Clinical Significance of Molecular Diagnostic Tools for Bacterial Bloodstream Infections: A Systematic Review by Jean Pierre Rutanga, Therese Nyirahabimana

“…The majority of these tools focus on amplification based techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which allows the detection of nucleic acids (both DNA and small RNAs) that are specific to bacterial species and sequencing or nucleic acid hybridization that allows the detection of bacteria in order to reduce delay of appropriate antibiotic therapy. …”
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Predicted Cold Shock Proteins from the Extremophilic Bacterium Deinococcus maricopensis and Related Deinococcus Species by Michael J. LaGier

“…The Csp, termed Dm-Csp1, contains sequence features of Csps including a conserved cold shock domain and nucleic acid binding motifs. A tertiary model of Dm-Csp1 revealed an anticipated Csp structure containing five anti-parallel beta-strands, and ligand prediction experiments identified N-terminally located residues capable of binding single-stranded nucleic acids. …”
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Functions and applications of RNA interference and small regulatory RNAs by Feng Xuezhu, Guang Shouhong

“…RNAi is a highly conserved gene regulatory phenomenon that recognizes self- and non-self nucleic acids, thereby defending against invasive sequences. …”
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Emerging regulatory mechanisms and functions of biomolecular condensates: implications for therapeutic targets by Soyoung Jeon, Yeram Jeon, Ji-Youn Lim, Yujeong Kim, Boksik Cha, Wantae Kim

“…Recent discoveries have highlighted the crucial role of biomolecular condensates—membrane-less assemblies formed through the condensation of proteins, nucleic acids, and other molecules—in driving efficient and dynamic cellular processes. …”
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Bap, a biofilm matrix protein of Staphylococcus aureus prevents cellular internalization through binding to GP96 host receptor. by Jaione Valle, Cristina Latasa, Carmen Gil, Alejandro Toledo-Arana, Cristina Solano, José R Penadés, Iñigo Lasa

“…The biofilm matrix, composed of exopolysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, plays a well-known role as a defence structure, protecting bacteria from the host immune system and antimicrobial therapy. …”
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Application of ectoine in diseases of the skin and mucous membranes by Piotr Kuna, Dominika Ochab-Krupnik, Anna Mościcka, Piotr Łacwik

“…In addition it reduces oxidative stress and protects nucleic acids from reactive oxygen forms. Ongoing trials confirming its supportive role in several inflammatory conditions are available, including, but not limited to upper respiratory tract infections, allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and ocular conditions. …”
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Identification and Characterization of a Novel Rat MAVS Variant Modulating NFκB Signaling by Ihsan Nalkiran, Hatice Sevim Nalkiran

“…The innate immune response serves as the primary defense against viral infections, with the recognition of viral nucleic acids by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) initiating antiviral responses. …”
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Potential Therapies by Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in CNS Diseases: Focusing on the Neurogenic Niche by Alejandro Luarte, Luis Federico Bátiz, Ursula Wyneken, Carlos Lafourcade

“…Stem cells, as well as most cells, release extracellular vesicles such as exosomes, which are nanovesicles able to target specific cell types and thus to modify their function by delivering proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Exosomes have recently been tested in vivo and in vitro as therapeutic conveyors for the treatment of diseases. …”
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Unraveling the Effect of Immunogenicity on the PK/PD, Efficacy, and Safety of Therapeutic Proteins by Alison Smith, Hugh Manoli, Stacey Jaw, Kimberley Frutoz, Alan L. Epstein, Leslie A. Khawli, Frank-Peter Theil

“…Biotherapeutics tend to be big, bulky, polar molecules comprised of protein and/or nucleic acids. Compared to their small molecule counterparts, they are fragile, labile, and heterogeneous. …”
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Development and Optimization of a Multiplex Real-Time RT-PCR to Detect SARS-CoV-2 in Human Samples by Camilo Castellar-Mendoza, María-Angélica Calderón-Peláez, Jaime E. Castellanos, Myriam L. Velandia-Romero, Carolina Coronel-Ruiz, Sigrid Camacho-Ortega, Lilia J. Bernal-Cepeda, Lady López-Ibarra, Jhann A. Arturo, Félix G. Delgado, Hernando Gutierrez-Barbosa, Sonia Bohorquez-Avila, Johanna Madroñero, Zayda L. Corredor-Rozo, Sandra J. Perdomo-Lara, Angela Fonseca-Benitez, Eliana Calvo

“…PCR and its variants (RT-PCR and qRT-PCR) are valuable and innovative molecular techniques for studying nucleic acids. qPCR has proven to be highly sensitive, efficient, and reproducible, generating reliable results that are easy to analyze. …”
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Exosomes in Ocular Health: Recent Insights into Pathology, Diagnostic Applications and Therapeutic Functions by Noelia Blanco-Agudín, Suhui Ye, Sara González-Fernández, Ignacio Alcalde, Jesús Merayo-Lloves, Luis M. Quirós

“…Exosomes are extracellular vesicles ranging from 30 to 150 nm in diameter that contain proteins, nucleic acids and other molecules. Produced by virtually all cell types, they travel throughout the body until they reach their target, where they can trigger a wide variety of effects by transferring the molecular cargo to recipient cells. …”
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Epitope-imprinted biomaterials with tailor-made molecular targeting for biomedical applications by Youlu Diao, Jia Gao, Yue Ma, Guoqing Pan

“…Epitope imprinting strategy, an improved MIT by imprinting the epitopes of biomolecules (e.g., proteins and nucleic acids), enables to target the entire molecule through recognizing partial epitopes exposed on it, greatly expanding the applicability and simplifying synthesis process of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). …”
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Exosomes Regulate the Transformation of Cancer Cells in Cancer Stem Cell Homeostasis by Jiasheng Xu, Kaili Liao, Weimin Zhou

“…Exosomes, as extracellular vesicles, participate in physiological and pathological processes by transmitting signaling molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. The tumor’s microenvironment consists of many types of cells, including cancer stem cells and mesenchymal cells. …”
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Unveiling the wonders of bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles: From fundamental functions to beneficial applications by Mariam Rima, Mariam Dakramanji, Elie El Hayek, Tia El Khoury, Ziad Fajloun, Mohamad Rima

“…EVs manage numerous physiological processes by transferring bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, between cells. This review delves into the factors influencing the properties of EVs, such as temperature and stress conditions, which collectively influence their size, composition, and functional attributes. …”
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Molecular epidemiological analysis of Influenza viruses in Influenza-like illness cases: a retrospective study in Chongqing Hi-Tech Zone, China (2021–2024) by Wei Cai, Yuhang Deng, Pan Xu, Jianjiang Xue

“…Colloidal gold detection of viral antibodies, fluorescent PCR detection of nucleic acids, and gene sequencing were used to identify the different subtypes. …”
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Prion meeting 2023: implications of a growing field by Tiago F. Outeiro, Tuane C. R. G. Vieira

“…John Stanley Griffith hypothesized that the agent causing these diseases was “probably a protein without nucleic acid” and, in 1982, Stanley Prusiner reported the identification of a proteinaceous infectious particle (coining the term prion) that was resistant to inactivation methods that were at the time standard for nucleic acids, and identified PrP as the major protein component of the infectious agent in scrapie and in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, classifying this also as a prion disease. …”
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Identification of nine mammal monosaccharides by solid-state nanopores by Yunze Sun, Zhuang Mi, Xiaoyu Chen, Jian-Jun Li, Jun Lu, Xinyan Shan, Xinghua Lu, Yuguang Du

“…Abstract Glycans, nucleic acids and proteins are three major classes of natural biopolymers. …”
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Nanopore sequencing of protozoa: Decoding biological information on a string of biochemical molecules into human-readable signals by Branden Hunter, Timothy Cromwell, Hyunjin Shim

“…Biological information is encoded in a sequence of biochemical molecules such as nucleic acids and amino acids, and nanopore sequencing is a long-read sequencing technology capable of directly decoding these molecules into human-readable signals. …”
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Electroporation of mouse embryonic stem cells with Neon device by I. P. Savchenkova, A. A. Savchenkova

“…Electroporation of mouse embryonic stem cells with the new-generation device can bean effective method for in vitro insertion of nucleic acids into the cells of interest to the researcher.…”
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A bird’s-eye view of the biological mechanism and machine learning prediction approaches for cell-penetrating peptides by Maduravani Ramasundaram, Honglae Sohn, Thirumurthy Madhavan

“…Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are highly effective at passing through eukaryotic membranes with various cargo molecules, like drugs, proteins, nucleic acids, and nanoparticles, without causing significant harm. …”
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