Sirtuins in kidney homeostasis and disease: where are we now? by Zhongyu Fan, Xuejiao Wei, Xiaoyu Zhu, Yujun Du

“…Additionally, we detail advancements in elucidating sirtuin roles in the pathophysiology of both chronic and acute renal disorders. …”
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Current Controversies in Newer Therapies to Treat Birth Asphyxia by Pia Wintermark

“…Despite major advances in monitoring technology and knowledge of fetal and neonatal pathophysiology, neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains one of the main causes of severe adverse neurological outcome in children. …”
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Correlation between the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Multiple Sclerosis: Recent Understanding and Potential Application Perspectives by Qingqing Zhou, Rui Jia, Jingxia Dang

“…In this review, we aimed to discuss the inflammatory response in MS, mainly the function of lymphocytes and neutrophils, which can be implemented in the utility of NLR as a diagnostic tool in MS patients. The underlying pathophysiology is highlighted to identify new potential targets for neuroprotection and to develop novel therapeutic strategies.…”
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The Role of the Microbiome and Intestinal Mucosal Barrier in the Development and Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by T. S. Krolevets, M. A. Livzan, S. I. Mozgovoy

“…The results of modern studies confirm the formation of a new concept in the pathophysiology of NAFLD, which encourages the development of new therapeutic strategies.…”
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Fecal Impaction in the Rectum and Rectosigmoid Colon Secondary to Sunflower Seed Ingestion by Alexander Lyons, Jamie Lee, Kristen Cares

“…This case highlights the dangers and possible complications of seed ingestion even in small quantities in children along with the pathophysiology of impaction. This is one of the youngest cases reported in the United States involving the rectum and rectosigmoid colon with a sunflower bezoar.…”
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RP105-Negative B Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Syuichi Koarada, Yoshifumi Tada

“…RP105 may regulate B-cell activation, and RP105-negative B cells produce autoantibodies and take part in pathophysiology of SLE. It is possible that targeting RP105-negative B cells is one of the treatments of SLE. …”
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Parkinson's Disease: Clinical Signs and Symptoms, Neural Mechanisms, Positron Emission Tomography, and Therapeutic Interventions by K. L. Leenders, W. H. Oertel

“…This has increased our insight in the pathophysiology of the disease and permits direct study of disease progression at a biochemical level and equally to monitor whether potential neuroprotective interventions are indeed effective. …”
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NKT Cells in Sepsis by Briana Leung, Hobart W. Harris

“…Previous studies suggest that the pathophysiology of sepsis involves the hyperactivation of complex proinflammatory cascades that include the activation of various immune cells and the exuberant secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by these cells. …”
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Summary of Known Genetic and Epigenetic Modification Contributed to Hypertension by Tiar Masykuroh Pratamawati, Idrus Alwi, null Asmarinah

“…Consequently, elucidating the genetic and epigenetic mediators associated with hypertension is essential for better discernment of its pathophysiology. By deciphering the unprecedented molecular hypertension basis, it could help to unravel an individual’s inclination towards hypertension which eventually could result in an arrangement of potential strategies for prevention and therapy. …”
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Severe Hyponatremia-Induced Stress Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report and Review of Literature by Irushna Perera, Sanjeewa Rajapakse, Shamila T. De Silva

“…Although the presentation with acute central chest pain and shortness of breath mimics acute myocardial ischemia, there is an absence of actual disruption of cardiac blood supply via the coronaries due to acute plaque rupture or vascular spasm. The underlying pathophysiology of this clinical entity remains largely unclear, but a definite association with physical or emotional stress has been well established, hence the term “stress cardiomyopathy.” …”
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Ocular Surface Development and Gene Expression by Shivalingappa K. Swamynathan

“…A thorough appreciation of the biological characteristics of the ocular surface in terms of its gene expression profiles and their regulation provides us with a valuable insight into the pathophysiology of various blinding disorders that disrupt the normal development, maturation, and/or maintenance of the ocular surface. …”
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Postdural Puncture Headache by Ahmed Ghaleb

“…His paper discussed the pathophysiology of low-pressure headache resulting from leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid to the epidural space. …”
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Clinical Management of Malignant Glaucoma by Julie Foreman-Larkin, Peter A. Netland, Sarwat Salim

“…This review discusses pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, imaging modalities, and current treatment strategies for this rare form of secondary glaucoma.…”
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Biomarkers in Adult Dermatomyositis: Tools to Help the Diagnosis and Predict the Clinical Outcome by Charles Cassius, Hélène Le Buanec, Jean-David Bouaziz, Reyhan Amode

“…Dermatomyositis pathophysiology is complex. In recent years, medical research has identified molecules associated with disease activity. …”
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CMR in Heart Failure by Daniel M. Sado, Jonathan M. Hasleton, Anna S. Herrey, James C. Moon

“…Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a medical imaging technique with significant advantages, allowing the understanding of aetiology and pathophysiology of HF in the individual patient, permitting specific therapy to be administered and predicting prognosis. …”
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Genetics of Keratoconus: Where Do We Stand? by Khaled K. Abu-Amero, Abdulrahman M. Al-Muammar, Altaf A. Kondkar

“…Keratoconus has a complex multifactorial etiology, with environmental, behavioral, and multiple genetic components contributing to the disease pathophysiology. Using genome-wide and candidate gene approaches several genomic loci and genes have been identified that highlight the complex molecular etiology of this disease. …”
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The Biological and Metabolic Fates of Endogenous DNA Damage Products by Simon Wan Chan, Peter C. Dedon

“…DNA and other biomolecules are subjected to damaging chemical reactions during normal physiological processes and in states of pathophysiology caused by endogenous and exogenous mechanisms. …”
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The Role of Small Extracellular Vesicles and MicroRNAs in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis and Nasal Polyps by Yiting Liu, Jichao Sha, Cuida Meng, Dongdong Zhu

“…Although very detailed and in-depth studies on the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps have been conducted, few studies have assessed the regulatory effects of exosomes and microRNAs on allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps. …”
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Safety and Mode of Action of Diabetes Medications in comparison with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) by Peter R. Rehani, Hanaa Iftikhar, Motowo Nakajima, Tohru Tanaka, Zaid Jabbar, Riyadh N. Rehani

“…Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Thus, in this review, we evaluate the mechanisms of action and adverse effects of common medications used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as 5-ALA including its mechanism and possible use in diabetes management.…”
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A Rare Case of Adductor Longus Muscle Rupture by R. J. L. L. van de Kimmenade, C. J. A. van Bergen, P. J. E. van Deurzen, R. A. W. Verhagen

“…This report describes the anatomy, pathophysiology, and evidence-based treatment of adductor longus rupture.…”
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