Alcohol-induced gut microbial reorganization and associated overproduction of phenylacetylglutamine promotes cardiovascular disease by Zhen Li, Min Gu, Aline Zaparte, Xiaoming Fu, Kala Mahen, Marko Mrdjen, Xinmin S. Li, Zhihong Yang, Jing Ma, Themis Thoudam, Kristina Chandler, Maggie Hesler, Laura Heathers, Kiersten Gorse, Thanh Trung Van, David Wong, Aaron M. Gibson, Zeneng Wang, Christopher M. Taylor, Pearl Quijada, Catherine A. Makarewich, Stanley L. Hazen, Suthat Liangpunsakul, J. Mark Brown, David J. Lefer, David A. Welsh, Thomas E. Sharp

“…In a male murine binge-on-chronic alcohol model, we confirm gut microbial reorganization, elevation in PAGln levels, and the presence of cardiovascular pathophysiology. Fecal microbiota transplantation from pair-/alcohol-fed mice into naïve male mice demonstrates the transmissibility of PAGln production and the CVD phenotype. …”
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Exploring Azithromycin’s Neuroprotective Role in Traumatic Brain Injury: Insights into Cognitive and Motor Recovery and Neuroinflammatory Modulation by Mohannad A. Almikhlafi, Nehad A. Abdallah, Aakash Kumar, Tarun Sharma, Zuber Khan, Haifa A. Fadil, Sultan Althagfan, Ahmed K. B. Aljohani, Sara A. Almadani, Samar F. Miski, Tahani Saeedi, Rayan S. Alharbi, Abdulrahman M. Al-Harthe, Mohammed H. Alsubhi, Hanaa Wanas, Ahmed Aldhafiri, Sidharth Mehan, Hossein M. Elbadawy

“…Conclusions: AZI was shown to interfere with several pathways involved in TBI’s pathophysiology. While preclinical results are promising, further studies are necessary to establish the long-term safety and efficacy of AZI in a clinical setting. …”
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Phenotypic Trajectories From Acute to Stable Phase in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Insights From the PURSUIT‐HFpEF Study by Yuki Matsuoka, Yohei Sotomi, Daisaku Nakatani, Katsuki Okada, Akihiro Sunaga, Hirota Kida, Taiki Sato, Daisuke Sakamoto, Tetsuhisa Kitamura, Sho Komukai, Masahiro Seo, Masamichi Yano, Takaharu Hayashi, Akito Nakagawa, Yusuke Nakagawa, Shunsuke Tamaki, Yoshio Yasumura, Takahisa Yamada, Shungo Hikoso, Yasushi Sakata

“…Background Using machine learning for the phenotyping of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has emerged as a novel approach to understanding the pathophysiology and stratifying the patients. Our objective is to perform phenotyping of patients with HFpEF in stable phase and to investigate the phenotypic trajectory from acute worsening phase to stable phase. …”
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Macropinocytosis enhances foamy macrophage formation and cholesterol crystallization to activate NLRP3 inflammasome after spinal cord injury by Chenxi Zhang, Shujie Zhao, Zhenfei Huang, Ao Xue, Hao Liu, Siming Dai, Ziyang Zheng, Yin Li, Xiaodong Guo, Jun Gu, Feng Zhang, Fubing Wang, Yongxiang Wang, Xiaohua Zhou, Shujun Zhang, Hanwen Zhang, Jun Shen, Jian Chen, Guoyong Yin

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A review of literature of a functional, congenital intrathoracic kidney by Sahil Sabharwal, Brandyn Young, Sarat Sabharwal, Kristen Brandon, Sarah Assem

“…Further research and documentation is essential not only to provide optimal care in this patient, but to better understand the pathophysiology and management of renal ectopia for future patients.…”
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Mechanical Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era: A Critical Challenge in the Intensive Care Units by Mircea Stoian, Adina Andone, Sergiu Rareș Bândilă, Danusia Onișor, Sergiu Ștefan Laszlo, Gabriela Lupu, Alina Danielescu, Dragoș-Florin Baba, Anca Meda Văsieșiu, Andrei Manea, Adina Stoian

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Identification of common and specific fibrosis-related genes in three common chronic kidney diseases by Zhangning Fu, Xiaodong Geng, Chao Liu, Wanjun Shen, Zheyi Dong, Guannan Sun, Guangyan Cai, Xiangmei Chen, Quan Hong

“…This study provides further insight into the pathophysiology and treatment of fibrotic kidney disease.…”
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Characterization of cellular immune system at different ages in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) by Maria C. Scata’, Giovanna De Matteis, Francesco Grandoni, Gabriele Di Vuolo, Giovanna Cappelli, Domenico Vecchio

“… The immune system is part of a regulatory network linking physiology, pathophysiology and behavior and it can be regarded as a source of biomarkers for monitoring health and animal welfare. …”
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Association between relative telomere length and a genetic variant of SIRT1 gene and age-related macular degeneration by L.K. Moshetova, O.P. Dmitrenko, O.I. Abramova, N.S. Karpova, K.I. Turkina, I.N. Saburina

“…Saburina^2,3</b> </p> <p> <b>¹Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation</b> </p> <p> <b>²Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russian Federation</b> </p> <p> <b>³Research Institute of Molecular and Personalized Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation</b> </p> <p> <i>One of the most important factors predisposing to the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is aging. …”
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Innovación en sueño by Laura Vigil, Toni Zapata, Andrea Grau, Marta Bonet, Montserrat Montaña, María Piñar

“…In addition, techniques such as cluster analysis are used to identify symptomatic patterns and phenotypes, which improves understanding of OSA pathophysiology and optimizes CPAP treatment.However, implementation of AI in hospitals faces technological, ethical, and legal barriers. …”
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Clinical determinants and prognostic implications of renin and aldosterone in patients with symptomatic heart failure by Masatake Kobayashi, Susan Stienen, Jozine M. terMaaten, Kenneth Dickstein, Nilesh J. Samani, Chim C. Lang, Leong L. Ng, Stefan D. Anker, Macro Metra, Gregoire Preud'homme, Kevin Duarte, Zohra Lamiral, Nicolas Girerd, Patrick Rossignol, Dirk J. vanVeldhuisen, Adriaan A. Voors, Faiez Zannad, João Pedro Ferreira

“…Abstract Aims Activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system plays an important role in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) and has been associated with poor prognosis. …”
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Metabolic Alteration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanism of Lipid Accumulation in Well-Differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Hideo Suzuki, Motoyuki Kohjima, Masatake Tanaka, Takeshi Goya, Shinji Itoh, Tomoharu Yoshizumi, Masaki Mori, Mariko Tsuda, Motoi Takahashi, Miho Kurokawa, Koji Imoto, Shigeki Tashiro, Akifumi Kuwano, Masaki Kato, Seiji Okada, Makoto Nakamuta, Yoshihiro Ogawa

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Eosinophilic esophagitis in children: A multicenter study evaluating current practices in Mexico by Victor Gonzalez-Uribe, MD, MSc, Luis A. Hernandez-Zarate, MD, Cesar F. Pozo Beltran, MD, Christian R. Alcocer-Arreguin, MD, Paola de Baro Alvarez, MD, MEd, Natalia Coello-Niembro, MD, Pablo Jimenez-Feria, MD, Zaira S. Mojica Gonzalez, MD, Carlos Andres Gomez-Nuñez, MD, Ricardo Martinez-Tenopala, MD, Martín R. Basile-Alvarez, MD, Berenice Velasco-Benhumea, MD, Roberto Fernandez-Soto, MD, Daniela E. García-Fajardo, MD, Herberth Perez-Avilés, MD, Cesar Pinto-Solis, MD, Luis A. Rios-Villalobos, MD, Roberto Ureña-Ortiz, MD, Leticia Lezama-Vazquez, MD, Patricio Acosta-Rodriguez-Bueno, MD, MSc, Blanca Estela Del Rio-Navarro, MD

“…The presence of IgG4-positive plasma cells suggests a potential role in EoE pathophysiology. Further research is needed to establish effective treatment guidelines and confirm the potential of dupilumab as a therapeutic option.…”
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Correlation of newer inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study by Swetha Akkina, Srikanth Akula, Rajeev Gandham, Preethi Batakala, Bhagyalakshmi Atla, Divija Reddy Bonthu, Sunkara Uha Priya

“…Chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with the pathophysiology of DM. Aims and Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the levels of neutrophil-to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and other inflammatory markers in T2DM patients and their correlation with blood sugar and HbA1c. …”
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The HFA‐PEFF score identifies ‘early‐HFpEF’ phenogroups associated with distinct biomarker profiles by Michiel T.H.M. Henkens, Anne‐Mar vanOmmen, Sharon Remmelzwaal, Gideon B. Valstar, Ping Wang, Job A.J. Verdonschot, Mark R. Hazebroek, Leonard Hofstra, Vanessa P.M. vanEmpel, Joline W.J. Beulens, Hester M. denRuijter, Stephane R.B. Heymans

“…The newly identified phenogroups accompanied by their circulating biomarkers profile might aid in a better understanding of the pathophysiological processes involved during the early stages of the HFpEF syndrome.…”
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A review on eye diseases induced by blue light: pathology, model, active ingredients and mechanisms by Yuan Yan, Yuan Yan, Yuan Yan, Yiyao Wu, Yiyao Wu, Yiyao Wu, Yu Zhao, Yu Zhao, Yu Zhao, Yaguang Yang, Yaguang Yang, Yaguang Yang, Guangtao An, Guangtao An, Guangtao An, Zhidong Liu, Zhidong Liu, Zhidong Liu, Zhidong Liu, Dongli Qi, Dongli Qi, Dongli Qi

“…Therefore, further exploration and research are needed on the pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and pharmacological mechanisms of blue light injury. …”
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FGF21 and APOA1 mRNA-based therapies for the treatment of experimental acute pancreatitis by Amaya Lopez-Pascual, Eva Santamaria, Nuria Ardaiz, Iker Uriarte, Tiffany Palmer, Anne-Renee Graham, Celia Gomar, Roberto C. Barbero, M. Ujue Latasa, Maria Arechederra, Jesus M. Urman, Carmen Berasain, Antonio Fontanellas, Carlos L. del Rio, Maite G. Fernandez-Barrena, Paolo G.V. Martini, Joshua R. Schultz, Pedro Berraondo, Matias A. Avila

“…The complex etiology and pathophysiology of AP emphasize the need for innovative treatments. …”
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An open-label study evaluating the safety and efficacy of AMO-01 for the treatment of seizures in Phelan-McDermid syndrome by Tess Levy, J. Lloyd Holder, Jr., Joseph P. Horrigan, Michael F. Snape, Alison McMorn, Christina Layton, Hailey Silver, Kate Friedman, Hannah Grosman, Slayton Underwood, Danielle Halpern, Jessica Zweifach, Paige M. Siper, Alexander Kolevzon

“…Converging lines of evidence in different experimental models indicate that the Ras-ERK pathway is implicated in the pathophysiology of seizure generation and neurobehavioral symptoms in PMS. …”
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Clinical and molecular outcomes from the 5-Year natural history study of SSADH Deficiency, a model metabolic neurodevelopmental disorder by Itay Tokatly Latzer, Jean-Baptiste Roullet, Wardiya Afshar-Saber, Henry H. C. Lee, Mariarita Bertoldi, Gabrielle E. McGinty, Melissa L. DiBacco, Erland Arning, Melissa Tsuboyama, Alexander Rotenberg, Thomas Opladen, Kathrin Jeltsch, Àngels García-Cazorla, Natalia Juliá-Palacios, K. Michael Gibson, Mustafa Sahin, Phillip L. Pearl

“…Conclusions Findings from the SSADHD Natural History Study converge with iPSC and animal model work focused on a common disorder within our IDDRC, deepening our knowledge of the pathophysiology and longitudinal clinical course of a complex neurodevelopmental disorder. …”
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Sickle Cell Anemia Patients Display an Intricate Cellular and Serum Biomarker Network Highlighted by TCD4+CD69+ Lymphocytes, IL-17/MIP-1β, IL-12/VEGF, and IL-10/IP-10 Axis by Nadja Pinto Garcia, Alexander Leonardo S. Júnior, Geyse Adriana S. Soares, Thainá Cristina C. Costa, Alicia Patrine C. dos Santos, Allyson Guimarães Costa, Andréa Monteiro Tarragô, Rejane Nina Martins, Flávia do Carmo Leão Pontes, Emerson Garcia de Almeida, Erich Vinícius de Paula, Olindo Assis Martins-Filho, Adriana Malheiro

“…Conclusion. In the SCA pathophysiology at steady state, there is a broad immunological biomarker crosstalk highlighted by TCD4+CD69+ lymphocytes, IL-12 and IL-17 inflammatory and IL-10 regulatory cytokines, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and IP-10 chemokines, and VEGF growth factor. …”
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