Disruption in the Blood-Brain Barrier: The Missing Link between Brain and Body Inflammation in Bipolar Disorder? by Jay P. Patel, Benicio N. Frey

“…Considering the increasing role of inflammation and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD), here we propose a novel model wherein transient or persistent disruption of BBB integrity is associated with decreased CNS protection and increased permeability of proinflammatory (e.g., cytokines, reactive oxygen species) substances from the peripheral blood into the brain. …”
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Alcohol Use Disorder and the Gut–Brain Axis: A Narrative Review of the Role of Gut Microbiota and Implications for Treatment by Shikha Shukla, Cynthia L. Hsu

“…Finally, we review the current evidence on gut microbial-directed therapies for AUD and discuss the implications of this research for our understanding of the pathophysiology of AUD and future research directions.…”
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Renal Manifestations of IgG4-Related Disease: A Concise Review by Shahrukh T. Towheed, Wayel Zanjir, Kevin Yi Mi Ren, Jocelyn Garland, Marie Clements-Baker

“…Due to its relatively recent discovery and limited understanding of its pathophysiology, IgG4-related disease may be difficult to recognize and is consequently potentially underdiagnosed. …”
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Localised swelling at sites of dermal filler injections following administration of Covid-19 vaccines: a systematic review by Chew Lip Ng, Evelyn Yuxin Tay, Alwyn Ray D’Souza

“…Methods: We conducted a review of the existing data and literature on the potential pathophysiology for this adverse event and its potential management. …”
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Evidence for local inflammation in complex regional pain syndrome type 1 by Frank J. P. M. Huygen, Anke G. J. de Bruijn, Martha T. de Bruin, J. George Groeneweg, Jan Klein, Freek J. Zijlstra

“…Background: The pathophysiology of complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS 1) is still a matter of debate. …”
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Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema Syndrome: A New Phenotype within the Spectrum of Smoking-Related Interstitial Lung Disease by Karina Portillo, Josep Morera

“…Tobacco smoking has been proposed as the main factor in its etiology, though the pathophysiology and its natural history remain to be determined. …”
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Understanding schizophrenia through animal models: The role of environmental stressors by Manojlović Marina

“…These models allow controlled manipulation of environmental challenges and provide insights into the aetiology and pathophysiology of the disease. However, the variability of experimental protocols and lack of female representation in many studies underscore the need for more robust and inclusive animal models. …”
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Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis: the Role of Histamine by M. Andersson, L. Greiff, C. Svensson

“…The increased knowledge of the underlying pathophysiology suggests that multiple inflammatory mediators are involved in the pathogenesis of the allergic reaction in the ocular and nasal mucosa. …”
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Pigmented purpuric dermatoses: A review by Neema Shekhar, Ranjan Eeshaan, Durga Madhab Tripathy, Mani Siddharth, Oberoi Bhavni

“…Although the precise cause of PPD is as yet unknown, increased vascular permeability and capillary fragility are key factors in its pathophysiology. PPD has diverse clinical presentations, but the histopathology of all these variants essentially remains the same. …”
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Genetic Cholestasis: Lessons from the Molecular Physiology of Bile Formation by Peter LM Jansen, Michael Müller

“…PFIC types 1 and 2 occur due to mutations in loci at chromosome 18 and chromosome 2, respectively. The pathophysiology of PFIC type 1 is not well understood. …”
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Scorpion Venom and the Inflammatory Response by Vera L. Petricevich

“…The clinical signs and symptoms observed in humans and experimental animals are related with an excessive systemic host inflammatory response to stings and stings, respectively. Although the pathophysiology of envenomation is complex and not yet fully understood, venom and immune responses are known to trigger the release of inflammatory mediators that are largely mediated by cytokines. …”
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Florid Proliferation of Hyalinized Vessels in a Spermatic Cord STAT6 Positive Solitary Fibrous Tumor and Its Potential Clinical Implications by Christopher P. Marquez, Haiyan Zhang, Jason Goodrum, J. Nicholas Sreshta, Marjan Afrouzian

“…We also summarize our current understanding of the structural and molecular features that make up SFTs and discuss how these features may help us better understand the pathophysiology of pluripotent mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.…”
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The Role of Gut Microbiota Modification in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Treatment Strategies by Hessam Yaghmaei, Amirhossein Bahanesteh, Masood Soltanipur, Sobhan Takaloo, Mahdi Rezaei, Seyed Davar Siadat

“…Gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis seems to be an influential factor in the pathophysiology of NAFLD because changes in GM lead to fundamental changes in host metabolism. …”
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Ethynilestradiol 20 mcg plus Levonorgestrel 100 mcg: Clinical Pharmacology by Stefano Lello, Andrea Cavani

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Postpartum Hemorrhage by Michelle J. Wang, Yinka Oyelese, Yang Pan

“…This article reviews the impact of obstetric hemorrhage, the controversy regarding definitions, diagnosis, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of obstetric hemorrhage.…”
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Cardiac Dysrhythmias and Neurological Dysregulation: Manifestations of Profound Hypomagnesemia by Sagger Mawri, Edward Gildeh, Namita Joseph, Bobak Rabbani, Bryan Zweig

“…We herein discuss the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of severe hypomagnesemia and emphasize the implications of magnesium deficiency in the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. …”
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Craniomandibular Disorders and Mandibular Reference Position in Orthodontic Treatment by Farid Bourzgui, Hakima Aghoutan, Samir Diouny

“…Article classification was made by two authors, using the following structure outline: prevalence of craniomandibular disorders, its etiology and pathophysiology, occlusion and craniomandibular disorders, orthodontic treatment and CMD, and the mandibular reference position in orthodontics. …”
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The role of exogenous histamine in atopic dermatitis flare-ups by Zofia Kowalska, Joanna Narbutt

“…Histamine’s diverse physiological functions, its involvement in AD pathophysiology, and the potential implications of histamine intolerance and histamine overlay syndrome are examined. …”
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Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. A case report by Práxedes de Regla Rojas Quintana, Sandra Gómez Fonseca, Alejandrina Najarro Navarro

“…For years, this condition has questioned the actions of physicians due to its complex pathophysiology and devastating consequences for patients of reproductive age. …”
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Current Perspectives regarding Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease by Kyeong-Ah Kwak, Seung-Pyo Lee, Jin-Young Yang, Young-Seok Park

“…This review explores the pathophysiology of AD and summarizes the relevant stem cell research according to cell type. …”
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