When Should Naloxone Be Administered to the Undifferentiated Unresponsive Person?

“…Despite deaths from opioid overdose having increased significantly in recent years, the ARC SAC advise that administering Naloxone, which can reverse the effects of an overdose, should not be prioritized in undifferentiated patients experiencing cardiac arrest over currently accepted resuscitation techniques, as coronary artery disease is nearly ten times more likely than opioid overdose to be the cause.…”
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The Impact of Perioperative Multimodal Pain Management on Postoperative Outcomes in Patients (Aged 75 and Older) Undergoing Short-Segment Lumbar Fusion Surgery by Shuaikang Wang, Tongtong Zhang, Peng Wang, Xiangyu Li, Chao Kong, Wenzhi Sun, Shibao Lu

“…Postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS), opioid consumption, complications within 3 months, and other outcomes were collected and compared between groups. …”
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Sublingual Buprenorphine and Methadone Maintenance Treatment: A Three-Year Follow-Up of Quality of Life Assessment by Salvatore M. Giacomuzzi, Markus Ertl, Georg Kemmler, Yyvonne Riemer, Alexander Vigl

“…In the first study period, 53 opioid-dependent subjects were enrolled and 25 could be reached after 3 years. …”
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Regional Anaesthesia Is Associated with Shorter Postanaesthetic Care and Less Pain Than General Anaesthesia after Upper Extremity Surgery by Sven Grauman, Jakob Boethius, Joakim Johansson

“…In the GA group, 32% of the patients received opioid analgesics and 21% received antiemetics. In the RA group, none received opioid analgesics and 3% received antiemetics. …”
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Low Incidence of Postoperative Respiratory Depression with Oliceridine Compared to Morphine: A Retrospective Chart Analysis by Sergio Bergese, Richard Berkowitz, Paul Rider, Martin Ladouceur, Suzanne Griffith, Alvaro Segura Vasi, Kristina Cochrane, Linda Wase, Mark A. Demitrack, Ashraf S. Habib

“…Oliceridine, an investigational IV opioid, is a first-in-class G-protein selective agonist at the μ-opioid receptor. …”
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Lidocaine Infusion for the Management of Postoperative Pain and Delirium (LIMPP): protocol for a randomised control trial by Matthias Behrends, Marc Alan Buren, Alekos Theologis, Ariadne Zuraek, Aaron J Clark, Jacqueline M Leung

“…Secondary outcomes include delirium severity, changes in cognition, pain scores, opioid use, incidence of opioid related side effects and functional benefits including time to discharge and improved recovery from surgery. …”
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Analgesic Quality Improvement in Paravertebral Blocks for Pediatric Nuss Procedure: An Exploratory Report on the Effects of Perineural Combined Glucocorticoids by Donham RN, Jin E, Caty MG, Thomas DA, Yuan C, Hollingsworth K, Zhang X, Yanez ND, Li J

“…The primary outcome studied was postoperative opioid consumption measured by oral morphine milligram equivalents (MME).Results: A total of 44 patients were included in the final analysis. …”
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Intraoperative Analgesia with Magnesium Sulfate versus Remifentanil Guided by Plethysmographic Stress Index in Post-Bariatric Dermolipectomy: A Randomized Study by S. E. Silva Filho, S. Dainez, M. A. M. C. Gonzalez, F. Angelis, J. E. Vieira, C. S. Sandes

“…Its use as an analgesic resource in opioid-free or opioid-sparing techniques have also been tested. …”
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Developing a comprehensive inventory to define harm reduction housing by Sofia Zaragoza, Joseph Silcox, Sabrina Rapisarda, Charlie Summers, Patricia Case, Clara To, Avik Chatterjee, Alexander Y. Walley, Miriam Komaromy, Traci C Green

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Influence of Lidocaine including Buprenorphine for Postoperative Analgesia after the Extraction of Mandibular Third Molars: A Randomized Controlled, Double-Blind, Split-Mouth Study by Nimrat K. Jawanda, Anand Shukla, Anupam Singh, Kalyana C. Pentapati, Srikanth Gadicherla

“…Background. The presence of opioid receptors around the peripheral nerves offers the possibility of providing postoperative analgesia, thereby encouraging the study of the effect of opioids in combination with local anesthesia (LA). …”
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The Distinct Functions of Dopaminergic Receptors on Pain Modulation: A Narrative Review by Xia-qing Wang, Tahmineh Mokhtari, Yu-xuan Zeng, Lu-peng Yue, Li Hu

“…However, chronic exposure to these drugs can result in opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. …”
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Effect of different regional anaesthesia techniques on postoperative analgesia following percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A systematic review and network meta-analysis by Kun Long, Chengfu Zhou, Jingqiu Liang, Xixi Tang, Zhijian Li, Qi Chen

“…Our primary outcomes consisted of 24-h cumulative opioid consumption and the time to first use of opioid medication postoperatively. …”
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Mechanisms of Cancer-Induced Bone Pain by Wang X, Li L, Wang Y

“…Despite advancements in medical technology, the treatment outcomes of patients with CIBP remain unsatisfactory, and severe pain can typically only be controlled with opioid medications. However, patients treated with opioid medications often develop tolerance. …”
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Single Dose Intravenous Paracetamol versus Placebo in Postorthognathic Surgery Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial by Thunshuda Sumphaongern, Pornchai Jansisyanont

“…The postorthognathic surgery patients experienced moderate to severe pain and could be at risk for opioid-related side effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a single dose of intravenous paracetamol to control postorthognathic surgery pain and reduce opioid consumption. …”
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The Interactive Relationship between Pain, Psychosis, and Agitation in People with Dementia: Results from a Cluster-Randomised Clinical Trial by Torstein F. Habiger, Elisabeth Flo, Wilco P. Achterberg, Bettina S. Husebo

“…Furthermore, the impact of opioid treatment on psychosis is not established. …”
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Intraoperative low-dose ketamine infusion for postoperative pain relief in laparoscopic surgeries – A randomised, double blind controlled clinical trial by Sujil Sudersan, Ramyavel Thangavelu, Sivakumar Segaran

“…Background: Patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery often experience moderate-to-severe postoperative pain. The use of opioids for postoperative pain relief often results in respiratory depression and other adverse effects. …”
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Use of Methadone for Neuropathic Pain by Dwight Moulin

“…In addition, central pain appears to be more refractory to opioid treatment than pain due to peripheral nerve injury (7).…”
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Managing Cancer Pain - Simple Rules, Major Benefits by Dwight E Moulin

“…Moderate pain requires the addition of a 'minor' opioid such as codeine (Step 2), and severe pain mandates the use of a major opioid analgesic such as morphine (Step 3). …”
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Hexapeptide dalargin in clinical gastroenterology: 30 years' of clinical application of the drug by S. A. Bulgakov

“…Dalargin is the first synthetic opioid peptide agent created on the basis of endogenous leucineenkephaline. …”
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Preoperative Analgesia Efficacy of Liposomal Bupivacaine Following Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) Block in Patients with Hip Fracture: A Randomized Controlled Observer-Blinded Stu... by Haobin Peng, Jiajun Wen, Manli Chen, Zhengyuan Xia, Ying Jiang, Kaiqi Xie, Weitao Huang, Bangsheng Cui, Peixing Li, Yiwen Zhang, Xianping Wu

“…Conclusions For preoperative analgesia of hip fractures, LB single-injection PENG block had a similar analgesic intensity and safety as ropivacaine but provided a longer duration of analgesia, reaching 48 h and even extending beyond 60 h, which reduced opioid consumption and extended time to the first opioid. …”
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