Acute Aortic Dissection Mimicking STEMI in the Catheterization Laboratory: Early Recognition Is Mandatory by Alessio Arrivi, Gaetano Tanzilli, Paolo Emilio Puddu, Giovanni Truscelli, Marcello Dominici, Enrico Mangieri

“…A 77-year-old woman underwent an acute evolving type A aortic dissection mimicking acute myocardial infarction. Two pathophysiologic mechanisms are discussed: either thrombosis migrating from a previously treated giant aneurism of proximal left anterior descending or a local arterial complication due to left main stenting. …”
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Hypercapnia from Physiology to Practice by Amilkar Almanza-Hurtado, Camilo Polanco Guerra, María Cristina Martínez-Ávila, Diana Borré-Naranjo, Tomás Rodríguez-Yanez, Carmelo Dueñas-Castell

“…Hypercapnia is the elevation in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) above 45 mmHg in the bloodstream. The pathophysiological mechanisms of hypercapnia include the decrease in minute volume, an increase in dead space, or an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) production per sec. …”
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Metabolic Syndrome, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Dynamic and Life-Threatening Triad by Mário Raimundo, José António Lopes

“…Herein, we critically review the existing clinical evidence that associates MS with renal disease and cardiovascular disease, as well as the associated pathophysiologic mechanisms and actual treatment options.…”
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Preventing Ischial Pressure Ulcers: I. Review of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation by Hilton M. Kaplan, Gerald E. Loeb

“…Treatment is expensive and recurrence rates are high. Pathophysiological mechanisms include reduced bulk and perfusion of chronically atrophic muscles as well as prolonged occlusion of blood flow to soft tissues from lack of voluntary postural shifting of body weight. …”
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The Case for the Use of PPARγ Agonists as an Adjunctive Therapy for Cerebral Malaria by Lena Serghides

“…Adjunctive therapies that modify the pathophysiological processes caused by malaria are a possible way to improve outcome. …”
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Atypical Neuropsychiatric Presentation in a Patient Expecting Liver Transplantation by Laury Chamelian, Austin Pereira, Kiran Grant, Catherine Maurice

“…The sequence of events, complete work-up, and detailed neuropsychiatric examination were not compatible with hepatic encephalopathy or delirium; therefore we extended our differential diagnosis and suggested the pathophysiological process described below.…”
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Extrapontine Myelinolysis of Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome in a Case of Postoperative Suprasellar Arachnoid Cyst by Peng Zhao, Xuyi Zong, Xinsheng Wang, Yazhuo Zhang

“…Although the mechanism is not fully understood and the treatment is controversial, hyponatremia is probably considered to be the main pathophysiological basis. There are few reports of ODS caused by a sellar lesion. …”
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Neural Blockade in the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Pain: An Overview by Ian Gilron

“…This article provides a general overview of the physiology and pharmacology of nerve blocks and suggests how they may affect pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic pain. Following a discussion of the rationale, clinical application and potential complications of nerve blocks, existing evidence of efficacy is reviewed. …”
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Jackstone in the Kidney: An Unusual Calculus by Serozsha Goonewardena, Umesh Jayarajah, Sanka Nalinda Kuruppu, Manoj Hilary Fernando

“…This highlights the complex pathophysiological mechanisms in stone formation which needs to be further studied. …”
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Recurrent Transient Ischemic Attacks in a Patient with POEMS Syndrome by A. Akyol, B. Nazliel, H. Z. Batur Caglayan, Y. Oner, G. Turkoz Sucak

“…POEMS syndrome, of which arterial thromboses have been mentioned as a manifestation, is rarely accompanied by transient ischemic attacks. The pathophysiologic mechanism is yet unclear and needs further investigation.…”
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Putative Key Role of Inositol Messengers in Endothelial Cells in Preeclampsia by Sirilaksana Kunjara, Patricia McLean, Laurens Rademacher, Thomas W. Rademacher, Fabiana Fascilla, Stefano Bettocchi, Marco Scioscia

“…To evaluate the pathophysiological significance, we present the response of the intracellular pathways of inositol phosphoglycans involved in cellular metabolism and propose a link with the disease.…”
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In Silico Analysis of the Gene Expression Patterns between Aldosterone-Producing Adenoma and Nonfunctional Adrenocortical Adenoma by Yongfa Dai, Jing Li, Hong Wen, Jie Liu, Jianling Li

“…All the evidence suggests that phospholipid metabolism may be an important pathophysiological mechanism for APA. Our study provides a new perspective regarding the pathophysiological mechanism of APA and offers some small molecules that may possibly be effective drugs against APA.…”
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Serum Levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β, and MMP-9 in Patients Undergoing Carotid Artery Stenting and Regulation of MMP-9 in a New In Vitro Model of THP-1 Cells Activated by Stenting by Rongrong Zhang, Fan Jiang, Cindy Si Chen, Tianzhu Wang, Jinzhou Feng, Tao Tao, Xinyue Qin

“…Inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiological process after carotid artery stenting (CAS). …”
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Hyperthermia and targeting heat shock proteins: innovative approaches for neurodegenerative disorders and Long COVID by David M. Smadja, David M. Smadja, M. Marc Abreu, M. Marc Abreu

“…Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and Long COVID represent critical and growing global health challenges, characterized by complex pathophysiological mechanisms including neuronal deterioration, protein misfolding, and persistent neuroinflammation. …”
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A Rare Case of Central Pontine Myelinolysis in Overcorrection of Hyponatremia with Total Parenteral Nutrition in Pregnancy by Kalyana C. Janga, Tazleem Khan, Ciril Khorolsky, Sheldon Greenberg, Priscilla Persaud

“…In conclusion we present a complicated case serum sodium changes during pregnancy and pathophysiological effects on serum sodium changes during pregnancy.…”
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European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility Consensus on Gastroparesis: What Issues Remain Unresolved? by A. A. Sheptulin, A. S. Trukhmanov, O. A. Storonova, D. E. Rumyantseva

“…At the same time, there is a divergence of views regarding the role of individual pathogenetic factors of gastroparesis and their relationship with clinical symptoms, as well as the effectiveness of drugs of various groups and other treatment methods.Conclusion. The pathophysiological mechanisms of gastroparesis and the effectiveness of various treatment methods need further research.…”
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Unmasking the Enigma: Influenza Vaccine and the Rare Case of Post-Vaccination Pericarditis by Ekrem Yetiskul, Alaukika Agarwal, Gaetano Di Pietro, Faris Qaqish, Salman Khan, Shahkar Khan

“…Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms behind vaccine-induced pericarditis and recognizing the clinical presentation are essential for healthcare professionals to diagnose, manage, and educate patients appropriately.…”
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Bone Loss Triggered by the Cytokine Network in Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases by Dulshara Sachini Amarasekara, Jiyeon Yu, Jaerang Rho

“…Here, we review and discuss the involvement of the inflammatory cytokine network in the pathophysiological aspects and the therapeutic advances in inflammatory autoimmune diseases.…”
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Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy as an Early Complication of Drug-Induced Suicide Attempt by Massimo Romanò, Federica Zorzoli, Roberta Bertona, Rosvaldo Villani

“…Here, however, we document the case of a young male patient with borderline personality disorder and a clinical and angiographic presentation compatible with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy arising following a suicide attempt by voluntary drug intoxication (risperidone, barbiturates, and benzodiazepine). The potential pathophysiological mechanisms behind this unusual clinical picture are discussed.…”
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Anesthetic Management of a Surgical Patient with Chronic Renal Tubular Acidosis Complicated by Subclinical Hypothyroidism by Hiroe Yoshioka, Haruyuki Yamazaki, Rie Yasumura, Kosuke Wada, Yoshiro Kobayashi

“…Perioperative acid-base management in such patients poses many difficulties because both pathophysiologies have the potential to complicate the interpretation of capnometry and arterial blood gas analysis data; inappropriate correction of chronic metabolic acidosis may lead to postoperative respiratory deterioration. …”
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