Targeting Toll-Like Receptors for Treatment of SLE by Christopher G. Horton, Zi-jian Pan, A. Darise Farris

“…Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important innate immune receptors for the identification and clearance of invading pathogens. Twelve TLRs that recognize various conserved components of microorganisms are currently known. …”
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Glycyl tRNA Synthetase (GARS) Gene Variant Causes Distal Hereditary Motor Neuropathy V by Peter Chung, Hope Northrup, Misbah Azmath, Ricardo A. Mosquera, Shade Moody, Aravind Yadav

“…These cases highlight the possibility of considering pathogenic variants in the GARS gene as a potential cause of early onset axonal polyneuropathy with atypical presentation.…”
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Human Flea Pulex irritans Linnaeus, 1758 (Insecta: Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) by Chad L. Cross, Estelle Martin, Lucas Brendel

“…Though its relative abundance and overall medical importance is disputed, this flea has been implicated as a potentially important vector of the human pathogens causing plague and murine typhus as well as serving as a potential vector of a tapeworm known to parasitize humans (Eldridge and Edman 2004). …”
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Iron Homeostasis Dysregulation, Oro-Gastrointestinal Microbial Inflammatory Factors, and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review by Agata Kuziak, Piotr Heczko, Agata Pietrzyk, Magdalena Strus

“…Additionally, inflammatory agents produced by pathogenic bacteria may enter the body via two primary pathways: directly through the gut or indirectly via the oral cavity, entering the bloodstream and reaching the brain. …”
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Comprehensive guide for epigenetics and transcriptomics data quality control by Arianna Comendul, Frederique Ruf-Zamojski, Colby T. Ford, Pankaj Agarwal, Elena Zaslavsky, German Nudelman, Manoj Hariharan, Aliza Rubenstein, Hanna Pincas, Venugopalan D. Nair, Adam M. Michaleas, Philip D. Fremont-Smith, Darrell O. Ricke, Stuart C. Sealfon, Christopher W. Woods, Kajal T. Claypool, Rafael Jaimes, III

“…Summary: Host response to environmental exposures such as pathogens and chemicals can include modifications to the epigenome and transcriptome. …”
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Urinary Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Serves as a Potential Biomarker for Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Acute Pyelonephritis by Ming-Yuan Hong, Chin-Chung Tseng, Chia-Chang Chuang, Chia-Ling Chen, Sheng-Hsiang Lin, Chiou-Feng Lin

“…Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine, and the predictive role and pathogenic mechanism of MIF deregulation during kidney infections involving acute kidney injury (AKI) are not currently known. …”
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Probiotics for the Control of Parasites: An Overview by Marie-Agnès Travers, Isabelle Florent, Linda Kohl, Philippe Grellier

“…In a few cases, cellular interactions between probiotics and pathogens or relevant host cells were also investigated using in vitro culture systems. …”
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Antibiotic cycling versus mixing: The difficulty of using mathematicalmodels to definitively quantify their relative merits by Robert E. Beardmore, Rafael Peña-Miller

“…As a result, we agree with the tenet of Bonhoefer et al. [1] that one should not apply the results of [2] to conclude that an antibiotic cycling policy that implements cycles of drug restriction and prioritisation on an ad-hoc basis can select against drug-resistant microbial pathogens in a clinical setting any better than random drug use. …”
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WHEAT ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES by T. I. Odintsova, T. V. Korostyleva, L. L. Utkina, Ya. A. Andreev, A. A. Slavokhotova, E. A. Istomina, V. A. Pukhal’skii, T. A. Egorov

“…Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are low-molecular-weight defense polypeptides, produced in all living organisms either constitutively or upon perception of signals from pathogenic microorganisms. They are important components of the immune system in both animals and plants. …”
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Application of neurotoxin- and pesticide-induced animal models of Parkinson’s disease in the evaluation of new drug delivery systems by Casanova Yaquelyn, Negro Sofia, Barcia Emilia

“…In the past decades, animal models of PD have been proven to be valuable tools in elucidating the nature of the pathogenic processes involved in the disease, and in designing new pharmacological approaches. …”
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Staphylococcus pettenkoferi Bacteremia in an American Intensive Care Unit by Cameron Strong, Michael Cosiano, Melanie Cabezas, J. W. Barwatt, L. Gayani Tillekeratne

“…With the advent of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in clinical practice, there has been improved specificity of CoNS isolate identification and further elucidation of underrecognized pathogenic species. Staphylococcus pettenkoferi was a novel CoNS species first identified in 2002 and thought to be misdiagnosed as other CoNS due to limitations in biochemical identification. …”
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Balance between Regulatory T and Th17 Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: The Old and the New by Alessia Alunno, Elena Bartoloni, Onelia Bistoni, Giuseppe Nocentini, Simona Ronchetti, Sara Caterbi, Valentina Valentini, Carlo Riccardi, Roberto Gerli

“…Pathogenic mechanisms underlying the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are very complex and not yet entirely clarified. …”
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Analysis of Antifungal Components in the Galls of Melaphis chinensis and Their Effects on Control of Anthracnose Disease of Chinese Cabbage Caused by Colletotrichum higginsianum by Ping-Chung Kuo, Ting-Fang Hsieh, Mei-Chi Lin, Bow-Shin Huang, Jenn-Wen Huang, Hung-Chang Huang

“…Fungal pathogens caused various diseases which resulted in heavy yield and quality losses on plants of commercial interests such as fruits, vegetables, and flowers. …”
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Antibiotic Resistant Salmonella and Vibrio Associated with Farmed Litopenaeus vannamei by Sanjoy Banerjee, Mei Chen Ooi, Mohamed Shariff, Helena Khatoon

“…Farm owners should be concerned about the presence of these pathogenic bacteria which also contributes to human health risk and should adopt best management practices for responsible aquaculture to ensure the quality of shrimp.…”
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Influenza Viral Manipulation of Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling to Modulate Host Defense System by Madhuvanthi Vijayan, Bumsuk Hahm

“…Recent studies uncovered new functions of the sphingolipid signaling/metabolism during pathogenic virus infections. While sphingolipids such as sphingomyelin and ceramide were reported to influence the entry step of several viruses, sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes could directly alter viral replication processes. …”
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Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential, and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil Cones of Tunisian Cupressus sempervirens by Aicha Ben Nouri, Wissal Dhifi, Sana Bellili, Hanene Ghazghazi, Chedia Aouadhi, Ameur Chérif, Mohamed Hammami, Wissem Mnif

“…Moreover, its antibacterial activity was tested against different species of pathogenic bacteria (three Gram-positive and eight Gram-negative bacteria). …”
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THE STRATEGY OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY OF ACUTE UNCOMPLICATED PYELONEPHRITIS FROM THE POSITION OF ETIOLOGICAL DATA by A. D. Kaprin, A. A. Kostin, S. V. Popov

“…The choice of an antimicrobial agent in most cases is carried out empirically based on the data on the dominant pathogens and their regional resistance. In acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis duration of antimicrobial therapy should be 7–14 days. …”
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A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE USE OF TULATHROMYCIN IN VETERINARY MEDICINE by Carmen (Pop) Moldovan, Alexandra Dreancă, Oana Rotar, Mihai Madru, Ioan Marcus

“…Key studies demonstrate that tulathromycin is effective in treating bacterial pathogens responsible for respiratory disease, including Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida. …”
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Neuroinflammation and Cerebrovascular Disease in Old Age: A Translational Medicine Perspective by Mario Di Napoli, Imtiaz M. Shah

“…Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are important pathogenic processes occurring during the acute phase of cerebral ischemia. …”
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Total Phenolic, Flavonoid, Tomatine, and Tomatidine Contents and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Extracts of Tomato Plant by Norma Patricia Silva-Beltrán, Saul Ruiz-Cruz, Luis Alberto Cira-Chávez, María Isabel Estrada-Alvarado, José de Jesús Ornelas-Paz, Marco Antonio López-Mata, Carmen Lizette Del-Toro-Sánchez, J. Fernando Ayala-Zavala, Enrique Márquez-Ríos

“…The Pitenza variety extracts inhibited the growth of pathogens such as E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria ivanovii, yielding inhibition halos of 8.0 to 12.9 mm in diameter and MIC values of 12.5 to 3.125 mg/mL. …”
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