Cytokines and Other Mediators in Alopecia Areata by Stamatis Gregoriou, Dafni Papafragkaki, George Kontochristopoulos, Eustathios Rallis, Dimitrios Kalogeromitros, Dimitris Rigopoulos

“…So far, IFN-𝛾, interleukins, TNF-𝛼, are cytokines that are well known to play a major role in the pathogenesis of the disease, while several studies have shown that many more pathways exist. …”
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Cytokine changes in patients with heatstroke during pilgrimage to Makkah by I. A. Hashim, A. Al-Zeer, S. Al-Shohaib, M. Al-Ahwal, A. Shenkin

“…The study demonstrated the elevation of the above mediators and suggested a role in the pathogenesis of heatstroke. Markedly elevated levels or those that remained elevated despite cooling were associated with mortality.…”
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The role of immunity in insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome by Qixuan Zhang, Zhe Yang, Xiangyang Ou, Mengying Zhang, Xiangyu Qin, Gengxiang Wu

“…While the precise pathogenesis of PCOS remains unclear, it is now recognized that genetic, endocrine, and metabolic dysregulations all contribute significantly to its onset. …”
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Pest Status of Subfamily Lymantriinae (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Noctuoidea): Review by Amritpal Singh Kaleka, Gagan Preet Kour Bali

“…They act as a threat to the crops through various mechanisms of pathogenesis that compromise the immune system of the plants, such as developing any ways to attack the plants, seeking entry via open pores or exposed surface or wound, and sourcing nutrients forcefully for their growth and development. …”
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Kidney Stone Disease: An Update on Current Concepts by Tilahun Alelign, Beyene Petros

“…Therefore, this review has intended to provide a compiled up-to-date information on kidney stone etiology, pathogenesis, and prevention approaches.…”
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Virulence and pathogenicity of group B Streptococcus: Virulence factors and their roles in perinatal infection by Christina J. Megli, Sophia M. Carlin, Elizabeth J. Giacobe, Gideon H. Hillebrand, Thomas A. Hooven

“…A detailed exploration of the genetic basis for GBS pathogenicity follows, emphasizing the roles of capsules in pathogenesis and immune evasion. The paper also examines the molecular structures and functions of key GBS surface proteins, such as pili, serine-rich repeat proteins, and fibrinogen-binding proteins, which facilitate colonization and disease. …”
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CTRP9 Mitigates the Progression of Arteriovenous Shunt-Induced Pulmonary Artery Hypertension in Rats by Hua Guan, Xiaofeng Yang, Tao Shi, Yongjian Zhang, Aoqi Xiang, Yongxin Li

“…These findings suggest a previously unrecognized effect of CTRP9 in pulmonary vascular homeostasis during PAH pathogenesis.…”
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Aquaporin-2 in the early stages of the adenine-induced chronic kidney disease model. by Lucas H Oronel, Maria Ortiz, Carolina Yarza, Sofía Gayone, Carlos Davio, Mónica Majowicz, Maria Florencia Albertoni Borghese

“…However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of this condition and its progression still are not entirely understood. …”
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Cytokines and Chemokines at the Crossroads of Neuroinflammation, Neurodegeneration, and Neuropathic Pain by Geeta Ramesh, Andrew G. MacLean, Mario T. Philipp

“…This review will focus on how cytokines and chemokines affect neuroinflammation and disease pathogenesis in bacterial meningitis and brain abscesses, Lyme neuroborreliosis, human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis, and neuropathic pain.…”
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The Immune Response and Its Therapeutic Modulation in Bronchiectasis by Massoud Daheshia, James D. Prahl, Jacob J. Carmichael, John S. Parrish, Gilbert Seda

“…Thus, the outcome of an active immune response as detrimental or protective in the pathogenesis of BC may be dependent on the state of the patient's immunity, the severity of infection, and the magnitude of immune response. …”
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Maxillary osteonecrosis linked to Pembrolizumab therapy: a case report by Gosselin-Rousselle Louise, Gaudimier Zoé, Pamelard Pierre-Olivier, Sader Paul, Moizan Hervé

“…Conclusion: While definitive causality between Pembrolizumab and osteonecrosis of the jaw cannot be established with the current evidence, this case adds to the growing body of literature suggesting that immune checkpoint inhibitors may be implicated in the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the jaw. As the use of immunotherapy expands in oncology, further research is essential to elucidate this association and provide guidelines.…”
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Rat models of frozen shoulder: Classification and evaluation by Hezirui Gu, Wenqing Xie, Hengzhen Li, Shuguang Liu, Yusheng Li

“…Therefore, it is necessary to develop and utilize animal models to understand the pathogenesis of FS and to explore treatment strategies, providing insights into the prevention and treatment of human FS. …”
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ANCA-Associated Vasculitides and Hematologic Malignancies: Lessons from the Past and Future Perspectives by Marco Folci, Giacomo Ramponi, Dana Shiffer, Aurora Zumbo, Michele Agosti, Enrico Brunetta

“…Hematologic malignancy risk in AAV is more likely to be increased by cyclophosphamide, although not yet definitely proven. Furthermore, the pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis has been reviewed with particular emphasis on the role of proteinase 3 (PR3) in fuelling granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) inflammation. …”
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Monitoring the follow-up of autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis using parietal cell antibodies and markers of gastric function by Maria Piera Panozzo, Antonio Antico, Nicola Bizzaro

“…Increased interest in the pathogenesis and the evolution of autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis (A-CAG) has led to the search for serological markers that can be used to detect changes in the gastric mucosa at an early stage and to monitor the course of the disease. …”
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Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis Profile of Meniscal Tissue Macrophages in Human Osteoarthritis by Jingbin Zhou, Zhihong Zhao, Chen He, Feng Gao, Yu Guo, Feng Qu, Yujie Liu

“…Osteoarthritis (OA) has long been considered as a degenerative disease, but growing evidence suggests that inflammation plays a vital role in its pathogenesis. Unlike rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases, inflammation in OA is chronic and, in relatively low grade, mainly mediated by the innate immune system, especially macrophages. …”
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Genomic Research to Identify Novel Pathways in the Development of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by Seamus C. Harrison, Anastasia Z. Kalea, Michael V. Holmes, Obi Agu, Steve E. Humphries

“…There is a need to improve our understanding of AAA pathogenesis in order to develop novel treatment paradigms. …”
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Janus kinase inhibitors and biologics for treatment of livedoid vasculopathy: a systematic review by Yu Liu, Tingting Li, Wei Shi

“…Purpose: Livedoid vasculopathy (LV) is a chronic microvascular thrombosis disorder with an unclear pathogenesis, potentially involving hypercoagulability and inflammation. …”
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The impact of glycolysis on ischemic stroke: from molecular mechanisms to clinical applications by Yingquan Liu, Peijia Hu, Hongliang Cheng, Fangyuan Xu, Yu Ye

“…Ischemic stroke (IS), a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, remains a significant challenge due to its complex pathogenesis. Glycolysis, a central metabolic pathway, plays a critical role in bridging the gap between metabolic dysfunction and neurological impairment. …”
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The diagnosis of DIC: a current overview by Hongyu Yang, Xiaochun Ma, Xu Li

“…In recent years, the understanding of DIC has been continuously improved, including the in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis, the classification of coagulation phenotypes, and the development of the “two-step” diagnosis of DIC, etc. …”
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Peran Antioksidan pada Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) by Yusri Diane Jurnalis, Yorva Sayoeti, Elfitrimelly .

“…Insulin resistance and oxidative stress have important role in molecular pathogenesis of NAFLD. Prooxidant and antioxidant factor in hepatosit can determine progressivity of liver disease. …”
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