Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ-Mediated Polarization of Macrophages in Leishmania Infection by Marion M. Chan, Nagasuresh Adapala, Cui Chen

“…Infection is the outcome of a contest between a pathogen and its host. In the disease leishmaniasis, the causative protozoan parasites are harbored inside the macrophages. …”
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Protease shaving of Mycobacterium tuberculosis facilitates vaccine antigen discovery and delivery of novel cargoes to the Mtb surface by Bianca A. Lepe, Christine R. Zheng, Owen K. Leddy, Benjamin L. Allsup, Sydney L. Solomon, Bryan D. Bryson

“…The bacterial surface is a critical interface that shapes host-pathogen interactions. Several knowledge gaps persist in our understanding of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-host interactions that may be addressed by an improved understanding of the Mtb surface proteome, including the identification of novel vaccine targets as well as developing new approaches to interrogate host-pathogen interactions. …”
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Klebsiella oxytoca facilitates microbiome recovery via antibiotic degradation and restores colonization resistance in a diet-dependent manner by Éva d. H. Almási, Lea Eisenhard, Lisa Osbelt, Till Robin Lesker, Anna C. Vetter, Nele Knischewski, Agata Anna Bielecka, Achim Gronow, Uthayakumar Muthukumarasamy, Marie Wende, Caroline Tawk, Meina Neumann-Schaal, Mark Brönstrup, Till Strowig

“…The diet-independent degradation of ampicillin in the gut lumen by K. oxytoca beta-lactamases facilitates rapid commensal outgrowth, which is required for subsequent pathogen clearance. Our findings provide insights into how diet modulates functional microbiome recovery and K. oxytoca-mediated pathogen elimination from the gut.…”
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Identification and functional characterization of the RPP13 gene family in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) for disease resistance by Baoqi Yuan, Chuang Li, Qingfeng Wang, Qi Yao, Xiaowei Guo, Yuhang Zhang, Zhongwei Wang

“…Cis-regulatory element analysis identified that the promoter region of StRPP13-26 is enriched with pathogen-responsive elements such as the WUN-motif and MYC, suggesting its potential role in disease defense. …”
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Genetic Signatures of Contrasted Outbreak Histories of “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus”, the Bacterium That Causes Citrus Huanglongbing, in Three Outermost Regions of the Europe... by Olivier Pruvost, Karine Boyer, Frédéric Labbé, Marine Weishaar, Anaïs Vynisale, Claire Melot, Cécile Hoareau, Gilles Cellier, Virginie Ravigné

“…ABSTRACT In an era of trade globalization and climate change, crop pathogens and pests are a genuine threat to food security. …”
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Exploring the Association Between Gastroesophageal Reflux and Temporomandibular Joint Disorder in European Populations: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis by Renjie Gu, Liangqiong Chen, Minhui Hua, Huangtai Miao, Yongwei Qin

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Nonhuman primate antigenic cartography of SARS-CoV-2 by Annika Rössler, Antonia Netzl, Ninaad Lasrado, Jayeshbhai Chaudhari, Barbara Mühlemann, Samuel H. Wilks, Janine Kimpel, Derek J. Smith, Dan H. Barouch

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Regulation of viral replication by host restriction factors by Ying Lin, Ying Lin, Ying Lin, Yun Zhu, Yun Zhu, Ling Jing, Ling Jing, Ling Jing, Xiaobo Lei, Xiaobo Lei, Zhengde Xie, Zhengde Xie

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Incipient and subclinical tuberculosis: a narrative review by Malay Sarkar

“…Other categories within this spectrum include TB infection, incipient TB, subclinical TB, and active TB disease. Various host- and pathogen-related factors influence these categories. …”
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In vivo antifungal activity of neem oil and aqueous extracts against leaf spot disease caused by <i>Cercospora abelmoschii</i> on okra by Aricléia De Moraes Catarino, Antonia Alice Costa Rodrigues, João Victor Jansen De Queiroz, Luciano Marinho Furtado, Leilson Lopes Santos Silva Silva

“…The extracts and neem oil were tested in concentration 10%, the fungicide cercobin 700PM® in dose 2.5 g.l-1, applied 10 days after pathogen inoculation by leaf spray and the citric biomass extract ecolife® in concentration 5.0 ml.l-1, applied 10 days before pathogen inoculation. …”
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Hepatitis C Virus Evasion from RIG-I-Dependent Hepatic Innate Immunity by Helene Minyi Liu, Michael Gale

“…IFN is a major effector of innate antiviral immunity and is naturally produced in response to viral infection when viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are recognized as nonself and are bound by cellular pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs). …”
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Development of a molecular genetics and cell biology toolbox for the filamentous fungus Diplodia sapinea. by Anne Geertje Oostlander, Laura Brodde, Miriam von Bargen, Bernard Slippers, Yvonne Becker, Ulrike Brandt, Frank Klawonn, Christiaan Grobler, Lucas Well, Jan Stenlid, Jonas Oliva, Malin Elfstrand, Andre Fleissner

“…Fuckel is a widespread fungal pathogen affecting conifers worldwide. Infections can lead to severe symptoms, such as shoot blight, canker, tree death, or blue stain in harvested wood, especially in Pinus species. …”
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Case report: First reported case of spondylodiscitis caused by Gemella morbillorum in South Africa by J Pillay, N M van der Linden

“…We report a case of spondylodiscitis caused by a rare pathogen, Gemella morbillorum. To date, worldwide, only six such cases of confirmed spondylodiscitis infection with this rare pathogen have been documented, and this is the first reported case in South Africa. …”
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Recommendations for Control and Mitigation of Laurel Wilt and Ambrosia Beetle Vectors in Commercial Avocado Groves in Florida by Jonathan Henry Crane, Daniel Carrillo, Edward A. Evans, Romina Gazis, Bruce A Schaffer, Fredy H Ballen Orozco, Jeff Wasielewski

“… The lethal laurel wilt epidemic affecting avocado trees in Florida is caused by a fungal pathogen-ambrosia beetle complex (LW-AB). The death of over 120,000 commercial avocado trees in Florida may be attributed to LW-AB. …”
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The discounted reproductive number for epidemiology by Timothy C. Reluga, Jan Medlock, Alison Galvani

“…The basic reproductive number, $\Ro$, and the effective reproductivenumber, $R$, are commonly used in mathematicalepidemiology as summary statistics for the size andcontrollability of epidemics.However, these commonly usedreproductive numbers can be misleading when appliedto predict pathogen evolution because they do notincorporate the impact of the timing of events in the life-historycycle of the pathogen.To study evolution problems where the host population size ischanging, measures like the ultimate proliferation rate must be used.A third measure of reproductive success, which combines properties ofboth the basic reproductive number and the ultimate proliferationrate, is the discounted reproductive number$\mathcal{R}_d$. …”
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An Unusual Case of Streptococcus anginosus Group Pyomyositis Diagnosed Using Direct 16S Ribosomal DNA Sequencing by Andrew Walkty, John M Embil, Kim Nichol, James Karlowsky

“…It also highlights the potential utility of 16S ribosomal DNA amplification and sequencing in direct pathogen detection from aspirated fluid in cases of pyomyositis in which antimicrobial therapy was initiated before specimen collection.…”
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Digital Melting Curve Analysis for Multiplex Quantification of Nucleic Acids on Droplet Digital PCR by Xiaoqing Dai, Meng Cao, Zunliang Wang

“…Our method overcomes the multiplexing limitations of ddPCR, facilitating its application in multi-target pathogen detection.…”
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Additions to the Mycosphaerella complex by P.W. Crous, K. Tanaka, B.A. Summerel, J.Z. Groenewald

“…(Teratosphaeriaceae) on Agapathus umbel/atus from South Africa. The latter pathogen is also newly recorded from A. umbel/atus in Europe (Portugal). …”
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Landscape of respiratory syncytial virus by Yuping Duan, Zimeng Liu, Na Zang, Bingbing Cong, Yuqing Shi, Lili Xu, Mingyue Jiang, Peixin Wang, Jing Zou, Han Zhang, Ziheng Feng, Luzhao Feng, Lili Ren, Enmei Liu, You Li, Yan Zhang, Zhengde Xie, Jing Ni

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Epidemiological Changes in Hospitalized Bronchiolitis in Children Under 2 Years of Age in Hangzhou Before and After COVID-19 Restriction Easing by Xu X, Chen X, He J, Su L, Tong X, Sun Y, Huang S, Bai G, Chen Z

“…Whether in 2022 or 2023, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the primary pathogen causing bronchiolitis among children under 12 months of age, while human rhinovirus (HRV) was the main pathogen in children aged 12– 24 months. …”
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