Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals molecular mechanisms of resistance in Chinese cabbage to Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotype 11 by Yue Qiu, Yue Qiu, Yue Qiu, Jinhao Zhang, Jinhao Zhang, Chunju Deng, Chunju Deng, Jiasheng Yuan, Jiasheng Yuan, Bowen Wang, Bowen Wang, Han Meng, Han Meng, Mohamed Mohany, Liting Zeng, Liting Zeng, Lanfang Wei, Lanfang Wei, Waqar Ahmed, Guanghai Ji, Guanghai Ji

“…Background and aimsClubroot caused by the soilborne obligate parasite Plasmodiophora brassicae, is a devastating disease of Chinese cabbage and other crucifers. …”
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Development and utilization of Treponema pallidum expressing green fluorescent protein to study spirochete-host interactions and antibody-mediated clearance: expanding the toolbox... by Kristina N. Delgado, Crystal F. Vicente, Christopher M. Hennelly, Farhang Aghakhanian, Jonathan B. Parr, Kevin P. Claffey, Justin D. Radolf, Kelly L. Hawley, Melissa J. Caimano

“…Fluorescent TPA strains provide a powerful new tool for elucidating host-pathogen interactions that enable the syphilis spirochete to establish infection and persistent long-term within its obligate human host.…”
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Divergent paths of mammary gland involution: unveiling the cellular dynamics in abruptly and gradually involuted mouse models by Sarmila Majumder, Sanjay Mishra, Neelam Shinde, Maria C. Cuitino, Morgan Bauer, Dinesh Ahirwar, Mustafa M. Basree, Vijaya Bharti, Kate Ormiston, Resham Mawalkar, Sara Alsammerai, Gautam Sarathy, Anna E. Vilgelm, Xiaoli Zhang, Ramesh K. Ganju, Bhuvaneswari Ramaswamy

“…Our previous study utilizing a murine model demonstrated precancerous changes, specifically hyperplasia, a non-obligate precursor of breast cancer in the mammary glands of AI mice. …”
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Dysbiosis of gut microbiota in COVID-19 is associated with intestinal DNA phage dynamics of lysogenic and lytic infection by Aya Ishizaka, Azumi Tamura, Michiko Koga, Taketoshi Mizutani, Seiya Yamayoshi, Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Atsuhiro Yasuhara, Shinya Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Nagai, Eisuke Adachi, Yutaka Suzuki, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi

“…After the onset of COVID-19, two distinct movement patterns of intestinal phages and their host bacteria were observed: phage- and bacteria-predominant. The abundance of obligate anaerobes, such as Clostridium_sense_strict_1, Fusicatenibacter, and Romboutsia, and the phages hosting these bacteria decreased immediately after the onset of COVID-19, and faster phage recovery was observed compared with bacterial recovery. …”
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First-year dynamics of the anaerobic microbiome and archaeome in infants’ oral and gastrointestinal systems by Charlotte J. Neumann, Rokhsareh Mohammadzadeh, Pei Yee Woh, Tanja Kobal, Manuela-Raluca Pausan, Tejus Shinde, Victoria Haid, Polona Mertelj, Eva-Christine Weiss, Vassiliki Kolovetsiou-Kreiner, Alexander Mahnert, Christina Kumpitsch, Evelyn Jantscher-Krenn, Christine Moissl-Eichinger

“…Our study analyses the role of archaea and obligate anaerobes in the development of the human oral and gut microbiome, with a specific focus on the impact of breastfeeding in this process. …”
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Call for Papers: Constitutions and Intergenerational Justice by IF and FRFG

“…In: Sikora, Richard / Barry, Brian (eds.): Obligations to future generations. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 204-248. …”
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First study on molecular identification of Anaplasma ovis in sheep in southern Kazakhstan by Alexandr Ostrovskii, Madina Kadyrova, Nurdina Yerzhanova, Dinara Kamalova, Amirkhan Kassen, Nailya Tursunbay, Alexandr Shevtsov, Christian Bauer, Kassym Mukanov

“…Background and Aim: Anaplasmosis in small ruminants is a tick-borne infection caused mainly by the obligate intraerythrocytic bacterium Anaplasma ovis. …”
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On the Subject, Purpose and Method of Religious Education as a Practical Metaphysics by Süleyman Gümüş

“…Religious education as practical metaphysics is not obliged to derive its foundational principles from any specific science, as it’s founded on existence (fıṭrah) itself. …”
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The report of Chief of the General Staff of USSR marshal Alexander Jegorov about his visit in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia on 15th-26th of February, 1937 by Zenonas Butkus, Magnus llmjarv

“…Paying that visit as a demonstration of support to Lithuania, the Soviets dodged any concrete obligations to assist it in its struggle against Poland or regain Vilnius. …”
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ALTRE PAROLE DEL «DISSESTO FINANZIARIO»: BANCAROTTA, DECOZIONE, INSOLVENZA by Francesca Fusco

“…It ends, finally, with insolvenza, a term attested in our language since the administrative texts of the Jacobin triennium to denote the ‘manifest state of the debtor who is no longer able to meet his obligations regularly’; this term, despite the condemnations of nineteenth-century Purism, has enjoyed (and enjoys) wide fortune in legal texts, so much so that it has entered as a technicality into legislative documents.   …”
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Débat sur le travail et le soin : de quoi parlons-nous lorsque nous parlons de travail de soin ? by Andrea Barbara Blazsek, Maria Celeste Linardelli, Daniel Garcia, Maria Agustina Diez

“…Elle est devenue vers la fin du XXe siècle un lieu obligé pour les économistes, les féministes, les étudiants et étudiantes en études de genre, qui voulaient dire quelque chose de « nouveau » sur le travail reproductif « traditionnel » et « quotidien » des femmes. …”
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POPULATION STRUCTURE OF LEAF PATHOGENS OF COMMON SPRING WHEAT IN THE WEST ASIAN REGIONS OF RUSSIA AND NORTH KAZAKHSTAN IN 2017 by E. I. Gultyaeva, N. M. Kovalenko, V. P. Shamanin, V. A. Tyunin, E. R. Shreyder, E. L. Shaydayuk, А. I. Morgunov

“…A high degree of similarity between the obligate pathogen P. triticina and the saprophytic pathogen P. tritici-repentis in the West-Asian region of Russia and in North Kazakhstan demonstrates that this is one epidemiological region across this wheat production area. …”
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ADMINISTRATIVE PREREQUISITES FOR FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING OF SMALL BUSINESSES AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL by Natalia Koval, Oksana Kubai, Natalia Germaniuk

“…., the ability of the enterprise to pay its short-term debt obligations with its current assets in the form of working capital when the payment terms are approaching. …”
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Editorial by Jörg Tremmel, Markus Rutsche

“…In his review of Giubilini’s The Ethics of Vaccination, Marius Kunte notes that it contains a “thought-provoking plea” for individual, collective and institutional obligations to reach high vaccination rates. Judith Kausch-Zongo concludes her review of Wright’s Gender, Migration and the Intergenerational Transfer of Human Wellbeing with a special emphasis on the book’s empirical findings, and praises it in its entirety as “undoubtedly important”. …”
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The 7 Rights: an active reflection tool to develop risk awareness for outdoor first aid education

“…Le certificat de formation en plein air (CFPA) oblige tous les enseignants à suivre des cours avancés de premiers secours en milieu sauvage et à distance (PSMSD) dans le cadre d'un cours universitaire dans le but de préparer au mieux les enseignants à garder les étudiants en sécurité à l'extérieur. …”
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Conscientious Objection Based on Patient Identity by John Dinelli

“…Are conscientious objectors morally obligated to refer? Journal of Medical Ethics, medethics-2020-107025. https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2020-107025 [15] ACOG. …”
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Carbon footprint reduction practices in the Olympic Games: a policy mobility approach by Wesselia Isa Ngoenha

“…Policies such as Agenda 2020 are mostly seen as recommendations, not obligations, contributing to accusations of greenwashing and unmet environmental commitments. …”
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Presenting a merit-oriented service compensation system model for veterans in sports by Hoseain Aeinehchi, Mohammad reza Esmaeilzadeh Ghandehari, Hoseain peymanizad, Hasan Fahim Davin

“…Also, in order to improve the fit indices of the model, the terms suggested in accordance with the research literature were used and finally the research model was confirmed, and the GOF value is equal to 0.62 which shows a strong fit to the model.Extended abstractIntroductionThe importance of world's current developments such as economic competition and the increasing growth of global competition (Yazdani et al, 2020), the emergence of conflict and tension between governments (Goby et al, 2015), and the consequences of critical events obliged many governments and organizations in the last decade to reform their human resource management systems, which necessitates adopting new approaches and changing the mentality of senior government managers in human resource management policies such as reward and compensation, recruitment, selection and promotion (Noti Zahi et al., 2022).Service compensation is one of the main elements of the employment relationship between individuals and organizations, and in addition to being the largest operational cost for many organizations, it is considered as a tool to increase organizational performance and sustainable competition (Ivana et al, 2019). …”
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The learning process of physical education lessons in education through virtual education by mahyar yarahmadi, Habib Honari, Meysam Shabaninia

“…Non-attendance teaching of physical education course, which has special conditions and includes practical and movement skills, faces challenges that matching the set goals of the academic courses based on the fundamental transformation document with selected methods of non-attendance education such as messengers, online education, television school and training packages, is one of the most important specific goals of these trainings, of course, should not be only theoretical and knowledge-based, but should provide conditions so that the learner is obliged to follow virtual trainings and practical exercises at the same time, in order to deepen the neural connections of the brain and improve his performance and learning (Qingtao, 2020). …”
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Investigating factors affecting the financial recovery of businesses admitted to the stock exchange by Fatemeh Sahraei, Jafar Jamali, Hamidreza Vakilifard, Ali Zare, Seyed Yaghoub Zeraatkish

“…Finally, the analysis of multilayer artificial neural networks in order to evaluate the reliability of the results in diagnosing and prioritizing the financial recovery of companies shows that, therefore, considering that the tenth principal component is the most important factor in the financial recovery of companies, and citing the magnitude (absolute value) of the coefficients of each variable in the formation of this component, the order of the importance of financial variables in the financial recovery of companies and their exit from bankruptcy can be determined.Extended Abstract                                           IntroductionFinancial helplessness refers to a situation in which the company cannot fully fulfill its obligations to financial providers, and faces difficulties in fulfilling them. …”
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