, Jan Šmid, Alenka France Štiglic, Aleš Jerin, Mišo Šabovič, Andrej Janež, Mojca Lunder

“…In the present study, we explored the underlying mechanism by investigating the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of the empagliflozin-metformin combination (compared to the individual drugs or placebo) and its association with improving arterial function. …”
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