The role of the neurovascular unit in vascular cognitive impairment: Current evidence and future perspectives by Zhidong He, Jing Sun

“…It is the second most common type of cognitive impairment after Alzheimer's disease. The pathogenesis of VCI is complex, and neurovascular unit destruction is one of its important mechanisms. …”
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Immunopathogenesis of spondyloarthropathies – Concept of major histocompatibility locus-I-opathy by Amlan Kusum Datta, Uddalak Chakraborty, Swati Kumar, Atanu Chandra

“…Historically, most of the research into the pathogenesis of SpA and other types of chronic arthritis have conventionally focused on the adaptive immune system. …”
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The Interplay of Renin-Angiotensin System and Toll-Like Receptor 4 in the Inflammation of Diabetic Nephropathy by Qi Feng, Dongwei Liu, Yanfang Lu, Zhangsuo Liu

“…Both innate immunity and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) play critical roles in the pathogenesis of DN. Except for traditional functions, abnormally regulated RAS has been proved to be involved in the inflammatory process of DN. …”
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Liver Damage in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus by A. O. Bueverov, A. V. Zilov

“…An up-to-date review of the prevalence, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of hepatological complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D).Key points. …”
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Telocytes in inflammatory bowel diseases: contributions to pathology and therapeutic potentials by Ronaldo Paolo Panganiban, Christina McAninch, Marina Chulkina, Irina V. Pinchuk

“…We highlight evidence implicating telocytes in the pathogenesis of IBD and other chronic inflammatory diseases that share similar pathophysiological processes with IBD. …”
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Control of virulence by small RNAs in Streptococcus pneumoniae. by Beth Mann, Tim van Opijnen, Jianmin Wang, Caroline Obert, Yong-Dong Wang, Robert Carter, Daniel J McGoldrick, Granger Ridout, Andrew Camilli, Elaine I Tuomanen, Jason W Rosch

“…These data constitute the most comprehensive analysis of pneumococcal sRNAs and provide the first evidence of the extensive roles of sRNAs in pneumococcal pathogenesis.…”
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Association of p53 with Neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s Disease by Qiang Luo, Wei Sun, Yi-Fan Wang, Ji Li, Da-Wei Li

“…Recent studies have revealed that p53 levels and activity are substantially increased in affected neurons in cellular and animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD) as well as in the brains of PD patients. p53 activation in response to neurodegenerative stress is closely associated with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, abnormal protein aggregation, and impairment of autophagy, and these pathogenic events have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. Pathogenic p53 integrates diverse cellular stresses and activate these downstream events to induce the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons; thus, it plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PD and appears to be a potential target for the treatment of the disease. …”
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Microbiome in irritable bowel syndrome: advances in the field – A scoping review by T. Surdea-Blaga, L. Ciobanu, A. Ismaiel, D. Dumitrascu

“…Objective: The pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome is still not clearly understood. …”
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Role of the Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiome in the Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus by Muhammad U. Sohail, Asmaa Althani, Haseeb Anwar, Roberto Rizzi, Hany E. Marei

“…This article aims to summarize the role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Additionally, we summarize gut microbial dysbiosis in preclinical and clinical diabetes cases reported in literature in the recent years.…”
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The Potential of Secondary Metabolites in Medicinal Plants as Anti–Quorum Sensing in Biofilms: A Comprehensive Review by Salsabila Aqila Putri, Euis Julaeha, Natsuko Kagawa, Dikdik Kurnia

“…Quorum sensing plays a role for competition, virulence, resistance, and pathogenesis. Quorum sensing produces signaling response called as autoinducers. …”
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The Role of Cytokines in Nephrotic Syndrome by Elham Ahmadian, Yalda Rahbar Saadat, Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia, Milad Bastami, Mohammadali M. Shoja, Sepideh Zununi Vahed, Mohammadreza Ardalan

“…Evidence supports a role for T cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of INS. Glucocorticoids are the primary therapy for INS; however, steroid-resistant NS (SRNS) patients are at a higher risk of drug-induced side effects and harbor poor prognosis. …”
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Cytokines that Modulate the Differentiation of Th17 Cells in Autoimmune Uveitis by Kailei Guo, Xiaomin Zhang

“…Increasing evidence has suggested that T helper 17 (Th17) cells play a central role in the pathogenesis of ocular immune disease. The association between pathogenic Th17 cells and the development of uveitis has been confirmed in experimental and clinical studies. …”
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Proteomic Analysis of Lung Tissue in a Rat Acute Lung Injury Model: Identification of PRDX1 as a Promoter of Inflammation by Dongdong Liu, Pu Mao, Yongbo Huang, Yiting Liu, Xiaoqing Liu, Xiaoqing Pang, Yimin Li

“…Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a high morbidity and mortality disease entity in critically ill patients, despite decades of numerous investigations into its pathogenesis. To obtain global protein expression changes in acute lung injury (ALI) lung tissues, we employed a high-throughput proteomics method to identify key components which may be involved in the pathogenesis of ALI. …”
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The Inhibitory Effects of Alpha 1 Antitrypsin on Endosomal TLR Signaling Pathways by Ahmed S. Elshikha, Georges Abboud, Rigena Avdiaj, Laurence Morel, Sihong Song

“…Endosomal toll-like receptors (TLRs) TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 play an important role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. The proteolytic processing of these receptors in the endolysosome is required for signaling in response to DNA and single-stranded RNA, respectively. …”
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Interleukin-29 Enhances Synovial Inflammation and Cartilage Degradation in Osteoarthritis by Lingxiao Xu, Qiuyue Peng, Wenhua Xuan, Xiaoke Feng, Xiangqing Kong, Miaojia Zhang, Wenfeng Tan, Meilang Xue, Fang Wang

“…We have recently shown that IL-29 was an important proinflammatory cytokine in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Inflammation also contributes to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). …”
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Computer vision syndrome: neuro- and pathophysiological aspects (analytical review) by R.R. Akhmadeev, T.R. Mukhamadeev, E.R. Shammasova

“…</p> <p> <b>Keywords: </b>computer vision syndrome, dry eye disease, accommodation, pathogenesis, neurophysiology, visual motor integration. …”
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Shedding New Light on Cutaneous Horns: A Comprehensive Review and Pitfall of Management by Leo Wan, Aileen Park, Kamran Arastu, Amor Khachemoune

“…This focused and up-to-date comprehensive review addresses the clinical presentations, epidemiology, aetiology/pathogenesis, histopathology, and differential diagnosis for cutaneous horns. …”
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Cytokine Immunopathogenesis of Enterovirus 71 Brain Stem Encephalitis by Shih-Min Wang, Huan-Yao Lei, Ching-Chuan Liu

“…Cytokines and chemokines play an important role in the pathogenesis EV71 brain stem encephalitis. Both the CNS and the systemic inflammatory responses to infection play important, but distinctly different, roles in the pathogenesis of EV71 pulmonary edema. …”
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Epigenetic Modifications and Potential New Treatment Targets in Diabetic Retinopathy by Lorena Perrone, Carmela Matrone, Lalit P. Singh

“…Further elucidation of epigenetic mechanisms, acting both at the cis- and trans-chromatin structural elements, will yield new insights into the pathogenesis of DR and will open the way for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets to prevent DR progression.…”
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A Review of the Physiological and Immunological Functions of Biliary Epithelial Cells: Targets for Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Drug-induced Ductop... by Chih-Te Wu, Paul A. Davis, VelImir A. Luketic, M. Eric Gershwin

“…These then suggest a myriad of potential roles for BEC in defense from invading microorganisms as well as the pathogenesis of diverse immunologically driven diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), graft-versus-host disease, and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). …”
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