Evaluation of Lymphocyte Response to the Induced Oxidative Stress in a Cohort of Ageing Subjects, including Semisupercentenarians and Their Offspring by Federico Sizzano, Sebastiano Collino, Ornella Cominetti, Daniela Monti, Paolo Garagnani, Rita Ostan, Chiara Pirazzini, Maria Giulia Bacalini, Daniela Mari, Giuseppe Passarino, Claudio Franceschi, Alessio Palini

“…Cell membranes, proteins, and nucleic acids become the target of ROS and progressively lose their structure and functions. …”
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A Calorimetric Characterization of Cr(VI)-Reducing Arthrobacter oxydans at Different Phases of the Cell Growth Cycle by Nugzar G. Bakradze, Marina K. Abuladze, Victor M. Sokhadze, Nina V. Asatiani, Nelly A. Sapojnikova, Tamara M. Kartvelishvili, Emma N. Namchevadze, Nelly Y. Tsibakhashvili, Leila V. Tabatadze, Lia V. Lejava, Hoi-Ying Holman

“…In this paper we introduce a new concept of thermal spectrum of the endothermic melting of complex biological systems (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids, ribosomes, membrane structures) in intact cells. …”
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Emerging Strategies for Revascularization: Use of Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Artificial Nanovesicles in Critical Limb Ischemia by Vijay Murali Ravi Mythili, Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran, Raksa Arun, Vasanth Kanth Thasma Loganathbabu, Danyal Reyaz, ArulJothi Kandasamy Nagarajan, Byeong-Cheol Ahn, Prakash Gangadaran

“…They act as carriers of bioactive cargo, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, that can modulate intricate cellular responses associated with ischemic tissue repair and angiogenesis. …”
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The Role of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis by Mohsin H. K. Roshan, Amos Tambo, Nikolai P. Pace

“…TLR9 is activated by CpG motifs in nucleic acids and have been implicated in macrophage activation and the uptake of oxLDL from the circulation. …”
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Amorphous calcium phosphate-coated surfaces as a model for bone microenvironment in prostate cancer by Rebeca San Martin, Prijoyit Das, Tianchun Xue, Morgan Rose Brown, Renata Dos Reis Marques, Michael Essington, Adrian Gonzalez, Rachel Patton McCord

“…We also present modified protocols for subculturing cells and collecting nucleic acids and protein in high-calcium samples. Results: We find that prostate epithelial cell lines show increased adhesion and proliferation when cultured in these amorphous calcium surfaces, accompanied by independence from androgen starvation. …”
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Transcriptome Analysis of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Eggs Subjected to the High Hydrostatic Pressure Treatment by Artur Gurgul, Klaudia Pawlina-Tyszko, Monika Bugno-Poniewierska, Tomasz Szmatoła, Igor Jasielczuk, Stefan Dobosz, Konrad Ocalewicz

“…HHP has been also found to affect biomolecules including nucleic acids, and it may be presumed that HHP administered to the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs disturbs cytoplasmic maternal RNA indispensable for the early embryogenesis. …”
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Roles for Exosomes in the Pathogenesis, Drug Delivery and Therapy of Psoriasis by Yuchao Chen, Huazhen Liu, Yuming He, Bin Yang, Weihui Lu, Zhenhua Dai

“…Especially, engineered exosomes may serve as drug delivery systems for effective delivery of proteins, nucleic acids or other drugs due to their low immunogenicity, good stability and ability to fuse with target cells. …”
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Muscle-derived extracellular vesicles mediate crosstalk between skeletal muscle and other organs by Jiajie Jia, Jiajie Jia, Lu Wang, Lu Wang, Yue Zhou, Peng Zhang, Xiaoping Chen

“…Numerous bioactive molecules are secreted by SKM and transported by extracellular vesicles (EVs), a novel class of mediators of communication between cells and organs that contain various types of cargo molecules including lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. SKM-derived EVs (SKM-EVs) are intercellular communicators with significant roles in the crosstalk between SKM and other organs. …”
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Poly ADP-Ribosylation in a Plant Pathogenic Oomycete <i>Phytophthora infestans</i>: A Key Controller of Growth and Host Plant Colonisation by Viktoriya O. Samarskaya, Sofya Koblova, Tatiana Suprunova, Eugene A. Rogozhin, Nadezhda Spechenkova, Sofiya Yakunina, Andrew J. Love, Natalia O. Kalinina, Michael Taliansky

“…ADP-ribosylation is a reversible modification of proteins and nucleic acids, which controls major cellular processes, including DNA damage repair, cell proliferation and differentiation, metabolism, stress, and immunity in plants and animals. …”
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Salivary biomarkers in cancer - A narrative review by R. Swaathi, Madhu Narayan, Rajkumar Krishnan

“…Saliva contains a diverse array of proteins/peptides, nucleic acids, electrolytes, and hormones derived from a variety of local and systemic sources. …”
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Molecular epidemiological analysis of Influenza viruses in Influenza-like illness cases: a retrospective study in Chongqing Hi-Tech Zone, China (2021–2024) by Wei Cai, Yuhang Deng, Pan Xu, Jianjiang Xue

“…Colloidal gold detection of viral antibodies, fluorescent PCR detection of nucleic acids, and gene sequencing were used to identify the different subtypes. …”
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Proceedings of the 14th European immunogenicity platform open symposium on immunogenicity of biopharmaceuticals by Sophie Tourdot, Daniel Baltrunkonis, Sofie Denies, Viswanath Devanarayan, Joanna Grudzinska-Goebel, Arno Kromminga, Gregor P. Lotz, Laurent Malherbe, Lydia Michaut, Karin N. Weldingh, Joao A. Pedras-Vasconcelos, Laura. I. Salazar-Fontana, Sebastian Spindeldreher, Zuben Sauna, Veerle Snoeck, Daniela Verthelyi, Daniel Kramer

“…With the rapid diversification and complexification of biologics, which today include modalities such as multi-domain antibodies, cell-based products, AAV delivery vectors, and nucleic acids, developers are faced with the challenge of establishing a risk assessment strategy sometimes in the absence of specific regulatory guidelines. …”
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New Insights in the Pathogenesis of HPV Infection and the Associated Carcinogenic Processes: The Role of Chronic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Simona Roxana Georgescu, Cristina Iulia Mitran, Madalina Irina Mitran, Constantin Caruntu, Maria Isabela Sarbu, Clara Matei, Ilinca Nicolae, Sandra Milena Tocut, Mircea Ioan Popa, Mircea Tampa

“…Reactive oxygen species exert a harmful effect on proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Viral oncogenes E5, E6, and E7 are involved in the development of chronic inflammation through various mechanisms. …”
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Bap, a biofilm matrix protein of Staphylococcus aureus prevents cellular internalization through binding to GP96 host receptor. by Jaione Valle, Cristina Latasa, Carmen Gil, Alejandro Toledo-Arana, Cristina Solano, José R Penadés, Iñigo Lasa

“…The biofilm matrix, composed of exopolysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, plays a well-known role as a defence structure, protecting bacteria from the host immune system and antimicrobial therapy. …”
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Exosomal non-coding RNAs in the regulation of bone metabolism homeostasis: Molecular mechanism and therapeutic potential by Chengxiong Huang, Yu Xiao, Liming Qing, Juyu Tang, Panfeng Wu

“…Exos are rich in a variety of bioactive substances, such as non-coding RNAs, nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. In view of the structure of Exos, it can protect the biologically active molecules can be smoothly delivered to the target cells and involved in the regulation of cell function. …”
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Nanopore sequencing of protozoa: Decoding biological information on a string of biochemical molecules into human-readable signals by Branden Hunter, Timothy Cromwell, Hyunjin Shim

“…Biological information is encoded in a sequence of biochemical molecules such as nucleic acids and amino acids, and nanopore sequencing is a long-read sequencing technology capable of directly decoding these molecules into human-readable signals. …”
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Potentialities and critical issues of liquid biopsy in clinical practice: An umbrella review by Nicola Veronese, Claudio Luchini, Stefano Ciriminna, Katia Spinelli, Santo Fruscione, Paola Mattiolo, Miriam Belluzzo, Veronica Messina, Lee Smith, Mario Barbagallo, Walter Mazzucco

“…Background: Liquid biopsy (LB) is a laboratory test performed on a fluid sample aiming at analyzing molecular data derived from circulating cells and related entities, or from nucleic acids. This umbrella review aims to map and evaluate the evidence supporting the use of LB in medicine across different medical specialities and conditions. …”
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Application of ectoine in diseases of the skin and mucous membranes by Piotr Kuna, Dominika Ochab-Krupnik, Anna Mościcka, Piotr Łacwik

“…In addition it reduces oxidative stress and protects nucleic acids from reactive oxygen forms. Ongoing trials confirming its supportive role in several inflammatory conditions are available, including, but not limited to upper respiratory tract infections, allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and ocular conditions. …”
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Identification and Characterization of a Novel Rat MAVS Variant Modulating NFκB Signaling by Ihsan Nalkiran, Hatice Sevim Nalkiran

“…The innate immune response serves as the primary defense against viral infections, with the recognition of viral nucleic acids by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) initiating antiviral responses. …”
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Exosomes Regulate the Transformation of Cancer Cells in Cancer Stem Cell Homeostasis by Jiasheng Xu, Kaili Liao, Weimin Zhou

“…Exosomes, as extracellular vesicles, participate in physiological and pathological processes by transmitting signaling molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. The tumor’s microenvironment consists of many types of cells, including cancer stem cells and mesenchymal cells. …”
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