Genome rearrangements in neurodevelopmental disorders of the central nervous system: origins, genomic mechanisms, functional and clinical consequences. Review article by V. Kučinskas, E. Preikšaitienė, L. Ambrozaitytė, L. Cimbalistienė, A. Utkus

“…In our research, the detection of chromosomal aberrations by molecular karyotyping and whole exome sequencing capable of uncovering pathogenic variants in any of the human genes were the main technologies used to identify the molecular causes of intellectual disability. …”
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Recent Advances in Our Understanding of HLA-G Biology: Lessons from a Wide Spectrum of Human Diseases by Fabio Morandi, Roberta Rizzo, Enrico Fainardi, Nathalie Rouas-Freiss, Vito Pistoia

“…However, HLA-G can be expressed de novo at high levels in several pathological conditions, including solid and hematological tumors and during microbial or viral infections, leading to the impairment of the immune response against tumor cells or pathogens, respectively. On the other hand, the loss of HLA-G mediated control of the immune responses may lead to the onset of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, caused by an uncontrolled activation of the immune effector cells. …”
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Examination of Molecular Effects of MYLK Deletion in a Patient with Extensive Aortic, Carotid, and Abdominal Dissections That Underlie the Genetic Dysfunction by Sarah K. Macklin, Katelyn A. Bruno, Charitha Vadlamudi, Haytham Helmi, Ayesha Samreen, Ahmed N. Mohammad, Stephanie Hines, Paldeep S. Atwal, Thomas R. Caulfield

“…Through a combined multiomic approach of clinical, functional, and protein informatics, we arrive at a data fusion for determination of pathogenicity embedded within the genetic code for this particular genetic variant, which, as a platform, continues to broaden its scope across the field of variants of uncertain significance classification.…”
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Septic Systems and Springs Water Quality: An Overview for Florida by Mary Lusk, Andrea Albertin, Whitney Elmore, William Lester, James Moll

“… Wastewater carries pathogens, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), and trace organic chemicals that may be harmful to human health and ecosystem functioning. …”
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Nanoparticles: a promising tool against environmental stress in plants by Xu Zhou, Ahmed H. El-Sappah, Ahmed H. El-Sappah, Amani Khaskhoussi, Qiulan Huang, Amr M. Atif, Mohamed A. Abd Elhamid, Muhammad Ihtisham, Mohamed F. Abo El-Maati, Salma A. Soaud, Walid Tahri

“…NPs may feed nutrients to plants, prevent plant diseases and pathogens, and detect and monitor trace components in soil by absorbing their signals. …”
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Empyema Necessitans Complicating Pleural Effusion Associated with Proteus Species Infection: A Diagnostic Dilemma by M. S. Yauba, H. Ahmed, I. A. Imoudu, M. O. Yusuf, H. U. Makarfi

“…Empyema necessitatis is a rare condition that can be caused by Gram negative bacterial pathogens like Proteus species.…”
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IgG4-Related Disease Presenting as Isolated Scleritis by Eran Berkowitz, Ella Arnon, Alona Yaakobi, Yuval Cohen, Beatrice Tiosano

“…This case highlights the significance of IgG4-RD in the differential diagnosis of scleritis and raises the question as to whether various organs affected by IgG4-RD may have different underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in which pathogenic T cells play a role.…”
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Importance of Lipopolysaccharide and Cyclic β-1,2-Glucans in Brucella-Mammalian Infections by Andreas F. Haag, Kamila K. Myka, Markus F. F. Arnold, Paola Caro-Hernández, Gail P. Ferguson

“…Brucella species persist as intracellular pathogens that manage to effectively evade recognition by the host's immune system. …”
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Serial Assessment of Immune Status by Circulating CD8+ Effector T Cell Frequencies for Posttransplant Infectious Complications by Shinji Uemoto, Kazue Ozawa, Hiroto Egawa, Yasutsugu Takada, Hiroshi Sato, Satoshi Teramukai, Mureo Kasahara, Kohei Ogawa, Masako Ono, Kenji Takai, Masanori Fukushima, Kayo Inaba, Koichi Tanaka

“…In Groups I and II, both approaches showed a strong upward deviation from pretransplant status upon posttransplant infection, indicating an enhanced clearance of pathogens. In Group III, in contrast, both approaches showed a clear downward deviation from preoperative status, indicating deficient cytotoxicity. …”
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Coleopteran Antimicrobial Peptides: Prospects for Clinical Applications by Monde Ntwasa, Akira Goto, Shoichiro Kurata

“…AMPs act directly against pathogens and have both wound healing and antitumor activities. …”
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The Effects of TLR Activation on T-Cell Development and Differentiation by Bo Jin, Tao Sun, Xiao-Hong Yu, Ying-Xiang Yang, Anthony E. T. Yeo

“…Invading pathogens have unique molecular signatures that are recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) resulting in either activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and/or costimulation of T cells inducing both innate and adaptive immunity. …”
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Gut microbiome diversity as adjuvant marker for immune function by Mahdaleny, Febriana Catur Iswanti

“…Mucin, bacterial polysaccharides, and protein combine to form a unique mucosal biofilm that serves as a home for a variety of commensal and pathogenic organisms in the host. Maintaining proper mucosal barrier function is vital for both GI and systemic health. …”
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Aging Adults and Seasonal Influenza: Does the Vitamin D Status (H)Arm the Body? by Pierre Olivier Lang, Dimitrios Samaras

“…Evidence that VitD affects clearance of selected pathogens is supported by epidemiological and clinical data, while its coadministration with influenza vaccine in mice enhanced both mucosal and systemic antibody responses. …”
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Genetic Diversity of Toll-Like Receptors and Immunity to M. leprae Infection by Bryan E. Hart, Richard I. Tapping

“…Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have emerged as an essential family of innate immune pattern recognition receptors which play a pivotal role in host defense against microbes, including pathogenic strains of mycobacteria. This paper will highlight studies which have uncovered the association of specific TLR gene polymorphisms with leprosy or tuberculosis: two important diseases resulting from mycobacterial infection. …”
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Bacterial Vaginosis Bacterial and Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecules by Şayeste Demirezen, Aydan Mutlu, Sinan Beksaç

“…They maintain low pH of vaginal discharge by metabolising glycogen in vaginal epithelial cell and protects the vagina against the pathogenic microorganisms. However, the vaginal flora can be changed because of birth, taking antibiotics and contraceptive pills. …”
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Hepatoprotective Potential of Sargassum muticum against STZ-Induced Diabetic Liver Damage in Wistar Rats by Inhibiting Cytokines and the Apoptosis Pathway by Mohammed M. Safhi, Mohammad Firoz Alam, Sivagurunathan Moni Sivakumar, Tarique Anwer

“…Thus, the MESM plays a key role in rejuvenating the liver and can modulate diabetes’s pathogenic effect by reducing the glucose level.…”
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Melatonin and its therapeutic prospects in gastroenterology by A. A. Svistunov, Mikhail A. Osadchuk, A. M. Osadchuk

“…Adaptive properties of melatonin allow to recommend its therapeutic application at various disease groups as pathogenic treatment within basic modes of treatment.…”
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Impact of straw returning on soil ecology and crop yield: A review by Vincent Ninkuu, Zhixin Liu, Aizhi Qin, Yajie Xie, Xiao Song, Xuwu Sun

“…This review also examined the effects of straw return on plant pathogens and its allelopathic impact on plant growth, highlighting research gaps to encourage further studies that could fully realize the potential benefits of straw return in agricultural fields for optimal plant growth.…”
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Saliva: Physiology and Diagnostic Potential in Health and Disease by Sebastien J. C. Farnaud, Ourania Kosti, Stephen J. Getting, Derek Renshaw

“…Communicable disease is the focus of the next section where we review the literature relating to the direct and indirect detection of pathogenic infections from human saliva. Finally, we discuss hormones involved in appetite regulation and whether saliva is a viable alternative to blood in order to monitor hormones that are involved in satiety.…”
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Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Group G Streptococcus Infection by Rie Okumura, Sawako Yamazaki, Tsukasa Ohashi, Shinichi Magara, Jun Tohyama, Hiroshi Sakuma, Masaharu Hayashi, Akihiko Saitoh

“…The present findings suggest that neuropsychiatric disorders can result from GGS infection and that the pathogenic mechanism is similar to that of GABHS infection. …”
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