Remarkable Role of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase and Tryptophan Metabolites in Infectious Diseases: Potential Role in Macrophage-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases by Yuki Murakami, Masato Hoshi, Yukio Imamura, Yuko Arioka, Yasuko Yamamoto, Kuniaki Saito

“…Originally known for its regulatory function during pregnancy and chronic inflammation in tumorigenesis, the activity of IDO1 seems to modify the inflammatory state of infectious diseases. The pathophysiologic activity of L-tryptophan metabolites, kynurenines, is well recognized. …”
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Complement Diagnostics: Concepts, Indications, and Practical Guidelines by Bo Nilsson, Kristina Nilsson Ekdahl

“…Aberrations in the complement system have been shown to be direct or indirect pathophysiological mechanisms in a number of diseases and pathological conditions such as autoimmune disease, infections, cancer, allogeneic and xenogeneic transplantation, and inflammation. …”
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Current Concepts on Antiplatelet Therapy: Focus on the Novel Thienopyridine and Non-Thienopyridine Agents by L. Testa, G. G. L. Biondi Zoccai, M. Valgimigli, R. A. Latini, S. Pizzocri, S. Lanotte, M. L. Laudisa, N. Brambilla, M. R. Ward, G. A. Figtree, F. Bedogni, R. Bhindi

“…They significantly reduce platelet activity and are therefore clinically beneficial in settings where platelet activation is a key pathophysiological feature, particularly myocardial infarction. …”
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Dynamic Changes in the Nigrostriatal Pathway in the MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease by Dongping Huang, Jing Xu, Jinghui Wang, Jiabin Tong, Xiaochen Bai, Heng Li, Zishan Wang, Yulu Huang, Yufei Wu, Mei Yu, Fang Huang

“…Here, we provide an overview of the dynamic changes in the nigrostriatal pathway in the MPTP mouse model of PD. Pathophysiological events, such as reductions in the striatal dopamine (DA) concentrations and levels of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein, depletion of TH-positive nerve fibers, a decrease in the number of TH-positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), and glial activation, are addressed. …”
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Methods of risk prediction and monitoring of treatment response rate of bleedings from esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis by D. V. Garbuzenko

“…Optimization of known methods of assessment of portal hypertension, and development of new, pathophysiologically based methods, allows to increase efficacy of VEV bleedings prophylaxis in patients with liver cirrhosis.…”
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Pediatric Migraine by Ubaid Hameed Shah, Veena Kalra

“…Migraine is the most common cause of acute recurrent headaches in children. The pathophysiological concepts have evolved from a purely vascular etiology to a neuroinflammatory process. …”
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Clinical, Biochemical, and ATR-FTIR Spectroscopic Parameters Associated with Death or Survival in Patients with Severe COVID-19 by Adriana Martinez-Cuazitl, Monica M. Mata-Miranda, Miguel Sanchez-Brito, Daniel Valencia-Trujillo, Amanda M. Avila-Trejo, Raul J. Delgado-Macuil, Consuelo Atriano-Colorado, Francisco Garibay-Gonzalez, Virginia Sanchez-Monroy, Gustavo J. Vazquez-Zapien

“…Therefore, to describe the pathophysiological response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19, we compared according to survival or death, the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the biochemical and immunological attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra from saliva samples and their correlation with chemometric findings. …”
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The Impact of Incretin-Based Medications on Lipid Metabolism by Habib Yaribeygi, Mina Maleki, Alexandra E. Butler, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Amirhossein Sahebkar

“…Pathophysiological pathways that are induced by chronic hyperglycemia negatively impact lipid metabolism. …”
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Hyponatremia and Congestive Heart Failure: A Marker of Increased Mortality and a Target for Therapy by Adam Romanovsky, Sean Bagshaw, Mitchell H. Rosner

“…The recent introduction of specific vasopressin-receptor antagonists offers a targeted pharmacological approach to these pathophysiological derangements. Thus far, clinical trials with vasopressin-receptor antagonists have demonstrated an increase in free-water excretion, improvement in serum sodium, modest improvements in dyspnea but no improvement in mortality. …”
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Cardiovascular and Renal Links along the Cardiorenal Continuum by José A. García-Donaire, Luis M. Ruilope

“…Moreover, cardiovascular events rarely occur in patients without underlying disease; rather, they typically take place as the final stage of a pathophysiological process that results in progressive vascular damage, including vital organ damage, specifically the kidney and the heart if these factors are uncontrolled. …”
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Molecular Pathogenesis of Cholangiocarcinoma by G. Fava, I. Lorenzini

“…Epidemiological data from the last years show an increasing trend of incidence and mortality of cholangiocarcinoma (CC) worldwide. Many pathophysiologic aspects of this neoplasia are still unknown and need to be fully discovered. …”
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The role of potential oxidative biomarkers in the prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage and the exploration antioxidants as possible preventive and treatment options by Jiayong Yao, Xiaohong Dai, Xueping Yv, Lei Zheng, Jia Zheng, Binglin Kuang, Wei Teng, Weiwei Yu, Mingyue Li, Hongtao Cao, Wei Zou, Wei Zou

“…According to a large number of experimental research, oxidative stress is an important pathophysiological processes of cerebral hemorrhage. In this paper, we aim to determine how changes in oxidative stress biomarkers indicate the damage degree of cerebral hemorrhage, and to explore and summarize potential treatments or interventions. …”
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Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors in COVID-19: Current Concepts by Kunal Mahajan, Prakash Chand Negi, Neeraj Ganju, Sachin Sondhi, Naresh Gaur, Rao Somendra

“…We review the current data and pathophysiological mechanisms behind this intriguing interplay between the RAS inhibitors and the COVID-19.…”
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Research progress on protective effect of polysaccharide from traditional Chinese medicine on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by Qian Sun, Hongtian Fei, Siqi Zhao, Lijiao Zhang, Rui Fei

“…Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a prevalent pathophysiological process associated with ischemic heart disease and significantly exacerbates myocardial damage, particularly in the elderly population.This condition not only poses serious risks to individual health but also brings creates substantial societal and economic burdens.Polysaccharides, natural macromolecule found in animals, plants and microorganisms, serve as active substance that confer various health benefits.Among these, polysaccharides extracted from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) through modern scientific techniques have gained prominence in the medical field due to their safety and high efficiency, playing a vital role in the management of various cardiovascular diseases.This paper, provides a comprehensive review of the role and mechanisms of TCM-derived polysaccharide in MIRI, aiming to furnish valuable insights for the future treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly.…”
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Extracellular vesicular microRNAs and cardiac hypertrophy by Hai Hu, Hai Hu, Xiulian Wang, Hui Yu, Hui Yu, Zhanli Wang

“…Sustained cardiac hypertrophy eventually leads to heart failure. The pathophysiological alterations of hypertrophy are complex, involving both cellular and molecular systems. …”
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Comprehensive Approach to Cancer Pain in Pediatric Patients by Alexis Ramón Pineda González, Grettel Águila Calero, Anaelys Acosta Hernández, Marilyn Ramírez Méndez

“…This work aims to expose the main characteristics of pain from cancer in pediatrics, its evaluation and management, based on the pathophysiological knowledge, taking into account the aspects referenced in the most current specialized literature. …”
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Bioprinting approaches in cardiac tissue engineering to reproduce blood-pumping heart function by Minji Kim, Dong Gyu Hwang, Jinah Jang

“…Engineered heart tissues have been introduced to reproduce heart functions to understand the pathophysiological properties of the heart and to test and develop potential therapeutics. …”
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Global Practice Patterns and Variations in the Medical and Surgical Management of Non- Obstructive Azoospermia: Results of a World-Wide Survey, Guidelines and Expert Recommendation... by Amarnath Rambhatla, Rupin Shah, Imad Ziouziou, Priyank Kothari, Gianmaria Salvio, Murat Gul, Taha Hamoda, Parviz Kavoussi, Widi Atmoko, Tuncay Toprak, Ponco Birowo, Edmund Ko, Mohamed Arafa, Ramy Abou Ghayda, Vilvapathy Senguttuvan Karthikeyan, Giorgio Ivan Russo, Germar-Michael Pinggera, Eric Chung, Ahmed M. Harraz, Marlon Martinez, Nguyen Ho Vinh Phuoc, Nicholas Tadros, Ramadan Saleh, Missy Savira, Giovanni M. Colpi, Wael Zohdy, Edoardo Pescatori, Hyun Jun Park, Shinichiro Fukuhara, Akira Tsujimura, Cesar Rojas-Cruz, Angelo Marino, Siu King Mak, Edouard Amar, Wael Ibrahim, Puneet Sindhwani, Naif Alhathal, Gian Maria Busetto, Manaf Al Hashimi, Ahmed El-Sakka, Asci Ramazan, Fotios Dimitriadis, Massimiliano Timpano, Davor Jezek, Baris Altay, Daniel Suslik Zylbersztejn, Michael YC Wong, Du Geon Moon, Christine Wyns, Safar Gamidov, Hamed Akhavizadegan, Alessandro Franceschelli, Kaan Aydos, Nguyen Quang, Shedeed Ashour, Adel Al Dayel, Mohammed S. Al-Marhoon, Sava Micic, Saleh Binsaleh, Alayman Hussein, Haitham Elbardisi, Taymour Mostafa, Jonathan Ramsay, Athanasios Zachariou, Islam Fathy Soliman Abdelrahman, Osvaldo Rajmil, Arif Kalkanli, Juan Manuel Corral Molina, Kadir Bocu, Gede Wirya Kusuma Duarsa, Gökhan Çeker, Ege Can Serefoglu, Fahmi Bahar, Nazim Gherabi, Shinnosuke Kuroda, Abderrazak Bouzouita, Ahmet Gudeloglu, Erman Ceyhan, Mohamed Saeed Mohamed Hasan, Muhammad Ujudud Musa, Ahmad Motawi, Chak-Lam Cho, Hisanori Taniguchi, Christopher Chee Kong Ho, Jesus Fernando Solorzano Vazquez, Shingai Mutambirwa, Nur Dokuzeylul Gungor, Marion Bendayan, Carlo Giulioni, Aykut Baser, Marco Falcone, Luca Boeri, Gideon Blecher, Alireza Kheradmand, Tamilselvi Sethupathy, Ricky Adriansjah, Nima Narimani, Charalampos Konstantinidis, Tuan Thanh Nguyen, Andrian Japari, Parisa Dolati, Keerti Singh, Cevahir Ozer, Selcuk Sarikaya, Nadia Sheibak, Ndagijimana Jean Bosco, Mehmet Serkan Özkent, Sang Thanh Le, Ioannis Sokolakis, Darren Katz, Ryan Smith, Manh Nguyen Truong, Tan V. Le, Zhongwei Huang, Muslim Dogan Deger, Umut Arslan, Gokhan Calik, Giorgio Franco, Ayman Rashed, Oguzhan Kahraman, Sotiris Andreadakis, Rosadi Putra, Giancarlo Balercia, Kareim Khalafalla, Rossella Cannarella, Anh Đặng Tuấn, Amr El Meliegy, Birute Zilaitiene, Marlene Lizbeth Zamora Ramirez, Filippo Giacone, Aldo E. Calogero, Konstantinos Makarounis, Sunil Jindal, Bac Nguyen Hoai, Ravi Banthia, Marcelo Rodriguez Peña, Dharani Moorthy, Aram Adamyan, Deniz Kulaksiz, Hussein Kandil, Nikolaos Sofikitis, Ciro Salzano, Andreas Jungwirth, Surendra Reddy Banka, Tiago Cesar Mierzwa, Tahsin Turunç, Divyanu Jain, Armen Avoyan, Pietro Salacone, Ateş Kadıoğlu, Chirag Gupta, Haocheng Lin, Iman Shamohammadi, Nasser Mogharabian, Trenton Barrett, Yavuz Onur Danacıoğlu, Andrea Crafa, Salima Daoud, Vineet Malhotra, Abdulmalik Almardawi, Osama Mohamed Selim, Mohamad Moussa, Saeid Haghdani, Mesut Berkan Duran, Yannic Kunz, Mirko Preto, Elena Eugeni, Thang Nguyen, Ahmed Rashad Elshahid, Seso Sulijaya Suyono, Dyandra Parikesit, Essam Nada, Eduardo Gutiérrez Orozco, Florence Boitrelle, Nguyen Thi Minh Trang, Mounir Jamali, Raju Nair, Mikhail Ruzaev, Franco Gadda, Charalampos Thomas, Raphael Henrique Ferreira, Umit Gul, Serena Maruccia, Ajay Kanbur, Ella Kinzikeeva, Saad Mohammed Abumelha, Raghavender Kosgi, Fatih Gokalp, Mohammad Ayodhia Soebadi, Gustavo Marquesine Paul, Hesamoddin Sajadi, Deepak Gupte, Rafael F. Ambar, Emrullah Sogutdelen, Karun Singla, Ari Basukarno, Shannon Hee Kyung Kim, Mohammad Ali Sadighi Gilani, Koichi Nagao, Sakti Ronggowardhana Brodjonegoro, Andri Rezano, Mohamed Elkhouly, Rossella Mazzilli, Hasan M. A. Farsi, Hung Nguyen Ba, Hamed Alali, Dimitrios Kafetzis, Tran Quang Tien Long, Sami Alsaid, Hoang Bao Ngoc Cuong, Knigavko Oleksandr, Akhmad Mustafa, Herik Acosta, Hrishikesh Pai, Bahadır Şahin, Eko Arianto, Colin Teo, Sanjay Prakash Jayaprakash, Rinaldo Indra Rachman, Mustafa Gurkan Yenice, Omar Sefrioui, Shivam Priyadarshi, Marko Tanic, Noor Kareem Alfatlaw, Fikri Rizaldi, Ranjit B. Vishwakarma, George Kanakis, Dinesh Thomas Cherian, Joe Lee, Raisa Galstyan, Hakan Keskin, Janan Wurzacher, Doddy Hami Seno, Bambang S Noegroho, Ria Margiana, Qaisar Javed, Fabrizio Castiglioni, Raman Tanwar, Ana Puigvert, Coşkun Kaya, Medianto Purnomo, Chadi Yazbeck, Azwar Amir, Edson Borges, Marina Bellavia, Isaac Ardianson Deswanto, Vinod KV, Giovanni Liguori, Dang Hoang Minh, Kashif Siddiqi, Fulvio Colombo, Armand Zini, Niket Patel, Selahittin Çayan, Ula Al-kawaz, Maged Ragab, Guadalupe Hernández Hebrard, Jean de la Rosette, Ozan Efesoy, Ivan Hoffmann, Thiago Afonso Teixeira, Barış Saylam, Daniela Delgadillo, Ashok Agarwal

Multiple cranial neuropathies in Churg-Strauss syndrome: case report by G. Rutkauskaitė, R. Masaitienė, J. Dadonienė, D. Jatužis

“…There are no clear pathophysiologic mechanisms that explain the development of CSS but association between CSS and HLA-DRB4 has been reported. …”
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An update on the ocular manifestations of dengue by Christina Wang, Arturo Castillo, Federico Cortes-Bejarano, Eduardo Lopez, Eduardo Cunha de Souza, Lihteh Wu

“…Some of these may be vision threatening and may require urgent ophthalmic evaluation. The precise pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in dengue infection involve a complex interplay between host immune responses, virus, and host genes. …”
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