The Diagnosis and Treatment of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusions: An Update by Diana-Maria Darabuş, Rodica Georgiana Dărăbuş, Mihnea Munteanu

“…By focusing on BRVO, this review aims to address the specific challenges and advancements in its diagnosis and management. The pathophysiology of BRVO is complex, involving factors such as venous compression, inflammation, and increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). …”
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Antenatal Bartter Syndrome: A Review by Y. Ramesh Bhat, G. Vinayaka, K. Sreelakshmi

“…In this paper, authors present classification, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, complications, and prognosis of ABS.…”
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COVID-19: Gastrointestinal Manifestations and Complications by Angel Yun-Kuan Thye, Priyia Pusparajah, Loh Teng-Hern Tan, Jodi Woan-Fei Law, Vengadesh Letchumanan, Learn-Han Lee

“…We will also discuss the possible pathophysiology of COVID-19 related gastrointestinal involvement. …”
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ATM in immunobiology: From lymphocyte development to cancer immunotherapy by Ji-Hoon Lee

“…This review synthesizes current knowledge on ATM's functions in the immune system, offering insights into the pathophysiology of ATM-related disorders and potential therapeutic strategies for immune-related conditions and cancer immunotherapy.…”
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Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Review of Current Management Practices by Hannah Yu, Sophia Choi, Rodney Guiseppi, Touka Banaee

“…The current article aims to provide a review of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of RAO in addition to presenting a systematic review of recently published studies on treatment options for RAO. …”
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TGF-β1/Smads and miR-21 in Renal Fibrosis and Inflammation by Agnieszka Loboda, Mateusz Sobczak, Alicja Jozkowicz, Jozef Dulak

“…Recent findings indicate the prominent role of microRNAs, small noncoding RNA molecules that inhibit gene expression through the posttranscriptional repression of their target mRNAs, in different pathologic conditions, including renal pathophysiology. miR-21 was also shown to play a dynamic role in inflammatory responses and in accelerating injury responses to promote organ failure and fibrosis. …”
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Management of Pain in Children with Burns by M. Gandhi, C. Thomson, D. Lord, S. Enoch

“…This clinical review article discusses the essential aspects of the pathophysiology of burns in children provides an overview of pain assessment, the salient principles in managing pain, and the essential pharmacodynamics of commonly used drugs in children with burn injuries. …”
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Testosterone Replacement Therapy in the Treatment of Depression by Danyon J. Anderson, Parsia Vazirnia, Catherine Loehr, Whitney Sternfels, Jamal Hasoon, Omar Viswanath, Alan D. Kaye, Ivan Urits

“…# Background Depression is a common disorder that affects millions globally and is linked to reduced quality of life and mortality. Its pathophysiology is complex and there are several forms of treatment proposed in the literature with differing side effect profiles. …”
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Combination Immunosuppressive Therapy in Primary Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease in Pregnancy by Saikrishna Ananthapadmanabhan, Joe Jabbour, David Brown, Vanaja Sivapathasingam

“…Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) is a rare disorder characterized by rapidly progressive, sensorineural hearing loss that demonstrates good responsiveness to corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy. The pathophysiology is likely driven by chronic trafficking of immune cells into the inner ear, targeting inner ear proteins to coordinate inflammation. …”
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Aduhelm, a novel anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody, for the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: A comprehensive review by Hannah W. Haddad, Garett W. Malone, Nicholas J. Comardelle, Arielle E. Degueure, Salomon Poliwoda, Rachel J. Kaye, Kevin S. Murnane, Adam M Kaye, Alan D. Kaye

“…The present investigation describes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, presentation, and current treatment of AD followed by the role of the novel monoclonal antibody, Adulhelm, in the treatment of AD. …”
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The WAVE complex in developmental and adulthood brain disorders by Hyung-Goo Kim, Clara Berdasco, Angus C. Nairn, Yong Kim

“…In addition, alterations in the WAVE complex are implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, as well as in behavioral adaptations to psychostimulants or maladaptive feeding.…”
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In silico analysis of ventricular action potential with a current–voltage‐time representation: Thresholds, membrane resistance, repolarization reserve by Massimiliano Zaniboni

“…Abstract The waveform of ventricular action potential (AP) is a key determinant of the cardiac cycle, a marker of beating pathophysiology, and a target for anti‐arrhythmic drug design. …”
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Relevance of Sympathetic Nervous System Activation in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome by Alicia A. Thorp, Markus P. Schlaich

“…This review will discuss the regulatory role of the sympathetic nervous system in metabolic control and the proposed pathophysiology linking sympathetic overactivity to metabolic abnormalities. …”
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Comparison of Plasma Neurosteroid and Prolactin Levels in Patients with Schizophrenia and Healthy Individuals by Forough Riahi, Maryam Izadi-mazidi, Ali Ghaffari, Elham Yousefi, Shahram Khademvatan

“…This study indicated that abnormal testosterone and prolactin levels might be associated with pathophysiology of schizophrenia disorder.…”
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Applications of Multimodal Imaging in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Evaluation by Mary Ho, Gabriel Li, Andrew Mak, Danny Ng, Lawrence Iu, Frank Lai

“…Evolution of new imaging techniques including optical coherence tomography angiography, wide-field imaging, and en face reconstruction imaging has also contributed to better understandings of the pathophysiology of CSCR. This review article summarizes the features of multimodal imaging for CSCR and discusses the application of such features in evaluating the disease.…”
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Biomarker-Based Targeting of the Androgen-Androgen Receptor Axis in Advanced Prostate Cancer by Manish Kohli, Rui Qin, Rafael Jimenez, Scott M. Dehm

“…This paper will summarize the potential in developing predictive biomarkers based on the pathophysiology of the androgen-AR axis in tumor tissue from patients with advanced prostate cancer as well as inherited variation in the patient’s genome. …”
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Relationship between Zinc (Zn2+) and Glutamate Receptors in the Processes Underlying Neurodegeneration by Bartłomiej Pochwat, Gabriel Nowak, Bernadeta Szewczyk

“…Due to the fact that the free pool of ion Zn2+ is a cotransmitter in some glutamate neurons; the role of this element in the pathophysiology of a neurodegenerative diseases has been intensively studied. …”
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Tendon Stem/Progenitor Cells and Their Interactions with Extracellular Matrix and Mechanical Loading by Chuanxin Zhang, Jun Zhu, Yiqin Zhou, Bhavani P. Thampatty, James H-C. Wang

“…Finally, future research efforts are suggested, which include using specific gene knockout models and single-cell transcription profiling to enable a broad and deep understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of tendons.…”
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Ganglioneuroma of the External Auditory Canal and Middle Ear by Hesham Saleh Almofada, Michael Steven Timms, M. Anas Dababo

“…Ganglioneuroma maturing from neuroblastoma is one of the theories describing pathophysiology of the disease. Ganglioneuroma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with recurrent ear discharge and decreased hearing in treated cases of neuroblastoma with metastases to temporal bone.…”
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A Comprehensive Review of Zavegepant as Abortive Treatment for Migraine by Nazir Noor, Alexis Angelette, Abby Lawson, Anjana Patel, Ivan Urits, Omar Viswanath, Cyrus Yazdi, Alan D. Kaye

“…The International Headache Society has defined criteria for the diagnosis of migraine with and without aura. The pathophysiology of migraine headaches is multifactorial so there are a variety of treatment approaches. …”
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