Choosing between GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and DPP-4 Inhibitors: A Pharmacological Perspective by Dominique Xavier Brown, Marc Evans

“…The incretin therapies focus on the increasing levels of the two incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). …”
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Assessment of Molecular Imaging of Angiogenesis with Three-Dimensional Ultrasonography by Jason E. Streeter, Ryan C. Gessner, James Tsuruta, Steven Feingold, Paul A. Dayton

“…MI was performed on rat fibrosarcoma tumors (n = 8) of similar sizes using MCAs conjugated with a cyclic RGD peptide targeted to α v β 3 integrin. US MI and immunohistochemical analyses show high microbubble targeting variability, suggesting that individual two-dimensional (2D) acquisitions risk misrepresenting more complex heterogeneous tissues. …”
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Autoantibodies as Diagnostic Markers and Mediator of Joint Inflammation in Arthritis by Qinghua Fang, Jiaxin Ou, Kutty Selva Nandakumar

“…These autoantibodies (anticitrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPAs), rheumatoid factors (RF), anticollagen type II antibodies, antiglucose-6 phosphate isomerase antibodies, anticarbamylated protein antibodies, and antiacetylated protein antibodies) have different characteristics, diagnostic/prognostic value, and pathological significance in RA patients. …”
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How close is autophagy-targeting therapy for Alzheimer's disease to clinical use? A summary of autophagy modulators in clinical studies by Sofia Miranda Fernandes, Johanna Mayer, Per Nilsson, Makoto Shimozawa

“…A pathological hallmark of AD is the accumulation of aberrant protein/peptide aggregates such as extracellular amyloid plaques containing amyloid-beta peptides and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. …”
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Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase and the Neuroprotective Function of Conjugated ZnO-Osthol Nanoparticles in Alzheimer’s Disease by Nahed S. Alharthi, Fahad M. Aldakheel, Abdulkarim S. Binshaya

“…A critical factor in the cause and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the growth of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in the brain. The mechanism of this effect is still unknown, although the effect of osthol on Aβ-induced inflammation is neuroprotective in AD and supplementation with zinc might prevent or delay the onset of dementia. …”
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FLAIR Hyperintense Vessel Sign of Both MCAs with Severe Heart Failure by Donghee Kim, Seung-Yul Lee, Kwon-Duk Seo

“…In the baseline routine laboratory investigations, the AST, ALT, and B-type natriuretic peptide levels were elevated. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) showed mitral valve prolapse with severe regurgitation. …”
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Melittin, a Potential Natural Toxin of Crude Bee Venom: Probable Future Arsenal in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus by Md. Sakib Hossen, Siew Hua Gan, Md. Ibrahim Khalil

“…Melittin is a peptide consisting of 26 amino acids with the sequence GIGAVLKVLTTGLPALISWIKRKRQQ. …”
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Analysis of Progress and Challenges of EGFR-Targeted Molecular Imaging in Cancer With a Focus on Affibody Molecules by Weizhi Chen MD, Baozhong Shen MD, PhD, Xilin Sun PhD

“…Each substrate or probe, whether it is an endogenous ligand, antibody, peptide, or small molecule labeled with fluorochrome or radionuclide, has unique advantages and limitations. …”
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GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes by María Isabel del Olmo-Garcia, Juan Francisco Merino-Torres

“…Among all the drugs available, the compounds known as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) appear to be not just innocuous in terms of CVD but indeed to be beneficial. …”
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Hyperglycemia in Type I Diabetic Developing Male Rats by Hany N. Yousef, Samia M. Sakr, Sahar A. Sabry

“…Diabetic rats showed marked impairment (p<0.05) in serum levels of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), and total oxidant status (TOS) in addition to disruption of the calculated values of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), pancreatic β cell function (HOMA-β), and oxidative stress index (OSI). …”
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Approaches to the Modulation of Abdominal Pain by Emeran A Mayer, Tony Lembo, Lin Chang

“…Even though the precise mechanisms and sites underlying these alterations remain incompletely understood, plausible targets for the development of effective pharmacological treatments are receptors on peripheral terminals of visceral afferent nerves (opioids and serotonin), ion channels and receptors on dorsal horn neurons within the spinal cord (opioids, glutamate, calcitonin gene-related peptide and neurokinin-1), and supraspinal targets in the brainstem within the limbic system and in the prefrontal cortex (serotonin, catecholamines, dopamine and acetylcholine). …”
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Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture by Freek J. Zijlstra, Ineke van den Berg-de Lange, Frank J. P. M. Huygen, Jan Klein

“…The acupuncture-controlled release of neuropeptides from nerve endings and subsequent vasodilative and anti-inflammatory effects through calcitonine gene-related peptide is hypothesised. The complex interactions with substance P, the analgesic contribution of β-endorphin and the balance between cell-specific pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10 are discussed.…”
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Ghrelin Protects against the Detrimental Consequences of Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Akt Inactivation through S-Nitrosylation on Salivary Mucin Synthesis by Bronislaw L. Slomiany, Amalia Slomiany

“…Further, we demonstrate that a peptide hormone, ghrelin, countered the LPS-induced impairment in mucin synthesis. …”
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Feasibility and Safety of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Adults with Heart Failure after the Fontan Procedure by Jun Muneuchi, Yuichiro Sugitani, Masaru Kobayashi, Hiroki Ezaki, Hiromu Yamada, Mamie Watanabe

“…In addition, administration of a SGLT-2 inhibitor resulted in weight loss (4/5), an increase in systemic oxygen saturation (4/5), an increase in serum albumin level (4/5), an increase in estimated glomerular filtration ratio (4/5), and a decrease in plasma brain natriuretic peptide level (4/5). Our case series supported the feasibility and safety of SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with Fontan circulatory failure, although the exact changes in urinary output were unknown in all patients. …”
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ANCA-Associated Vasculitides and Hematologic Malignancies: Lessons from the Past and Future Perspectives by Marco Folci, Giacomo Ramponi, Dana Shiffer, Aurora Zumbo, Michele Agosti, Enrico Brunetta

“…Derangements in its expression and function have been linked to leukemias and GPA alike. PR3-derived PR1 peptide is being studied as an immunotherapy target in leukemia and multiple myeloma. …”
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Structural insights into HIV-2 CA lattice formation and FG-pocket binding revealed by single-particle cryo-EM by Matthew Cook, Christian Freniere, Chunxiang Wu, Faith Lozano, Yong Xiong

“…By templating the assembly of HIV-2 CA on functionalized liposomes, we report high-resolution structures of the HIV-2 CA lattice, including both CA hexamers and pentamers, alone and with peptides of host phenylalanine-glycine (FG)-motif proteins Nup153 and CPSF6. …”
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Glucose metabolism impairment in major depressive disorder by Fanhao Meng, Jing Wang, Long Wang, Wei Zou

“…In addition, we briefly discussed potential pharmacological interventions for glucose metabolism to alleviate MDD, including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, metformin, topical insulin, liraglutide, and pioglitazone, to encourage the development of new therapeutics.…”
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Computational design of multi-epitope vaccine against Hepatitis C Virus infection using immunoinformatics techniques. by Sara Zubair, Fahed Parvaiz, Turki Abualait, Khalid Al-Regaiey, Tasneem Anwar, Mahnoor Zafar, Imdad Kaleem, Shahid Bashir

“…In this study, we used an array of immunoinformatics approaches to design a multiepitope peptide-based vaccine against HCV by emphasizing 6 conserved epitopes from viral protein NS5B. …”
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Advances in Immunotherapy for Melanoma: A Comprehensive Review by Carmen Rodríguez-Cerdeira, Miguel Carnero Gregorio, Adriana López-Barcenas, Elena Sánchez-Blanco, Beatriz Sánchez-Blanco, Gabriella Fabbrocini, Brunilda Bardhi, Ardiana Sinani, Roberto Arenas Guzman

“…Several types of vaccines, including peptide, viral, and dendritic cell vaccines, are currently under investigation for the treatment of melanoma. …”
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Immunomodulatory Effects of Hemagglutinin- (HA-) Modified A20 B-Cell Lymphoma Expanded as a Brain Tumor on Adoptively Transferred HA-Specific CD4+ T Cells by Valentin P. Shichkin, Roman M. Moriev

“…These cells were still responding to reactivation with HA-peptide in vitro. Our data support an idea about sufficient role of both the tumor-specific and -nonspecific mechanisms inducing immunosuppression in cancer patients.…”
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