Neuroinflammation and ALS: Transcriptomic Insights into Molecular Disease Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets by Giovanna Morello, Antonio Gianmaria Spampinato, Sebastiano Cavallaro

“…Among these, inflammatory/immune responses have recently gained particular interest, although there are conflicting reports on the role of these processes in ALS pathogenesis and treatment. This apparent discrepancy may be due to the absence of an effective stratification of ALS patients into subgroups with markedly different clinical, biological, and molecular features. …”
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Mesenchymal Hamartoma in Children: A Diagnostic Challenge by Muhammad Rehan Khan, Larry A. Binkovitz, Thomas C. Smyrk, D. Dean Potter, Katryn N. Furuya

“…Mesenchymal hamartoma is a benign tumor of the liver with a poorly understood pathogenesis. It is uncommon in older children, especially after 2 years of age. …”
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Molecular Mechanisms of Phthalate-Induced Hepatic Injury and Amelioration by Plant-Based Principles by Lalit Kumar Singh, Rashmi Pandey, Nikhat Jamal Siddiqi, Bechan Sharma

“…The prolonged exposure to phthalates adversely influences the biological redox system by altering the levels of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, molecular signaling pathways, and causing hepatic pathogenesis. The strategies to combat phthalate-induced toxicity include avoiding exposure to these compounds and using plant-based bioactive molecules such as polyphenols, which possess therapeutic potential as antioxidants, suppress inflammatory cascades, prevent oxidative damage, and stabilize cellular integrity. …”
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Idiopathic, Serial Coronary Vessels Dissection in a Young Woman with Psychological Stress: A Case Report and Review of the Literature by Alessio Arrivi, Caterina Milici, Carlo Bock, Attilio Placanica, Enrico Boschetti, Marcello Dominici

“…Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a very rare disease, associated with high mortality rate, whose etiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. Its sporadic nature and the varied angiographic extent make firm recommendations regarding revascularization impossible. …”
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Genome-Wide Association Study of Coronary Artery Disease by Naomi Ogawa, Yasushi Imai, Hiroyuki Morita, Ryozo Nagai

“…The chip-based GWAS approach has identified novel and unbiased genetic determinants of CAD and these insights provide the important direction to better understand the pathogenesis of CAD and to develop new and improved preventive measures and treatments for CAD.…”
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Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia of the Liver Incidentally Found in a 55-Year-Old Woman with a History of Ulcerative Colitis by Noritoshi Mizuta, Takuya Kikuchi, Shunsuke Kusano, Nobuya Sano

“…Reactive immune phenomenon has been reported in association with its occurrence, but the true pathogenesis is unknown. No case was reported in association with inflammatory bowel disease. …”
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EFFECTIVENESS OF THE WHEAT Lr22b, Lr34, AND Lr37 GENES FOR ADULT PLANT RESISTANCE TO LEAF RUST IN WEST SIBERIA AND THE CYTOPHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF THEIR ACTION by L. Ya. Plotnikova, T. Yu. Shtubey

“…The Lr34 and Lr37 genes exert a pleiotropic action on pathogenesis.…”
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Choroidal Structural Changes of Posterior Subtenon Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection in Eyes with Refractory Diabetic Macular Edema by Bing Liu, Guangfeng Ma, Jing Hou, Chenyang Cong

“…The alterations of SFCT and CVI in this study suggest that the choroidal vasculature is involved in the pathogenesis of refractory DME and could be affected by PSTA treatment. …”
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Role of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Diabetic Nephropathy: Lessons from Diabetic eNOS Knockout Mice by Takamune Takahashi, Raymond C. Harris

“…Further, recent studies with this animal model have explored the novel mechanisms by which eNOS deficiency causes advanced DN and provided many new insights into the pathogenesis of DN. Therefore, here we summarize the findings obtained with this animal model and discuss the roles of eNOS in DN, unresolved issues, and future investigations of this animal model study.…”
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PGC-1α activation to enhance macrophage immune function in mycobacterial infections. by Joel R Frandsen, Zhihong Yuan, Brahmchetna Bedi, Zohra Prasla, Seoung-Ryoung Choi, Prabagaran Narayanasamy, Ruxana T Sadikot

“…Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) are a heterogeneous group of environmental microorganisms with distinct human pathogenesis. Their incidence and prevalence are rising worldwide, due in part to elevated antimicrobial resistance which complicates treatment and potential successful outcomes. …”
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Concealed penis: A review of multilevel classification and surgical reconstruction techniques by Bo‐yu Xiang, Jing‐xuan Peng, Xue‐jun Shang, Xiong‐bing Zu, Dong‐jie Li

“…The aetiology and pathogenesis of this disease are understood to some extent, but the specific underlying mechanisms need further research. …”
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Thrombomodulin: A Bifunctional Modulator of Inflammation and Coagulation in Sepsis by Takayuki Okamoto, Hironobu Tanigami, Koji Suzuki, Motomu Shimaoka

“…Deregulated interplay between inflammation and coagulation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Therapeutic approaches that simultaneously target both inflammation and coagulation hold great promise for the treatment of sepsis. …”
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The Prorenin and (Pro)renin Receptor: New Players in the Brain Renin-Angiotensin System? by Wencheng Li, Hua Peng, Dale M. Seth, Yumei Feng

“…We review the role of prorenin and PRR in peripheral organs and emphasize the involvement of brain PRR in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Some future perspectives in PRR research are heighted with respect to novel therapeutic target for the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.…”
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The Diagnosis and Treatment of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusions: An Update by Diana-Maria Darabuş, Rodica Georgiana Dărăbuş, Mihnea Munteanu

“…This review synthesizes current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical features of BRVO, alongside recent advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. …”
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Combination Treatment of C16 Peptide and Angiopoietin-1 Alleviates Neuromyelitis Optica in an Experimental Model by Yuanyuan Zhang, Kewei Tian, Hong Jiang, Beibei Wang, Shu Han

“…In this study, a rodent NMO model, showing typical NMO pathogenesis, was induced with NMO-IgG from patient serum and human complement. …”
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Drug Advances in NAFLD: Individual and Combination Treatment Strategies of Natural Products and Small-Synthetic-Molecule Drugs by Xing Wan, Jingyuan Ma, He Bai, Xuyang Hu, Yanna Ma, Mingjian Zhao, Jifeng Liu, Zhijun Duan

“…In recent years, progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of NAFLD, identifying multiple therapeutic targets and providing new directions for drug development. …”
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Could Proteomic Research Deliver the Next Generation of Treatments for Pneumococcal Meningitis? by U. R. Goonetilleke, S. A. Ward, S. B. Gordon

“…This minireview will summarize the known pathogenesis of meningitis, and current gaps in knowledge, that could be filled by proteomic analysis.…”
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The Science of Memory Loss: Insights into Alzheimer’s Disease by Agnieszka Starzyk, Piotr Charzewski

“…Since the 2016 Seminar, substantial progress has been made in understanding AD’s complex pathogenesis, identifying genetic risk and protective factors, and developing novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies. …”
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Differential Circulating Fungal Microbiome in Prostate Cancer Patients Compared to Healthy Control Individuals by Xu Wang, Zejun Zhou, David Turner, Michael Lilly, Tongwen Ou, Wei Jiang

“…Infection and inflammation play an important role in prostate cancer (PCa) etiology and pathogenesis. However, the environmental drivers for PCa are not fully understood. …”
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Pneumocystis carinii: A Review of an Important Opportunistic Pathogen in AIDS by M John Gill, Ron Read

“…Improved in vitro and in vivo models of human pneumocystis infection would significantly increase understanding of the molecular biology of the organism, the pathogenesis of disease, and the optimal therapeutic regimens.…”
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