<i>Clostridium difficile</i>-associated disease by V. T. Ivashkin, O. S. Shifrin, A. S. Tertycnhy, Ye. A. Poluektova, T. L. Lapina, O. S. Lyashenko, K. V. Ivashkin

“…C.difficile is unthrifty on breeding grounds, obligate anaerobic, gram-positive, sporeforming, cytotoxin-producing bacterium. …”
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Challenges faced by women oncologists in Africa: a mixed methods study by Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Reshma Jagsi, Matthew Jalink, Verna Vanderpuye, Nwamaka Lasebikan, Miriam Mutebi, Nazik Hammad, Susan Msadabwe, Laura Carson, Dorothy Chilambe Lombe, Zainab Doleeb, Haimanot Kasahun Alemu, Nesrine Chraiet, Naa Adorkor Aryeetey, Zainab Mohamed, Nazima Jaffer Dharsee, Sitna Mwanzi, Khadija Warfa, Emmanuella Nwachukwu, Edom Seife Woldetsadik, Hirondina Vaz Borges Spencer

“…The top-ranked challenge identified in the Delphi study was ‘pressure to maintain a work–family balance and meet social obligations’. Some of the challenges identified were similar to those in studies on women oncologists outside of Africa while others were unique to this African demographic. …”
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B-phosphatidylethanol testing to identify hazardous alcohol use in primary health care—a game changer and a challenge for general practitioners: a qualitative study by Åsa Steensland, Anna Segernäs, Mårten Larsson, Andrea Johansson Capusan, Lisa Kastbom

“…Emerging ethical dilemmas regarding patient information on PEth testing and management of medical and medico-legal obligations when test results indicate high alcohol use need to be addressed in future guidelines for clinical management of PEth.…”
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The Calicophoron daubneyi genome provides new insight into mechanisms of feeding, eggshell synthesis and parasite-microbe interactions by Shauna M. Clancy, Mark Whitehead, Nicola A. M. Oliver, Kathryn M. Huson, Jake Kyle, Daniel Demartini, Allister Irvine, Fernanda Godoy Santos, Paul-Emile Kajugu, Robert E. B. Hanna, Sharon A. Huws, Russell M. Morphew, J. Herbert Waite, Sam Haldenby, Mark W. Robinson

“…We describe the first characterisation of a helminth PGRP and show that a recombinant C. daubneyi PGRP binds to the surface of bacteria, including obligate anaerobes from the rumen, via specific interaction with cell wall peptidoglycan. …”
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Dryland fungi are spatially heterogeneous and resistant to global change drivers by Andrea Lopez, Mark Anthony, Jovani Catalan‐Dibene, Scott Ferrenberg, Samuel E. Jordan, Brooke Osborne, Sasha Reed, Adriana L. Romero‐Olivares

“…We also show that dryland soils harbor high shares of facultative pathogenic and obligately pathogenic fungal taxa, with several concerning taxa reaching high relative abundances under drought. …”
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Navigating complex choices through legitimation: Narrative strategies in risk-reduction mastectomy decision-making among unaffected women with genetic risk for breast cancer in Swi... by Maria Caiata-Zufferey, Reka Schweighoffer, Monica Aceti, Carla Pedrazzani, Maria C. Katapodi, Souria Aissaoui, Mekdes Alemu, Murat Aykut, Fulvia Brugnoletti, Rachel Bunger, Nicole Bürki, Pierre O. Chappuis, Muriel Fluri, Rossella Graffeo, Karl Heinimann, Ashley Machen, Christian Monnerat, Olivia Pagani, Manuela Rabaglio, Eveline Schönau, Simon Wieser, Ursina Zürrer-Härdi

“…To navigate this uncertainty, women progressively built their decision through a triple process of making sense: framing RRM as an obligated, empowering and mundane choice. This sense-making process is described as a process of legitimation, through which women decide to undergo RRM and integrate it into their life trajectory, ensuring its acceptability for themselves and their social circles. …”
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Updating Labor Legislation in the Context of Introducing Independent Forms of Work: Telecommuting and Work from Home by A. L. Klymenko

“…The author has characterized the mechanism of the organization of telecommuting and work from home according to the draft Law No. 4051, in particular, the author has revealed characteristic features, adaptation mechanism, obligations and responsibilities of the parties, features of measuring the productivity of employees. …”
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Provincial Administration and Local Nobility in Courland in the Middle of the 19th Century by N. A. Mogilevskii

“…As a result, there was a situation in which the German barons considered themselves bound by personal obligations personally with the Russian monarch. This situation, typical of medieval feudal Europe, ran counter to the Russian patrimonial socio-political model, which irritated the Russian elite. …”
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Integralna ochrona środowiska w nauczaniu Jana Pawła II by Wojciech Bołoz

“…Because it is a shared property, it should be of a public concern, therefore , every enterprise that makes use of natural resources is obliged to take care of the environment.…”
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Violent behaviour during sports event or public gathering: Disscutable questions in doctrine and court practice by Marjanović Đorđe B.

“…In the third part of the paper, the author analyzes the position of the article of the Criminal Code in which violent behavior during sports events or other public gatherings is criminalized, and which obligates the courts to impose the security measure of prohibition from attending certain sports events on the perpetrators of this act at sports events. …”
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Accounting treatment of tax credits arising from the exclusion of ICMS from the PIS and COFINS calculation base of publicly traded companies by Douglas Willian Nascimento Schmidt, José Antonio Cescon, Antônio Carlos Brunozi Junior, Julio César Ferreira

“…Contributions of the Study: The main contribution of the study consists of showing that companies, faced with legal uncertainty in the country, make different accounting registration/recognition options when it comes to tax rights/obligations, as the subject supporting the object of the study has been discussed for almost decades until its outcome was favorable to companies in 2021. …”
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Legal incentives in the contractual regulation of marital relations by O. H. Bortnik, T. V. Stepanenko

“…Self-regulation of relevant legal relations through the definition of ways of exercising subjective law allows to balance the needs, subjective rights and legal obligations of each spouse, as well as spouses as parents, to protect their legally protected interests related to the exercise of personal non-property rights as parents, to guarantee the exercise of the rights of the child (children) in accordance with its best interests. …”
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Molecular Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Small Mammals and Infesting Ticks in Laikipia County, Kenya by Erick Titus Mosha, Joseph K. N. Kuria, Moses Otiende, Isaac Lekolool

“…These are sub-microscopic, Gram-negative, obligate intracellular pathogens that infect both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. …”
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Linking Functional Traits To Trophic Roles In Scavenger Assemblages by Violeta Marie Montenegro, Patricia Mateo‐Tomás, Jessica Schneider, Daisy H. Dent, Tom Crowther, Carolina Bello

“…ABSTRACT Scavenging is a widespread feeding strategy involving a diversity of taxa from different trophic levels, from apex predators to obligate scavengers. Scavenger species play a crucial role in ecosystem functioning by removing carcasses, recycling nutrients and preventing disease spread. …”
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Regarding the improvement of organizational and legal regulation of relations in the sphere of protection and use of the animal world and combating poaching during the period of ma... by I. D. Kazanchuk

“…In particular, these are: the proper organization of state administration in the field of protection and use of the animal world; the strengthening the responsibility of citizens and officials for violating the basic requirements and rules of rational use and reproduction of the animal world; the presence of an effective organizational and legal mechanism for the implementation of the rights and obligations of users of animal world objects; the joint actions of the State Environmental Inspection and the Water Police regarding the protection, reproduction and use of rare and endangered animals; the keeping state records of animals and records of their production; the implementation of state and public control in the field of protection, use and reproduction of the animal world; the introduction of new organizational and legal forms and methods of interaction of authorized state bodies and other subjects of combating offenses in the field of animal protection, increasing control over the quality of their implementation; the development of legal eco-education and a system of crime prevention measures; the introduction of modern mechanisms of analytical and logistical support of law enforcement agencies.…”
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Grounds and conditions for the application of preventive measures during the pre-trial investigation of corruption criminal offenses by V. V. Romaniuk, R. I. Login

“…When making a procedural decision, the investigating judge is obliged to take into account the conditions for applying preventive measures in criminal proceedings: the presence of evidence of circumstances indicating the presence of both components of the legal basis for applying preventive measures and the insufficiency of applying milder preventive measures to prevent the risk or risks specified in the request; ensuring the legality of restrictions on the suspect’s rights during criminal proceedings.…”
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Liability of legal entities under public law under the immunity of the foreign state that created them by Yu. M. Zhornokui

“…A characteristic feature of legal immunity is that it provides for additional rights or exemptions from obligations only in the area of legal liability. …”
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Programming Regulation and Strategic Planning in the Health Care Sector by G. V. Muliar

“…These are disadvantages of both the general system of organization and effectiveness of the programs, as well as of certain mechanisms of the implementation, in particular financing of programs on a residual principle (underfunding, and sometimes even its absence); unclear formulation of the purpose and objectives of the programs, which indicate the process rather than the final result; the absence of clearly identified performers and obligated entities; insufficient analytical activity; lack of responsibility for non-compliance with mandatory measures and action plan; insufficient control over funds spending; declarative nature, etc.…”
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TEACHERS’ PROFESSIONAL COMMITMENT AS AN INDICATOR OF PSYCHOLOGICAL READINESS TO THE PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS IMPLEMENTATION by S. A. Minyurova, A. I. Kalashnikov

“…It has been concluded that teacher’s awareness to adopt strict professional obligations is followed by the feeling of enormous emotional expenditure of the chosen profession, being one of the reasons for the increased uneasiness and low readiness of teachers to introduction of the professional standard. …”
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Procedural tactics in the investigation of property damage to a law enforcement officer by A. P. Chyzh

“…It has been established that scene examinations during the investigation of intentional destruction or damage to property of a law enforcement officer are challenging, time-consuming, require the use of various types of special knowledge and skills, and also involve the use of a large number of technical and forensic tools, so the investigator is obliged to treat their planning, preparation and conduct responsibly and ensure their implementation in accordance with the principles of legality, science, comprehensiveness, completeness, thoroughness, etc. …”
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