Spinal NGF Restores Opioid Sensitivity in Neuropathic Rats: Possible Role of NGF as a Regulator of CCK-Induced Anti-Opioid Effects by Catherine M Cahill, Terence J Coderre

“…During the prenatal developmental period, NGF is critical for survival of nociceptors; in the postnatal period it regulates the expression of nociceptor phenotype, and in the adult it contributes to pain following an inflammatory insult. …”
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The Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Metastatic Prostate Cancer to the Skeleton by Emma Roberts, Davina A. F. Cossigny, Gerald M. Y. Quan

“…In this review the molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the highly metastatic phenotype of prostate cancer are discussed. Proangiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been shown to not only aid in the metastatic capabilities of prostate cancer but also encourage the colonization and growth of prostate tumour cells in the skeleton. …”
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Nestin Reporter Transgene Labels Multiple Central Nervous System Precursor Cells by Avery S. Walker, Gwendolyn E. Goings, Yongsoo Kim, Richard J. Miller, Anjen Chenn, Francis G. Szele

“…During embryogenesis, the dorsal telencephalon contained many and the ventral telencephalon few eGFP+ cells. eGFP+ cells were found in postnatal and adult neurogenic regions. eGFP+ cells in the SVZ expressed multiple phenotype markers, glial fibrillary acidic protein, Dlx, and neuroblast-specific molecules suggesting the transgene is expressed through the lineage. eGFP+ cell numbers increased in the SVZ after cortical injury, suggesting this line will be useful in probing postinjury neurogenesis. …”
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Clonal reproduction by seed of a cultivated hybrid plant: a new perspective for small-scale rice growers by Vernet, Aurore, Meynard, Donaldo, Guiderdoni, Emmanuel

“…Here, we have introduced synthetic apomixis in hybrid rice to produce a high (95–100%) frequency of clonal seeds, via the inactivation of three meiotic genes—resulting in unreduced, non-recombined gametes—and the addition of an egg cell parthenogenesis trigger. The genotype and phenotype, including grain quality, of the F1 hybrid are reproduced identically in the clonal apomictic progenies. …”
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Significant Depletion of CD4+ T Cells Occurs in the Oral Mucosa during Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection with the Infected CD4+ T Cell Reservoir Continuing to Persist in the... by Jeffy George, Wendeline Wagner, Mark G. Lewis, Joseph J. Mattapallil

“…Here we show that CD4+ T cells constitute a minor population of T cells in the oral mucosa and display a predominantly central memory phenotype mirroring other mucosal sites such as the rectal mucosa. …”
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Novel IL2RG gene mutation causing primary combined immunodeficiency disease: A case report and literature review by Fang Cao, Yingyu Shi, Fang Deng, Yu Yan

“…Whole exome sequencing did not identify any genetic variants highly associated with and definitively pathogenic for bronchiectasis but detected a compound heterozygous missense mutation c.420A>T (p.R140S) in the IL2RG gene, linked to primary combined immunodeficiency (CID), a clinical phenotype rarely reported in China due to this gene mutation. …”
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Macrophages, Inflammation, and Tumor Suppressors: ARF, a New Player in the Game by Paqui G. Través, Alfonso Luque, Sonsoles Hortelano

“…In most tumors, TAMs show properties of an alternative polarization phenotype (M2) characterized by the expression of a series of chemokines, cytokines, and proteases that promote immunosuppression, tumor proliferation, and spreading of the cancer cells. …”
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Stem Cells as In Vitro Model of Parkinson's Disease by Patricia L. Martínez-Morales, Isabel Liste

“…Disease models derived from iPSC that manifest cellular disease phenotypes have been established for several monogenic diseases, but iPSC can likewise be used for phenotype-based drug screens in complex diseases for which the underlying genetic mechanism is unknown. …”
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Prader-Willi Syndrome: Clinical Aspects by Grechi Elena, Cammarata Bruna, Mariani Benedetta, Di Candia Stefania, Chiumello Giuseppe

“…The syndrome is due to the loss of expression of several genes encoded on the proximal long arm of chromosome 15 (15q11.2–q13). The complex phenotype is most probably caused by a hypothalamic dysfunction that is responsible for hormonal dysfunctions and for absence of the sense of satiety. …”
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The Effect of High Concentrations of Glufosinate Ammonium on the Yield Components of Transgenic Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Constitutively Expressing the bar Gene by Zoltán Áy, Róbert Mihály, Mátyás Cserháti, Éva Kótai, János Pauk

“…Extremely high concentrations of glufosinate ammonium caused a bushy phenotype, significantly lower numbers of grains per spike, and thousand kernel weights. …”
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Cell fusion as a driver of metastasis: re-evaluating an old hypothesis in the age of cancer heterogeneity by Eduardo López-Collazo, Eduardo López-Collazo, Eduardo López-Collazo, Eduardo López-Collazo, Laura Hurtado-Navarro, Laura Hurtado-Navarro

“…However, the exact processes that enable primary cancer cells to acquire a metastatic phenotype remain unclear. Increasing attention has been focused on the fusion of cancer cells with myeloid cells, a phenomenon that may result in hybrid cells, so-called Tumour Hybrid Cells (THCs), with enhanced migratory, angiogenic, immune evasion, colonisation, and metastatic properties. …”
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A Case of Familial Mediterranean Fever with Extensive Lymphadenopathy and Complex Heterozygous Genotype Presenting in the Fourth Decade by Jawad Al-Khafaji, Fran Ganz-Lord, Venkata Rajesh Konjeti, Aaron D. Viny

“…This unique compound heterozygous genotype resulted in a novel genotype-phenotype association producing an atypical clinical presentation of FMF that fits within the pattern of several case reports of late-onset disease with respect to clinical course and therapeutic response.…”
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Adult-Onset Idiopathic Cervical Dystonia by Shameer Rafee, Mahmood Al-Hinai, Michael Hutchinson

“… Adult-onset idiopathic focal dystonia is the most common type of primary dystonia, and adult-onset idiopathic cervical dystonia (AOICD) is its most prevalent phenotype. AOICD is an autosomal-dominant disorder with markedly reduced penetrance; clinical expression is dependent on age, sex, and environmental exposure. …”
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Stable Long-Term Culture of Human Distal Airway Stem Cells for Transplantation by Yueqing Zhou, Yujia Wang, Dandan Li, Ting Zhang, Yu Ma, Wei Zuo

“…Human DASCs were brushed off through the bronchoscopic procedure and expanded under the pharmaceutical-grade condition. Their phenotype stability in long-term cell culture was analyzed, followed by safety evaluation and tumorigenic analysis using multiple animal models including rodents and nonhuman primate. …”
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Mycobacterium avium Infection of Multinucleated Giant Cells Reveals Association of Bacterial Survival to Autophagy and Cholesterol Utilization by Jayanthi J. Joseph, Amy Leestemaker-Palmer, Soheila Kazemi, Lia Danelishvili, Luiz E. Bermudez

“…Bacteria that escape the MGC exhibit a highly invasive phenotype, which warrants further evaluation. Characterization of MGCs with transmission electron microscopy revealed an accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets, autophagic activity, and multiple nuclei. …”
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Possible Involvement of Smad Signaling Pathways in Induction of Odontoblastic Properties in KN-3 Cells by Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2: A Growth Factor to Induce Dentin Regenerati... by Ayako Washio, Chiaki Kitamura, Takahiko Morotomi, Masamichi Terashita, Tatsuji Nishihara

“…Our results suggest that KN-3 cells may express an odontoblastic phenotype with the addition of BMP-2 through the activation of Smad signaling pathways.…”
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Vitamin K Deficiency Embryopathy from Hyperemesis Gravidarum by Andrew S. Lane, Jennifer L. Stallworth, Kacey Y. Eichelberger, Kenneth F. Trofatter

“…Early ultrasound at 14 weeks demonstrated a flattened facial profile with nasal hypoplasia (Binder phenotype) consistent with vitamin K deficiency from HG. …”
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VMAT2-Deficient Mice Display Nigral and Extranigral Pathology and Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease by Tonya N. Taylor, W. Michael Caudle, Gary W. Miller

“…With a 95% reduction in VMAT2 expression, VMAT2-deficient animals have decreased motor function, progressive deficits in olfactory discrimination, shorter latency to behavioral signs of sleep, delayed gastric emptying, anxiety-like behaviors at younger ages, and a progressive depressive-like phenotype. Pathologically, the VMAT2-deficient mice display progressive neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra (SNpc), locus coeruleus (LC), and dorsal raphe (DR) coupled with α-synuclein accumulation. …”
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Nature of viruses and the radical change in viral taxonomy by V. V. Makarov, L. P. Buchatsky

“…Changes in the rank hierarchy are based on the evolution of the recognition of virus taxa over time, from a traditional phenotype-based characterization process to a multistage process that includes comparative sequence analyses of conserved genes and proteins, including gene phylogeny, gene synteny and shared gene content. …”
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Multifocal Aggressive Squamous Cell Carcinomas Induced by Prolonged Voriconazole Therapy: A Case Report by C. Morice, A. Acher, N. Soufir, M. Michel, F. Comoz, D. Leroy, L. Verneuil

“…A plausible hypothesis is that several factors including voriconazole uptake, immunosuppression, and genetic background could explain the phenotype of fast-developing skin carcinomas. Voriconazole therapy should be accompanied by stringent photoprotection and skin monitoring.…”
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