Characterization of HIV-1 Infection and Innate Sensing in Different Types of Primary Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages by Elisabeth A. Diget, Kaja Zuwala, Randi K. Berg, Rune R. Laursen, Stine Søby, Lars Østergaard, Jesper Melchjorsen, Trine H. Mogensen

“…Macrophages play an important role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pathogenesis and contribute to establishment of a viral reservoir responsible for continuous virus production and virus transmission to T cells. …”
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Assessment of Serum Dynamic Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis and Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress in Patients with Crohn’s Disease by Ancel Aysun Bağdaş, Sezgin Barutçu, Ahmet Saracaloğlu, Abdullah Tuncay Demiryürek

“…In this study, we assessed the possible contributions of serum oxidative/nitrosative stress and dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis to CD pathogenesis. Materials and Methods: Patients with active CD (A-CD) at onset (n = 38), CD patients in the remission (R-CD) (n = 38), and healthy controls (n = 38) were prospectively included in this study. …”
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Notch Signaling Pathway Promotes Th17 Cell Differentiation and Participates in Thyroid Autoimmune Injury in Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis Mice by Hao Liu, Yiwen Li, Yujiao Zhu, Lei Ma, Haibo Xue

“…These findings suggested that the Notch signaling pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid autoimmune injury in EAT mice by promoting the differentiation of Th17 cells.…”
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Characterization of gene expression profiles in Alzheimer's disease and osteoarthritis: A bioinformatics study. by Nian Liu, Qian Deng, Zining Peng, Danning Mao, Yuanbo Huang, Fanyu Meng, Xiaoyu Zhang, Jiayan Shen, Zhaofu Li, Weitian Yan, Jiangyun Peng

“…<h4>Background</h4>Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Osteoarthritis (OA) have been shown to have a close association in previous studies, but the pathogenesis of both diseases are unclear. This study explores the potential common molecular mechanisms between AD and OA through bioinformatics analysis, providing new insights for clinical treatment strategies.…”
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Deciphering the significance of neutrophil to lymphocyte and monocyte to lymphocyte ratios in tuberculosis: A case-control study from southern India [version 2; peer review: 2 appr... by Poorva Bakshi, Shikha Jayasheelan, Rakshatha Nayak, Sharada Rai

“…Neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes are crucial in the pathogenesis of granulomatous inflammation and immune reactions. …”
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Decoding CKD-induced muscle atrophy through the critical role of lncRNA GAS5 and pyroptosis by Rong Huang, Xinying Tang, Shuang Liu, Lijing Sun

“…Emerging evidence has shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle atrophy. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we discerned elevated GAS5 expression in the muscles of CKD mice and verified these findings by real-time qPCR. …”
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Porphyromonas gingivalis: Major Periodontopathic Pathogen Overview by Jaroslav Mysak, Stepan Podzimek, Pavla Sommerova, Yelena Lyuya-Mi, Jirina Bartova, Tatjana Janatova, Jarmila Prochazkova, Jana Duskova

“…Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative oral anaerobe that is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and is a member of more than 500 bacterial species that live in the oral cavity. …”
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Long-Pulse Gastric Electrical Stimulation Repairs Interstitial Cells of Cajal and Smooth Muscle Cells in the Gastric Antrum of Diabetic Rats by Yan Chen, Hongcai Wang, Hai Li, Shi Liu

“…The damage of interstitial cells of Cajal and smooth muscle cells has far-reaching implications in the pathogenesis of gastroparesis in diabetic patients. Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) is an efficient therapy for gastric motility disorders, but the mechanisms of GES require clarification. …”
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Clinical Characterization of Patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria according to Anti-TPO IgE Levels by Jorge Sánchez, Andres Sánchez, Ricardo Cardona

“…Elevation of anti-TPO IgE during exacerbation periods supports an association between this autoantibody and the pathogenesis of urticaria.…”
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The Importance of C4d in Biopsies of Kidney Transplant Recipients by Rosana Rosa Miranda Corrêa, Juliana Reis Machado, Marcos Vinícius da Silva, Fernanda Rodrigues Helmo, Camila Souza Oliveira Guimarães, Laura Penna Rocha, Ana Carolina Guimarães Faleiros, Marlene Antônia dos Reis

“…Further studies on AMR with positive C4d staining in biopsy specimens are really important, as well as the study of novel routine markers that may participate in the pathogenesis of this process.…”
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Gram-Negative Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Stimulates Activin A Secretion from Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells by Yumiko Abe, Risa Marukawa, Nami Tsuru, Maki Sato, Hiroko Matsuda, Hisanobu Sadakata, Takashi Kameda, Takashi Minegishi

“…The present study suggests that lipopolysaccharide stimulation of activin A secretion may be a mechanism in the pathogenesis of amnionitis.…”
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The Role of “Mixed” Orexigenic and Anorexigenic Signals and Autoantibodies Reacting with Appetite-Regulating Neuropeptides and Peptides of the Adipose Tissue-Gut-Brain Axis: Releva... by Kvido Smitka, Hana Papezova, Karel Vondra, Martin Hill, Vojtech Hainer, Jara Nedvidkova

“…This extensive and detailed report reviews data that demonstrate that hunger-satiety signals play an important role in the pathogenesis of eating disorders. Neuroendocrine dysregulations of the AT-gut-brain axis peptides and neutralizing autoantibodies may result in AN and BN. …”
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Lipid Oxidation at the Crossroads: Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Explored in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> by Julia Tortajada-Pérez, Andrea del Valle Carranza, Cristina Trujillo-del Río, Mar Collado-Pérez, José María Millán, Gema García-García, Rafael Pascual Vázquez-Manrique

“…This disruption contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, or Huntington’s disease. …”
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Methylglyoxal Impairs Insulin Secretion of Pancreatic β-Cells through Increased Production of ROS and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Mediated by Upregulation of UCP2 and MAPKs by Jinshuang Bo, Shiya Xie, Yi Guo, Chunli Zhang, Yanming Guan, Chunmei Li, Jianxin Lu, Qing H. Meng

“…Substantial evidence has shown that MG is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetic complications. …”
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Serum Levels of Soluble IL-2R, CD4 and CD8 in Chronic Active HCV Positive Hepatitis by C. Caruso, G. Candore, D. Cigna, S. Tripi, G. Di Gaetano, G. Migneco, G. Montalto, I. Ruggieri, A. Notarbartolo

“…These results indicate that in these patients there is a general activation of the immune system, but the lack of correlation with parameters of liver function strengthens the suggestion that this activation does not play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic type C hepatitis.…”
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Kidney Expression of Toll Like Receptors in Lupus Nephritis: Quantification and Clinicopathological Correlations by Fabrizio Conti, Francesca Romana Spinelli, Simona Truglia, Francesca Miranda, Cristiano Alessandri, Fulvia Ceccarelli, Michele Bombardieri, Konstantinos Giannakakis, Guido Valesini

“…This is the first study quantifying kidney expressions of TLRs in LN patients; the results show an overexpression of TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9 and demonstrate a correlation with clinicopathological indices supporting a role of these mediators in the pathogenesis of LN.…”
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Mitochondrial Complex I Deficiency among Egyptian Pediatric Patients with Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome by Doaa M. Abdou, AbdelAal Mohamed, Mohamed Abdulhay, Sara El Khateeb

“…The objective of the current study is to measure the activity of mitochondrial complex I in renal biopsies obtained from pediatric patients diagnosed with SRNS compared to steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) patients in order to elucidate its role in pathogenesis and the prognosis for further genetic work. …”
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Bioinformatics approach reveals the critical role of inflammation-related genes in age-related hearing loss by Xi Gu, Chenyu Chen, Yuqing Chen, Chaojun Zeng, Yanchun Lin, Ruosi Guo, Shujin Xu, Chang Lin

“…Abstract Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is the most prevalent sensory impairment in the elderly. However, the pathogenesis of ARHL remains unclear. This study was aimed to explore the potential inflammation-related genes of ARHL and suggest novel therapeutic targets for this condition. …”
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The Impact of Antibiotics on the Development of Colorectal Cancer – A Review of Current Insights and Directions for Future Research by Karol Zagórski, Mateusz Kozik, Nina Skalska-Dziobek, Weronika Małagocka, Karolina Chybowska, Maria Naruszewicz, Przemysław Cetnarowski

“…Currently, the role of the colonic microbiome and the overuse of antibiotics is also highlighted in the pathogenesis of CRC. This review aims to assess the impact of antibiotic use on CRC risk, clinical characteristics, and pathological features.   …”
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Copper and iron as unique trace elements linked to fibromyalgia risk by Wenxing Zeng, Minhua Hu, Luyao Ma, Feng Huang, Ziwei Jiang

“…Abnormal metabolism of trace elements is suspected to play a role in the pathogenesis of FM, though the exact relationships have yet to be clarified. …”
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