Systemic Inflammation and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Too Much, Not Enough by Wim Laleman, Joan Claria, Schalk Van der Merwe, Richard Moreau, Jonel Trebicka

“…The management of patients with ACLF is still poorly defined. However, as its pathophysiology is gradually being unravelled, potential therapeutic targets emerge that warrant further study such as restoring or substituting albumin via plasma exchange or via albumin dialysis and evaluating usefulness of TLR4 antagonists, modulators of gut dysbiosis (pre- or probiotics), and FXR-agonists.…”
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Ferroptosis: mechanism and role in diabetes-related cardiovascular diseases by Ziyi Wang, Chao Wu, Dong Yin, Kefei Dou

“…Further study on ferroptosis-mediated cardiac injury can enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiovascular diseases and provide more potential therapeutic choices.…”
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The Relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Atrial Fibrillation: A Complex Interplay by Jacqueline M. Latina, N. A. Mark Estes, Ann C. Garlitski

“…This paper explores the pathophysiology of OSA which may predispose to AF, clinical implications of stroke risk in this cohort who display overlapping disease processes, and targeted treatment strategies such as continuous positive airway pressure and AF ablation.…”
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pitolisant, a novel histamine-3 receptor competitive antagonist, and inverse agonist, in the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in adult patients with narcolepsy by Noeen Sarfraz, David Okuampa, Hannah Hansen, Mark Alvarez, Elyse M. Cornett, Juyeon Kakazu, Adam M. Kaye, Alan D. Kaye

“…This review discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, presentation, treatment of narcolepsy, and the role of a novel drug, Pitolisant, in the treatment of EDS in adults with narcolepsy. …”
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The Potential of MicroRNAs as Novel Biomarkers for Transplant Rejection by Matthias Hamdorf, Satoru Kawakita, Matthew Everly

“…Understanding the regulatory interplay of relevant miRNAs and the rejecting allograft will result in a better understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of alloimmune injury.…”
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Leontiasis ossea in the setting of chronic kidney disease and limited dialysis access: A case report with discussion of therapeutic implications by Sebastian Maletz, BS, Zackery Beauchamp, MD, John Petrilli, MD, FAAFP

“…We provide a brief overview of the pathophysiology of leontiasis ossea, review imaging findings pertinent to the case presentation, and discuss relevant implications in the diagnosis and management of this disease.…”
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Preeclampsia in 2018: Revisiting Concepts, Physiopathology, and Prediction by J. Mayrink, M. L. Costa, J. G. Cecatti

“…The aim of this review is to discuss updates on the occurrence, concept, pathophysiology, repercussion, prevention, and prediction of preeclampsia.…”
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A Spontaneous Isolated Superior Mesenteric Artery Dissection Associated with Cocaine Abuse: A Pathomechanistic Association by Rayan S. El-Zein, Jeffrey Sobecki, Roy Greenberg, Michael Keleher, Robert A. Palma

“…Our report emphasizes the need to consider cocaine abuse in SISMAD pathophysiology, risk stratification, and treatment algorithms in future studies.…”
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A Practical Review of Cytomegalovirus in Gastroenterology and Hepatology by Ali Y. Fakhreddine, Catherine T. Frenette, Gauree G. Konijeti

“…This review will focus on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of CMV in patient populations relevant to the practice of gastroenterology and hepatology—liver transplant recipients, inflammatory bowel disease patients, and otherwise immunocompetent patients.…”
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Myocardial Viability: What We Knew and What Is New by Adel Shabana, Ayman El-Menyar

“…This paper summarizes the pathophysiology, methods, and impact of detection of myocardial viability, concentrating on recent advances in such methods. …”
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Epigenetic Modulation of Microglia Function and Phenotypes in Neurodegenerative Diseases by Li Wang, Chao-Chao Yu, Xin-Yuan Liu, Xiao-Ni Deng, Qing Tian, Yan-Jun Du

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Hypoxia Inducible Factor Pathway and Physiological Adaptation: A Cell Survival Pathway? by Hemant Kumar, Dong-Kug Choi

“…Hypoxia plays a key role in the pathophysiology of heart disease, cancers, stroke, and other causes of mortality. …”
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Sarcopenia: A Major Challenge in Elderly Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease by Maciej Domański, Kazimierz Ciechanowski

“…Therefore, in the paper we present the reasons and pathophysiology of sarcopenia as an important element of protein energy wasting (PEW) in elderly patients suffering from chronic kidney disease. …”
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Pharmacological Management of Cardiorenal Syndromes by Andrew A. House, Mikko Haapio, Johan Lassus, Rinaldo Bellomo, Claudio Ronco

“…Hence, a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology of these disorders is paramount. The treatment of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors may affect renal function and modify the progression of renal injury. …”
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Mirtazapine Treatment of a Severe Depressive Episode and Resolution of Elevated Inflammatory Markers by Shahzad M. Alikhan, Jessica A. Lee, Luiz Dratcu

“…Further studies of antidepressant responses to mirtazapine and levels of inflammatory markers in depressed patients without medical comorbidity can help elucidate the role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of depression, and hence contribute to the development of novel antidepressant therapies.…”
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Ethical Dilemma in Diabetes Wound Care: A Literature Review by Harsah Bahtiar Zainudin, Tantut Susanto

“…They must have a comprehensive knowledge of diabetic wounds, including their pathophysiology, complications, and treatment options. …”
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From memory impairment to two occluders in the heart – a multidisciplinary case report by A. Wiśniewski, K. Filipska, A. Ekkert

“…In contrast to ischemic stroke, atrial fibrillation (AF) and patent foramen ovale (PFO) are relatively rarely reported in the pathophysiology of acute memory impairment. In most cases, no visible lesion is detected on neuroimaging. …”
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Preeclampsia and Stroke: Risks during and after Pregnancy by Cheryl Bushnell, Monique Chireau

“…This overlap provides insights into underlying pathophysiology and potential preventive strategies for both preeclampsia and stroke. …”
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Inflammation in Diabetic Nephropathy by Andy K. H. Lim, Gregory H. Tesch

“…The genetic and pharmacological approaches which reduce inflammation in diabetic nephropathy have not only enhanced our understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease but shown promise as potential therapeutic strategies.…”
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Extensive Bone Marrow Necrosis: Initial Presentation in Sickle Cell Anemia—A Case Report and Review of the Literature by Sameera A. Alsafwani, Abdulwahed Al-Saeed, Rehab Bukhamsin

“…Bone marrow necrosis (BMN) is a rare clinical entity that was first described in an autopsy of a sickle cell disease (SCD) patient and is defined as ill-defined necrotic cells in an amorphous eosinophilic background with preservation of cortical bone. The pathophysiology of BMN is not well known; however, occlusion of the bone marrow microcirculation with subsequent hypoxia and cell injury has been thought to be common underlying features. …”
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