Aggrephagy: Selective Disposal of Protein Aggregates by Macroautophagy by Trond Lamark, Terje Johansen

“…The aggregates can be degraded by the proteasome and by chaperone-mediated autophagy only after dissolution into soluble single peptide species. Hence, protein aggregates as such are degraded by macroautophagy. …”
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Iatrogenic cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer's disease co‐pathology by Francisco Hernández‐Fernández, Isabel Martínez‐Fernández, Rosa Barbella‐Aponte, Inmaculada Feria Vilar, Oscar Ayo‐Martín, Jorge García‐García, Rosa Collado, Alberto Andrés, Mar Hernández‐Guillamón, Francisco José Pena Pardo, Cristina Barrena, Miguel de laFuente, Gemma Serrano‐Heras, María Melero, Elena Lozano Setién, Luis López, Tomás Segura

“…Abstract Iatrogenic cerebral amyloid angiopathy, a disease caused by contact with neurosurgical material or human growth hormone contaminated by beta‐amyloid peptide (Aβ), has a prion‐like transmission mechanism. …”
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Characteristics and Determinants of Partial Remission in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Using the Insulin-Dose-Adjusted A1C Definition by Aurore Pecheur, Thierry Barrea, Valérie Vandooren, Véronique Beauloye, Annie Robert, Philippe A. Lysy

“…We show that, at diagnosis of T1D, parameters associated with β-cell mass reserve (A1C, C-peptide, and DKA) correlate with the occurrence of PR, which affects post-PR A1C levels. …”
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The ABC transporter A7 modulates neuroinflammation via NLRP3 inflammasome in Alzheimer’s disease mice by Irene Santos-García, Pablo Bascuñana, Mirjam Brackhan, María Villa, Ivan Eiriz, Thomas Brüning, Jens Pahnke

“…ABCA7 transports lipids from/across cell membranes, regulates Aβ peptide processing and clearance, and modulates microglial and T-cell functions to maintain immune homeostasis in the brain. …”
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The Role of RaxST, a Prokaryotic Sulfotransferase, and RaxABC, a Putative Type I Secretion System, in Activation of the Rice XA21-Mediated Immune Response by Pamela C. Ronald

“…These observations suggest a model where RaxST sulfates a molecule that contains a leader peptide, which is cleaved by the peptidase domain of the RaxB protein and secreted outside the bacterial cell by the RaxABC T1SS.…”
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Hexapeptide dalargin in clinical gastroenterology: 30 years' of clinical application of the drug by S. A. Bulgakov

“…Dalargin is the first synthetic opioid peptide agent created on the basis of endogenous leucineenkephaline. …”
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Hot pants: The emerging field of exercise mimetics, from hospital beds to the international space station by Kevin John

“…A relevant and current example of this is the enormous market demand for glucagon‐like peptide‐1 drugs for the management of obesity and type‐2 diabetes. …”
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Weight Considerations in Pharmacotherapy for Type 2 Diabetes by Vicky Cheng, Sangeeta R. Kashyap

“…Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors are weight neutral, whereas glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs are associated with weight loss. …”
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Short Communication: Some Observations on the Role of Bradykinin in Immunity to Teladorsagia circumcincta in Sheep by Andrew R. Williams

“…Bradykinin is a physiologically active peptide involved in vasodilation and smooth muscle contraction and is previously shown to be increased in gastrointestinal mucus during nematode challenge in sheep. …”
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Recent Advances in Potential Clinical Application of Ghrelin in Obesity by Christine Delporte

“…Ghrelin is a 28 amino acid peptide possessing a unique acylation on the serine in position 3 catalyzed by ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT). …”
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Toll-Like Receptors and Cytokines as Surrogate Biomarkers for Evaluating Vaginal Immune Response following Microbicide Administration by Sadhana M. Gupta, Clara C. Aranha, Madhu C. Mohanty, K. V. R. Reddy

“…In the present study, we evaluated nisin, a naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide (AMP), for its efficacy as an intravaginal microbicide. …”
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Local Bone Marrow Renin-Angiotensin System and Atherosclerosis by Yavuz Beyazit, Tugrul Purnak, Gulay Sain Guven, Ibrahim C. Haznedaroglu

“…Angiotensin II (Ang II), the dominant effector peptide of the RAS, regulates cellular growth in a wide variety of tissues in pathobiological states. …”
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Association of a BACE1 Gene Polymorphism with Parkinson’s Disease in a Norwegian Population by Johannes Lange, Kristin Aaser Lunde, Camilla Sletten, Simon Geir Møller, Ole-Bjørn Tysnes, Guido Alves, Jan Petter Larsen, Jodi Maple-Grødem

“…Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) share pathological features, including amyloid-beta pathology. Amyloid-beta peptide is generated by sequential proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein (APP), and genetic variations in the processing pathway genes have been found to increase the risk of AD; however, the contribution in PD is unknown. …”
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GLP-1/GLP-1R Signaling Regulates Ovarian PCOS-Associated Granulosa Cells Proliferation and Antiapoptosis by Modification of Forkhead Box Protein O1 Phosphorylation Sites by Zhihua Sun, Peiyi Li, Xiao Wang, Shuchang Lai, Hong Qiu, Zhi Chen, Shidi Hu, Jie Yao, Jie Shen

“…Although glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-IRAs) show therapeutic effects for PCOS, its target and underlying mechanism remains elusive. …”
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T Cell Costimulatory Molecules in Anti-Viral Immunity: Potential Role in Immunotherapeutic Vaccines by Tania H Watts, Edward M Bertram, Jacob Bukczynski, Tao Wen

“…The activation of T cells requires both an antigen specific signal, involving the recognition of a peptide/major histocompatibility protein complex by the T cell receptor, as well as additional costimulatory signals. …”
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Development of a TCR-like antibody and chimeric antigen receptor against NY-ESO-1/HLA-A2 for cancer immunotherapy by Xin Liu, Yang Du, Ningyan Zhang, Zhiqiang An, Wei Xiong, Yixiang Xu, Bingnan Yin, Yuqian Huang, Junjun Chu, Changsheng Xing, Chen Qian, Tianhao Duan, Helen Y Wang, John S. Yu, Rongfu Wang

“…To mimic the feature of T-cell receptor (TCR) that recognizes the complex of major histocompatibility class I and peptide on the cell surface derived from the processed intracellular antigen, we used NY-ESO-1, a cancer-testis antigen, to develop a TCR-like fully human IgG1 antibody and its derivative, CAR-T cells, for cancer immunotherapy.Methods Human single-chain variable antibody fragment (scFv) phage library (~10∧11) was screened against HLA-A2/NY-ESO-1 (peptide 157–165) complex to obtain target-specific antibodies. …”
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Carrageenan-Free Diet Shows Improved Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Signaling in Prediabetes: A Randomized, Pilot Clinical Trial by Leo Feferman, Sumit Bhattacharyya, Erin Oates, Nicole Haggerty, Tianxiu Wang, Krista Varady, Joanne K. Tobacman

“…They had increases in C-peptide (p=0.029) and Matsuda Index (2.1±0.7 to 4.8±2.3; p=0.052) and declines in serum IL-8, serum galectin-3, and neutrophil phospho-(Ser307/312)-IRS1 (p=0.049, p=0.003, and p=0.006; paired t-tests, two tailed). …”
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Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Hepcidin Revealed by Hepcidin Disorders by Clara Camaschella, Laura Silvestri

“…At the systemic level, iron homeostasis is regulated by the liver peptide hepcidin. Disruption of these regulatory loops leads to genetic diseases characterized by iron deficiency (iron-refractory iron-deficiency anemia) or iron overload (hemochromatosis). …”
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Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome: A Systematic Review by MingXu Lin, YuHua Chen, Jie Ning

“…High levels of insulin autoantibodies are found in patients, and C-peptide is not parallel to insulin, which could be diagnostic. …”
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The Effects of Affinity Mediated Clonal Expansion of Premigrant Thymocytes on the Periphery T-Cell Repertoire by Guanyu Wang

“…The immune system maintains a highly diverse T-cell repertoire,which is shaped by active interactions between developing thymocytesand endogenous peptide/MHC molecules through the principle ofpositive and negative selections. …”
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