Exercise Induced Adipokine Changes and the Metabolic Syndrome by Saeid Golbidi, Ismail Laher

“…Obesity is characterized by the deposition of adipose tissue in various parts of the body; it is now evident that adipose tissue also acts as an endocrine organ capable of secreting many cytokines that are though to be involved in the pathophysiology of obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. …”
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Targeting Drug Delivery to the Lungs by Inhalation by C. O'Callaghan

“…In addition, the anatomy and pathophysiology of the patient's respiratory tract, mode of inhalation through the inhaler, and the characteristics of the inhalational device itself, may significantly affect drug deposition.…”
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Alpha-gal syndrome and the gastrointestinal reaction: a narrative review by Susan B. H. Propst, Dorothea K. Thompson, Dorothea K. Thompson

“…Here we provide an updated review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of AGS. …”
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Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing: Deciphering Cardiovascular Complications in Systemic Sclerosis by Ailia Giubertoni, Mattia Bellan, Luca Cumitini, Giuseppe Patti

“…In this context, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a useful tool for diagnosing exercise intolerance, elucidating its pathophysiology, and assessing its prognosis. CPET can also identify patients with SSc at higher risk of developing PAH. …”
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Case Study: Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis in the Femoral Diaphysis of a Young Female by Jeffrey S. Quon, Anne K. Dzus, David A. Leswick

“…We also review the pathophysiology, imaging findings, and therapeutic approach to this uncommon but clinically important condition.…”
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Role of MicroRNA in Governing Synaptic Plasticity by Yuqin Ye, Hongyu Xu, Xinhong Su, Xiaosheng He

“…More importantly, the miRNA-mediated regulation of synaptic plasticity is not only responsible for synapse development and function but also involved in the pathophysiology of plasticity-related diseases. A review is made here on the function of miRNAs in governing synaptic plasticity, emphasizing the emerging regulatory role of individual miRNAs in synaptic morphological and functional plasticity, as well as their implications in neurological disorders. …”
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Previable Preeclampsia Diagnosed by Renal Biopsy in Setting of Novel Diagnosis of C4 Glomerulopathy by Jessica Parrott, Timothy A. Fields, Marc Parrish

“…The lectin complement pathway may play a role in the pathophysiology of severe, early onset preeclampsia. Renal biopsy may play an integral role in diagnosis.…”
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Connectome-based prediction of functional impairment in experimental stroke models. by Oliver Schmitt, Peter Eipert, Yonggang Wang, Atsushi Kanoke, Gratianne Rabiller, Jialing Liu

“…Experimental rat models of stroke and hemorrhage are important tools to investigate cerebrovascular disease pathophysiology mechanisms, yet how significant patterns of functional impairment induced in various models of stroke are related to changes in connectivity at the level of neuronal populations and mesoscopic parcellations of rat brains remain unresolved. …”
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Suxamethonium-Induced Hyperkalemia: A Short Review of Causes and Recommendations for Clinical Applications by Henrik Lynge Hovgaard, Peter Juhl-Olsen

“…This review serves as a reminder of the pathophysiology behind extensive potassium release. Proficiency in the use of suxamethonium includes identification of patients at risk, and selection of an alternative neuromuscular blocking agent is imperative.…”
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Asymmetric Dimethyl Arginine as a Biomarker of Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis by Manuela Di Franco, Bruno Lucchino, Fabrizio Conti, Guido Valesini, Francesca Romana Spinelli

“…Despite the advent on new drugs targeting the articular manifestations, the burden of cardiovascular disease is still an unmet need in the management of RA. The pathophysiology of accelerated atherosclerosis associated to RA is not yet fully understood, and reliable and specific markers of early cardiovascular involvement are still lacking. …”
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Recent advances in the management of chronic ankle instability by Yimeng Yang, Yang Wu, Wenhui Zhu

“…The present review aims to provide an extensive overview of CAI, encompassing its pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical assessment, treatment, and rehabilitation. …”
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Ferroptosis: A New Pathway in the Interaction between Gut Microbiota and Multiple Sclerosis by Junjie Jian, Jun Wei

“…Recent advancements highlight a novel interaction between iron-dependent cell death, known as ferroptosis, and gut microbiota, which may significantly influences the pathophysiology of MS. Ferroptosis, driven by lipid peroxidation and tightly linked to iron metabolism, is a pivotal contributor to the oxidative stress observed in MS. …”
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Relapsing Polychondritis in a Patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis Using Etanercept by Valderilio Feijó Azevedo, Natalia Bassalobre Galli, Alais Daiane Fadini Kleinfelder, Julia Farabolini D’Ippolito, Andressa Gulin Tolentino, Eduardo Paiva

“…Its etiology is not well understood, but some studies have linked its pathophysiology with autoimmune disease and autoantibody production. …”
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Probiotics in Depression Management: Efficacy, Mechanisms and Future Directions by Learn-Han Lee

“…It is characterized by persistent sadness, anhedonia, fatigue, sleep disturbances, cognitive dysfunction, and in severe cases, suicidal ideation. The pathophysiology is often attributed to neurotransmitter imbalances, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction, and inflammation. …”
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Rare Case Studies of Bilateral and Symmetric Sacroiliac Disease by Stephen Soloway, Alyxandra M. Soloway, Tyler G. Chin, Timothy Lieske

“…The meaning of SIJ widening, cortical irregularity, spurs, and the significance of the anterior inferior SI joints, bone marrow edema, and fusion (namely, the natural history of sacroiliac pathophysiology).…”
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Body Stalk Anomaly in a 9-Week Pregnancy by Fabio E. Quijano, María Mónica Rey, Mariana Echeverry, Roland Axt-Fliedner

“…Body stalk anomaly is a rare and severe malformation syndrome in which the exact pathophysiology and trigger factors are still unknown. …”
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Cellular cross-talk drives mesenchymal transdifferentiation in diabetic kidney disease by Arunita Chatterjee, Jacqueline Tumarin, Sharma Prabhakar

“…The focus of this review is to provide a general description of cell-to-cell cross-talk in the diabetic kidney and to highlight these concepts with evidence in relation to the physiology and pathophysiology of DKD.…”
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Headache attributed to ischemic stroke – a new scope for management: a case study by Elsayed Abed, Ahmad Farag El-adawey, Mohamed Hamed Rashad, Ahmed Hassan Elsheshiny, Ali Mahmoud Ali, Fathy Mahmoud Mansour, Abdel-Ghaffar Fayed, Mohammad Fathi Abdulsalam, Shaimaa Sayed Khater

“…Understanding the exact pathophysiology, and recognition of the most clinical and radiological predictors can help to provide good management and open scope for prophylactic approaches. …”
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Fibromyalgia: Presentation and Management with a Focus on Pharmacological Treatment by Janice E Sumpton, Dwight E Moulin

“…Recent advances in the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia offer hope for new and improved therapies in the management of this disabling condition.…”
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Cerebrovascular Complications in Bacterial Meningitis by Shahrzad S. Deliran, Matthijs C. Brouwer, Diederik van de Beek

“…Although our understanding of the pathophysiology is evolving, there remains a need for novel treatment strategies to address these complications.…”
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