Tutorial Review for Understanding of Cholangiopathy by Yasuni Nakanuma

“…A number of diseases affect mainly the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary tree, and, in this special issue, these cholangiopathies are reviewed in detail with respect to genetics, pathogenesis, and pathology. In this paper, the anatomy and physiology of the biliary tree, basic injuries to biliary epithelial cells from stress and bile duct damage, and representative cholangiopathies are briefly reviewed.…”
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External pressure headache. Literature review by R. Timofejavaitė, K. Ryliškienė

“…The article provides a review of the classification of external pressure headaches, diagnostic criteria, headache characteristics, pathogenesis mechanisms, and headaches caused by personal protective equipment during COVID-19 pandemic. …”
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Serum Spexin Level Is Negatively Associated With Peripheral Neuropathy and Sensory Pain in Type 2 Diabetes by Ying Liu, Di Wu, Hangping Zheng, Yunzhi Ni, Lu Zhu, Yaojing Jiang, Jiarong Dai, Quanya Sun, Ying Zhao, Qi Zhang, Yehong Yang, Rui Liu

“…Conclusions: These results suggested that spexin might serve as a protective factor for diabetes against neuropathology and pain-related pathogenesis.…”
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Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): A Review and Proposal for Clinicians by Dino Sgarabotto, Elena Andretta, Camilla Sgarabotto

“…The pathogenesis of recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs), a common problem in the female population, is becoming better understood following recent studies of bacterial persistence and intracellular bacterial communities. …”
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Melanoma: From Melanocyte to Genetic Alterations and Clinical Options by Corine Bertolotto

“…This review aims to present the recent knowledge and discoveries of the molecular mechanisms involved in melanoma pathogenesis and their exploitation into clinic that have recently facilitated bench to bedside advances.…”
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Sclero-Hyalinized Low-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm Clinically Mimicking an Ovarian Mass by Nnaemeka Thaddeus Onyishi, Anthony Jude Edeh, Ngozi Regina Dim

“…We review the literature for the pathogenesis and clinical implication of sclerohyalinization in mucinous appendiceal tumors.…”
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A Gastroenterologist’s Perspective of The Medical Management of Patients with Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis by ABR Thomson

“…Medical therapy potentially helps to achieve all of these objectives for sufferers of IBD, except the last one – until the pathogenesis of the recurrent or continuous episodes of bowel inflammation is better understood, this last objective will remain "a riddle, wrapped in a mystery, inside an enigma".…”
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Treatment and Prevention of Osteoarthritis through Exercise and Sports by Victor Valderrabano, Christina Steiger

“…Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease with a high prevalence among older people. To date, the pathogenesis of the disease and the link between muscle function and OA is not entirely understood. …”
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Somatostatin in inflammatory bowel disease by J. D. Van Bergeijk, J. H. P. Wilson

“…In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) there is both morphological as well as experimental evidence for involvement of neuropeptides in the pathogenesis. Somatostatin is the main inhibitory peptide in inflammatory processes, and its possible role in IBD is discussed.…”
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Pouchitis by W. R. Schouten

“…The efficiency of metronidazole does suggest that bacteriological factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of pouchitis.…”
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Congenital Intranasal Glioma by Sajad Ahmad Salati, Ajaz Ahmad Rather

“…Various theories have been suggested to explain the pathogenesis. Imaging preferably by MRI is mandated to study the extent and to rule out intracranial extension. …”
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The Role of Microglia and Matrix Metalloproteinases Involvement in Neuroinflammation and Gliomas by Helen Könnecke, Ingo Bechmann

“…Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases (such as multiple sclerosis) as well as in the expansion of malignant gliomas because they facilitate penetration of anatomical barriers (such as the glia limitans) and migration within the neuropil. …”
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X-Chromosome Inactivation and Related Diseases by Zhuo Sun, Jinbo Fan, Yang Wang

“…Here, we review representative diseases in terms of their definition, symptoms, and XCI’s role in the pathogenesis of these diseases.…”
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Cladophialophora bantiana Brain Abscess in an Immunocompetent Patient by Sanjay G. Revankar

“…Additional studies to understand the pathogenesis of this infection and to improve outcomes are needed.…”
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Modern approaches to functional dyspepsia treatment by A. A. Sheptulin

“…Investigation of FD pathogenesis should be continued that will provide more differentiated treatment approach and improve the results.…”
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Spectrum of spondyloarthritis by Himanshu Pathak, Karl Gaffney

“…Spondyloarthritis (SpA) comprises a group of related diseases which share similar pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. Although the occurrence of SpA spectrum disorders has been known for some time, it was only in the latter half of the twentieth century that the concept of SpA was formally defined. …”
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The Influence of Nutrients on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases by Sara Jarmakiewicz-Czaja, Dominika Piątek, Rafał Filip

“…Inflammatory bowel diseases is a group of inflammatory diseases. The pathogenesis of diseases is multifactorial, which may include a Western-type diet. …”
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A Case Report of Chlamydia psittaci Infective Endocarditis Complicated With Pneumonia by Dongmei Zhao, Li Zhang, Qiulin Sun, Jun Cheng

“…Discussion on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease based on recent literature reports aimed to improve the prognosis of similar patients and enhance the understanding of clinicians.…”
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Gastroesophageal reflux disease and functional dyspepsia: clinical efficacy and safety of prokinetic choice by D. I. Trukhan

“…Motility disorder of gastroesophageal zone plays a leading part in pathogenesis of these diseases that assumes application prokinetics as a baseline therapy. …”
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METTL3/miR-192-5p/SCD1 Axis Regulates Lipid Metabolism to Affect T Cell Differentiation in Asthma by Zhengrong Chen, Dingwei Yan, Suyu Guo, Yiyi Song, Xinxing Zhang, Wenjing Gu, Heting Dong, Li Huang

“…This study may provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of asthma and a new treatment strategy.…”
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