Clinical, immune and genetic risk factors of malaria-associated acute kidney injury in Zambian children: A study protocol. by Chisambo Mwaba, Sody Munsaka, David Mwakazanga, David Rutagwerae, Owen Ngalamika, Suzanna Mwanza, Mignon McCulloch, Evans Mpabalwani

“…<h4>Background</h4>Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects nearly half of children with severe malaria and increases the risk of adverse outcomes such as death and poor cognitive function. The pathogenesis and predictors of malaria-associated acute kidney injury (MAKI) are not fully described. …”
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Characterization of novel human endogenous retrovirus structures on chromosomes 6 and 7 by Nicholas Pasternack, Nicholas Pasternack, Ole Paulsen, Avindra Nath

“…Of these, HERV-K subtype HML-2 is a transposable element that plays a critical role in embryonic development and in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Quantification and characterization of these multiple HML-2 insertions in the human chromosome has been challenging due to their size, sequence homology with each other, and their repetitive nature. …”
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A Survey of SNP Data Analysis by Xiaojun Ding, Xuan Guo

“…Experiments on individual SNPs may reveal their non-detectable effects on complex diseases. Pathogenesis is a complicated topic, and it is difficult to correctly predict multiple SNPs. …”
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Investigating the functional and structural effect of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 gene: An in-silico study. by Md Mostafa Kamal, Kazi Fahmida Haque Shantanu, Shamiha Tabassum Teeya, Md Motiar Rahman, A K M Munzurul Hasan, Douglas P Chivers, Tanveer A Wani, Atekah Hazzaa Alshammari, Mahesh Rachamalla, Francisco Carlos da Silva Junior, Md Munnaf Hossen

“…The current comprehensive study shows how various nsSNPs in the CTLA4 gene can modify the structural and functional characteristics of the protein, potentially influencing the pathogenesis of diseases in humans. Further, experimental studies are needed to analyze the effect of these nsSNPs on the susceptibility of pathological phenotype populations.…”
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4-Hydroxycinnamic acid attenuates neuronal cell death by inducing expression of plasma membrane redox enzymes and improving mitochondrial functions by Sujin Park, Yoon A Kim, Jaewang Lee, Hyunsoo Seo, Sang-Jip Nam, Dong-Gyu Jo, Dong-Hoon Hyun

“…Some therapeutic applications focus on enhancing neuronal cell survival during the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including mitochondrial dysfunction. …”
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Dental problems and oral microbiome alterations in ulcerative colitis by Robert Kucharski, Robert Kucharski, Bartosz Kamil Sobocki, Ewa Stachowska, Nikola Bulman, Leszek Kalinowski, Leszek Kalinowski, Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka

“…The role of microbial dysregulation in its pathogenesis has been recently highlighted. Overall, microbiome alterations concern the reduction of bacterial abundance and diversity, resulting in gut microbiome imbalance negatively affecting immunological aspects. …”
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Review of Herbal Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy by Guang-dong Sun, Chao-yuan Li, Wen-peng Cui, Qiao-yan Guo, Chang-qing Dong, Hong-bin Zou, Shu-jun Liu, Wen-peng Dong, Li-ning Miao

“…Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most serious chronic complications of diabetes; 20–40% of diabetic patients develop into end stage renal disease (ESRD). However, exact pathogenesis of DN is not fully clear and we have great difficulties in curing DN; poor treatment of DN led to high chances of mortality worldwide. …”
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γ-Secretase Inhibitor Alleviates Acute Airway Inflammation of Allergic Asthma in Mice by Downregulating Th17 Cell Differentiation by Weixi Zhang, Xueya Zhang, Anqun Sheng, Cuiye Weng, Tingting Zhu, Wei Zhao, Changchong Li

“…T helper 17 (Th17) cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Th17 cell differentiation requires Notch signaling. γ-Secretase inhibitor (GSI) blocks Notch signaling; thus, it may be considered as a potential treatment for allergic asthma. …”
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Research progress of femoral head necrosis in HIV-infected patients by Youhan Yang, Futao Ke, Zhengqi Pan, Liaobin Chen

“…A more profound comprehension of the disease’s pathogenesis may facilitate the implementation of early prevention and treatment strategies, as well as the development of alternative conservative therapeutic options. …”
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Effect of Lipoxin A4 on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endothelial Hyperpermeability by Huayan Pang, Pan Yi, Ping Wu, Zhuoya Liu, Zhongjie Liu, Jianming Gong, Hua Hao, Lei Cai, Duyun Ye, Yinping Huang

“…Excessive oxidative stress, decreased antioxidant capacity, and enhanced cellular calcium levels are initial factors that cause endothelial cell (EC) hyperpermeability, which represents a crucial event in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) strongly attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hyperpermeability through maintaining the normal expression of VE-cadherin and β-catenin. …”
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Aqp 9 and Brain Tumour Stem Cells by Guri Fossdal, Einar O. Vik-Mo, Cecilie Sandberg, Mercy Varghese, Mari Kaarbø, Emily Telmo, Iver A. Langmoen, Wayne Murrell

“…Several studies have implicated the aquaporins (aqp) 1, 4, and 9 in the pathogenesis of malignant brain tumours, suggesting that they contribute to motility, invasiveness, and oedema formation and facilitate metabolism in tumour cells under hypoxic conditions. …”
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Brain-Specific SNAP-25 Deletion Leads to Elevated Extracellular Glutamate Level and Schizophrenia-Like Behavior in Mice by Hua Yang, Mengjie Zhang, Jiahao Shi, Yunhe Zhou, Zhipeng Wan, Yicheng Wang, Yinghan Wan, Jun Li, Zhugang Wang, Jian Fei

“…It is suggested that a SNAP-25 cKO mouse, a valuable model for schizophrenia, could address questions regarding presynaptic alterations that contribute to the etiopathophysiology of SZ and help to consummate the pre- and postsynaptic glutamatergic pathogenesis of the illness.…”
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Decreased Apoptotic Rate of Alveolar Macrophages of Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by Fotios Drakopanagiotakis, Areti Xifteri, Evaggelos Tsiambas, Andreas Karameris, Konstantina Tsakanika, Napoleon Karagiannidis, Demetrios Mermigkis, Vlasis Polychronopoulos, Demosthenes Bouros

“…Increased apoptosis of epithelial cells and decreased apoptosis of myofibroblasts are involved in the pathogenesis of IPF. The apoptotic profile of alveolar macrophages (AMs) in IPF is unclear. …”
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Betaine Treatment Attenuates Chronic Ethanol-Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Alterations to the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Proteome by Kusum K. Kharbanda, Sandra L. Todero, Adrienne L. King, Natalia A. Osna, Benita L. McVicker, Dean J. Tuma, James L. Wisecarver, Shannon M. Bailey

“…Mitochondrial damage and disruption in oxidative phosphorylation contributes to the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that the hepatoprotective actions of betaine against alcoholic liver injury occur at the level of the mitochondrial proteome. …”
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Resistance mechanisms involved in complex immunity of wheat against rust diseases by E. S. Skolotneva, E. A. Salina

“…The presence of these genes in the genotype ensures the interruption of early pathogenesis through the following mechanisms: disorientation and branching of the germ tube; formation of aberrant fungal penetration structures (appressorium, substomatal vesicle); accumulation of callose in mesophyll cell walls. …”
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Esophageal Intramural Pseudodiverticulosis: A Rare Endoscopic Finding by Luciana Lopes de Oliveira, Fred Olavo Aragão Andrade Carneiro, Elisa Ryoka Baba, Thiago Guimarães Vilaça, Dalton Marques Chaves, Everson Luiz de Almeida Artifon, Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux de Moura, Paulo Sakai

“…Dysphagia is the predominant symptom and can be accompanied by esophageal stricture in 80% to 90% of patients. The pathogenesis is unknown, and as the pseudodiverticulosis is an intramural finding, endoscopy biopsies are inconclusive. …”
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Metformin Exhibits Anti‐Inflammatory Effects by Regulating microRNA‐451/CXCL16 and B Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma 2 in Patients With Osteoarthritis by Nahid Alimoradi, Amin Ramezani, Mohammad Tahami, Negar Firouzabadi

“…Inflammation and aging are involved in the pathogenesis of pain in OA. In this study, we evaluated the ability of metformin to regulate microRNAs, such as miR‐451 and miR‐15b, and their target proteins, CXCL16 and B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (BCL‐2), involved in inflammation and apoptosis. …”
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Endothelial SHANK3 regulates tight junctions in the neonatal mouse blood-brain barrier through β-Catenin signaling by Yong-Eun Kim, Minseong Kim, Sunwhi Kim, Raham Lee, Yusuke Ujihara, Esther Magdalena Marquez-Wilkins, Yong-Hui Jiang, Esther Yang, Hyun Kim, Changhoon Lee, Changwon Park, Il Hwan Kim

“…Despite the blood-brain barrier (BBB) serving as a crucial gatekeeper, conveying environmental influences into the brain parenchyma, the contributions of BBB in ASD pathogenesis remain largely uncharted. Here we report that SHANK3, an ASD-risk gene, expresses in the BBB-forming brain endothelial cells (BECs) and regulates tight junctional (TJ) integrity essential for BBB’s barrier function. …”
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Transgenic plants as genetic models for studying functions of plant genes by A. V. Kochetov, V. K. Shumny

“…In addition, some pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-4 family) possess RNase activity and can inhibit growth of pathogenic fungi. …”
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KAT2B inhibits proliferation and invasion via inactivating TGF-β/Smad3 pathway-medicated autophagy and EMT in epithelial ovarian cancer by Yuqin Yao, Yuna Niu, Honggui Zhou, Min Yong

“…Abstract Lysine acetyltransferase 2B (KAT2B) plays a crucial role in epigenetic regulation and tumor pathogenesis. Our study investigates KAT2B’s function in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) using in vivo and in vitro methods. …”
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