Tropical upper-tropospheric trends in ozone and carbon monoxide (2005–2020): observational and model results by L. Froidevaux, D. E. Kinnison, B. Gaubert, M. J. Schwartz, N. J. Livesey, W. G. Read, C. G. Bardeen, J. R. Ziemke, J. R. Ziemke, R. A. Fuller

“…<p>We analyze tropical ozone (O<span class="inline-formula">₃</span>) and carbon monoxide (CO) distributions in the upper troposphere (UT) for 2005–2020 using Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations and simulations from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) and two variants of the Community Atmosphere Model with Chemistry (CAM-chem), with each variant using different anthropogenic CO emissions. …”
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Surgical Quality in Rectal Cancer Management: What Can Be Achieved by a Voluntary Observational Study? by Łukasz Dziki, Ronny Otto, Hans Lippert, Paweł Mroczkowski, Olof Jannasch

“…In Germany, a self-organized and self-financed observational quality assurance project exists, based on voluntary participation. …”
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A New Finite-Time Observer for Nonlinear Systems: Applications to Synchronization of Lorenz-Like Systems by Ricardo Aguilar-López, Juan L. Mata-Machuca

“…The proposed methodology is based on state observer design under the frame of control theory; the observer structure provides finite-time synchronization convergence by cancelling the upper bounds of the main nonlinearities of the chaotic oscillator. …”
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Ionospheric Disturbances Generated by the 2015 Calbuco Eruption: Comparison of GITM‐R Simulations and GNSS Observations by J. Tyska, Y. Deng, S. Zhang, C. Y. Lin

“…The estimated apparent phase speeds from GITM‐R simulations are consistent with observations with ∼10% difference from observation for both acoustic wave packets and a trailing gravity mode. …”
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Treating chronic kidney disease in Danish primary care: results from the observational ATLAS study by Morten Lindhardt, Søren Tang Knudsen, Thomas Saxild, Morten Charles, Rikke Borg

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Nonlinear Disturbance Observer-Based Adaptive Sliding Mode Control for a Generic Hypersonic Vehicle by Jianguo Guo, Hao Zhang, Xiaodong Lu, Jun Zhou

“…Thirdly, a set of nonlinear disturbance observers are designed to estimate the lumped disturbance and compensate the sliding mode controller, and the stability of the proposed controller is analyzed by utilizing Lyapunov stability theory. …”
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Attitude of caregivers, psychiatrists, and nurses toward coercive measures: An observational, survey-based comparative study by Sneha Kulkarni, M. Uma Sankar, Ravi Kumar Dabbiru, Ramsubba Reddy, Sireesha Srinivasa Rao, Minhajzafar Nasirabadi

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Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Gout: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies by Xiaoli Li, Lianju Li, Yuling Xing, Tiantian Cheng, Shaohui Ren, Huijuan Ma

“…Therefore, we systematically retrospected available observational studies to clarify the impact of DM on the risk of gout. …”
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Vitamin D as a predictor of negative outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: An observational study by Volodymyr Bogomaz, Sofiia Shatylo

“… # Methods This single-centre observational study evaluated the association between serum vitamin D levels and negative outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Ukraine. …”
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An Improved SOGI-Higher-Order Sliding Mode Observer-Based Induction Motor Speed Estimation by Enyam Kobena Badu, Effah Francis Boafo, Hammond Desmond

“…This article introduces a hyperbolic tangent function and a varying gain exponent that ensures accurate speed estimation under noisy conditions and significantly reduces chattering observed in conventional sliding mode observers (SMOs). …”
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Atmospheric Observations over Central Japan Using a Helicopter: Measurements of Hydrogen Peroxide and Formaldehyde by Koichi Watanabe, Mei Jia Jin, Xiao Jing Song, Liu Yang, Kaede Genmoto, Yumeko Ichikawa, Yu Nagahori, Kanji Chimura, Haruka Nagamura

“…However, few measurements were taken in autumn, and future observations are required.…”
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Correction: ‘Observational study comparing heart rate in crying and non-crying but breathing infants at birth’

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Sleep quality in children with hepatic glycogen storage diseases, a prospective observational pilot study by Lucas Agnoletto, Moya Vandeleur, Mary White, Anne‐Marie Adams, Rebecca Halligan, Heidi Peters

“…Conclusion Objective and subjective sleep disturbances and reduced QoL are common within our sample of children with hepatic GSD. From our observations these outcomes may be linked to nutritional overnight interventions, especially OBFs, rather than overnight glucose levels. …”
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Urinary electrolyte parameters in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: A prospective observational study by Rajathadri Hosur Ravikumar, Anjan Trikha, Rashmi Ramachandran, Sudip Kumar Datta, Mrudula Prasanna, Vimi Rewari

“…Methods: A prospective observational study included 111 sepsis patients within 24 h of admission. …”
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Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Levels in Pediatric Kikuchi‐Fujimoto Disease: A Retrospective Observational Analysis by Shintaro Fujiwara, Yousuke Higuchi, Junya Shimizu

“…Low serum alkaline phosphatase levels have frequently been observed in patients with KFD; however, the clinical significance of low serum alkaline phosphatase levels remains unclear. …”
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A prospective observational study on asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy & its effects on maternal & perinatal outcome by K. Mounika, Pramila Gupta, Parveen Yousuff

“…Various adverse outcomes in pregnant women & neonates are observed as variables and their incidences were calculated. …”
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Effectiveness of Vildagliptin in Clinical Practice: Pooled Analysis of Three Korean Observational Studies (the VICTORY Study) by Sunghwan Suh, Sun Ok Song, Jae Hyeon Kim, Hyungjin Cho, Woo Je Lee, Byung-Wan Lee

“…The present observational study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of vildagliptin with metformin in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). …”
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Multi‐Scale Geomagnetic Forcing Derived From High‐Resolution Observations and Their Impacts on the Upper Atmosphere by Cheng Sheng, Yue Deng, William A. Bristow, Yukitoshi Nishimura, Roderick A. Heelis, Christine Gabrielse

“…Multi‐scale ion convection forcing estimated from high‐resolution SuperDARN observations is found to have a very strong meso‐scale component. …”
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Therapeutic alliance impact on analgesic outcomes in a real-world clinical setting: An observational study by Barrachina Jordi, Margarit César, Andreu Blanca, Zandonai Thomas, Ballester Pura, Muriel Javier, Cutillas Esperanza, Peiró Ana M.

“…A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on outpatients (n = 69) using opioids on a long-term basis for the treatment of chronic non-cancer pain, where clinical pharmacologists and pharmacists advised patients about their opioid treatment. …”
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Observations from the U.S. Federal Income Tax to Distinguish Between Measures of Progressivity and Redistributive Capacity by Timoty Mathews

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