Functional and structural segregation of overlapping helices in HIV-1 by Maliheh Safari, Bhargavi Jayaraman, Henni Zommer, Shumin Yang, Cynthia Smith, Jason D Fernandes, Alan D Frankel

“…One possible division of nucleotide sequence is that the predominant selective force on a particular nucleotide can be attributed to just one gene. …”
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Unveiling the conserved nature of Heliconia chloroplast genomes: insights from the assembly and analysis of four complete chloroplast genomes by Xin Cheng, Xin Cheng, Chengcheng Shi, Ting Yang, Qijin Ge, W. John Kress, Xin Liu, Xin Liu

“…Our findings also underscore the low nucleotide diversity within the chloroplast genomes of Heliconia species, which could be indicative of their evolutionary history and limited genetic differentiation. …”
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BAC-browser: the tool for synthetic biology by Tatiana A. Semashko, Gleb Y. Fisunov, Georgiy Y. Shevelev, Vadim M. Govorun

“…It helps to design nucleotide sequences and features the following tools: generate nucleotide sequence from amino acid sequences using a codon frequency table for a specific organism, as well as visualization of restriction sites, GC composition, GC skew and secondary structure. …”
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Genetic Basis for Variation of Metalloproteinase-Associated Biochemical Activity in Venom of the Mojave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus) by Ruben K. Dagda, Sardar Gasanov, Ysidro De La OIII, Eppie D. Rael, Carl S. Lieb

“…These findings indicate that differences in nucleotide sequences encoding the mature proteinase domain and noncoding regions contribute to differences in venom metalloproteinase activities among rattlesnakes of the same species.…”
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Movements of the Glandirana Frogs in Japan and South Korea: A Strategy for Defining Geographical Movements of Amphibians by Akira Oike, Koji Tojo, Yoriko Nakamura, Etsuro Ito, Masahisa Nakamura

“…Then, we constructed time-calibrated and RAxML phylogenetic trees based on nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial genes of the Glandirana frogs in Japan and South Korea. …”
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Efficient Strategy to Identify Gene-Gene Interactions and Its Application to Type 2 Diabetes by Donghe Li, Sungho Won

“…The goal of the GWAS is to identify genetic susceptibility to complex diseases by assaying and analyzing hundreds of thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms. However, such tests are computationally demanding and methodologically challenging. …”
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THE COMPARATIVE MOLECULAR GENETICAL STUDY OF ASIAN POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MERCATORUM (DIPTERA; DROSOPHILIDAE) ON THE COI GENE AND ITS1-ITS2 rRNA GENES FRAGMENTS by A. V. Ivannikov, O. V. Vaulin, Yu. A. Koromyslov, I. K. Zakharov

“…The Asian specimens and stock 2328 were identical in ITS1-ITS2 sequences. The low degree of nucleotide differences between the Asian specimens and morphological distinct stock 2328 in the nucleotide sequences of the COI gene fragment and absence of differences in ITS1-ITS2 of rRNA genes indicate that divergence between these two groups is within the intraspecies variation.…”
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HisCoM-PCA: software for hierarchical structural component analysis for pathway analysis based using principal component analysis by Nan Jiang, Sungyoung Lee, Taesung Park

“…HisCoM-PCA is based on principal component analysis (PCA) for dimensional reduction of single nucleotide polymorphisms in each gene, and the HisCoM for pathway analysis. …”
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Enhanced fetal hemoglobin production via dual-beneficial mutation editing of the HBG promoter in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells for β-hemoglobinopathies by Prathibha Babu Chandraprabha, Manoj Kumar K. Azhagiri, Vigneshwaran Venkatesan, Wendy Magis, Kirti Prasad, Sevanthy Suresh, Aswin Anand Pai, Srujan Marepally, Alok Srivastava, Kumarasamypet Murugesan Mohankumar, David I. K. Martin, Saravanabhavan Thangavel

“…However, achieving this goal requires precise nucleotide conversions in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) at therapeutic efficiency, which remains a challenge. …”
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Scaffold-enabled high-resolution cryo-EM structure determination of RNA by Daniel B. Haack, Boris Rudolfs, Shouhong Jin, Alexandra Khitun, Kevin M. Weeks, Navtej Toor

“…Abstract Cryo-EM structure determination of protein-free RNAs has remained difficult with most attempts yielding low to moderate resolution and lacking nucleotide-level detail. These difficulties are compounded for small RNAs as cryo-EM is inherently more difficult for lower molecular weight macromolecules. …”
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DELLA MUTATIONS IN PLANTS WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON WHEAT by G. A. Chebotar, S. V. Chebotar, Yu. M. Sivolap

“…We have performed nucleotide and amino acid sequence search and alignment of the Rht-D1 wheat dwarfing gene and DELLA-encoding genes of other plant species with BLAST and MUSCLE software. …”
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Fitness landscapes of human microsatellites. by Ryan J Haasl, Bret A Payseur

“…To meet this challenge, we focus on microsatellites, repetitive variants that mutate orders of magnitude faster than single nucleotide variants, can harbor substantial variation, and are known to influence biological function in some cases. …”
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MergeReference: A Tool for Merging Reference Panels for HLA Imputation by Seungho Cook, Buhm Han

“…Recently developed computational methods allow the imputation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes using intergenic single nucleotide polymorphism markers. To improve the imputation accuracy in HLA imputation, it is essential to increase the sample size and the diversity of alleles in the reference panel. …”
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Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of 16S rRNA Sequences Identified Two Lineages of Helicobacter pylori Strains Detected from Different Regions in Sudan Suggestive of Differential Evo... by Abeer Babiker Idris, Hadeel Gassim Hassan, Maryam Atif Salaheldin Ali, Sulafa Mohamed Eltaher, Leena Babiker Idris, Hisham N. Altayb, Amin Mohamed Abass, Mustafa Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim, El-Amin Mohamed Ibrahim, Mohamed A. Hassan

“…Molecular detection of H. pylori has shown that 28 (37.33%) of the patients were positive for H. pylori and no significant differences were found in sociodemographic characteristics, endoscopy series, and H. pylori infection. Nucleotide variations were observed at five nucleotide positions (positions 219, 305, 578, 741, and 763–764), and one insertion mutation (750_InsC_751) was present in sixty-seven percent (7/12) of our strains. …”
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Target‐site mutations Ile1781Leu and Ile2041Asn in the ACCase2 gene confer resistance to fluazifop‐p‐butyl and pinoxaden herbicides in a johnsongrass accession from Arkansas, USA... by Fidel González‐Torralva, Jason K. Norsworthy

“…Molecular analysis of both ACCase1 and ACCase2 genes was researched. Nucleotide comparison of ACCase1 between resistant and susceptible accessions showed no single nucleotide polymorphisms. …”
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In silico analysis of mitochondrial DNA genes: implication for conservation of Tor putitora (Hamilton, 1822) by Kushal Thakur, Deepika Sharma, Ankita Sharma, Amit Kumar Sharma, Danish Mahajan, Bhavna Brar, Hishani Kumari, Sandeep Kumar, Madhu Bala, Sunil Kumar, Rakesh Kumar

“…Analysis of COI gene reveals moderate haplotype diversity (0.630) and low Nucleotide diversity (0.00662) whereas Cyt b has higher haplotype diversity (0.804) and low Nucleotide diversity (0.00582). …”
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Isolation, Morphological and Molecular–Phenological Identification of Nematophagous Fungi Inhabiting the Soils of Agricultural Lands in Southern Kazakhstan by Gulzat Kanalbek, Akniyet Zhanuzak, Dmitry Faleev, Aidos Nusupov, Karlygash Mukhatayeva, Kenzhe-Karim Boguspaev

“…Identification of the strains was carried out by the method of determining the direct nucleotide sequence of the region of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer, followed by determination of nucleotide identity with sequences deposited in the international GeneBank database. …”
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Noninvasive detection of twin zygosity using genome‐wide linkage disequilibrium information by Lingrong Kong, Yingjun Yang, Chao Yuan, Xing Wei, Xinyao Zhou, Jia Zhou, Ya Xing, Gang Zou, Qianqian Sun, Luyao Cai, Qiufeng Liang, Yao Zhang, Hongkun Wang, Zesi Liu, Di Wu, Luming Sun

“…It combines fetus‐specific allele frequency analysis with LD block to reduce the number of required single nucleotide polymorphism markers and experiment costs. …”
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Implementation of 454 Life Sciences technology laboratory practices by N. G. Zinyakov, Ye. V. Ovchinnikova, S. P. Lazareva, A. A. Kozlov, I. A. Chvala

“…The article demonstrates possibility of using highly productive pyrophosphate sequencing, also known as 454 Life Sciences technology for investigation of highly variable and understudied infectious viral agents. Genome-wide nucleotide sequences of infectious bronchitis virus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, fowl adenovirus C, and avian adenoassociated virus were determined. …”
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Understanding Epistatic Interactions between Genes Targeted by Non-coding Regulatory Elements in Complex Diseases by Min Kyung Sung, Hyoeun Bang, Jung Kyoon Choi

“…Moreover, the majority of associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms resides in non-coding regions, making it difficult to understand their phenotypic contribution. …”
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