The Redox System in C. elegans, a Phylogenetic Approach by Andrew D. Johnston, Paul R. Ebert

“…ROS cause oxidative damage to cellular components such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. While the role of ROS in cellular damage is frequently all that is noted, ROS are also important in redox signalling. …”
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DETERMINATION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASESBY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION by Zuneera Akram

“…This research studies will identify active infections such as arboviruses, sexually transmitted diseases and bacterial infections through the identification of infectious agents and nucleic acids via PCRs methods. There must be stronger molecular science to enhance infectious agent detection capabilities to track the spread of infectious diseases and take appropriate measures to support patients and the health workers themselves.  …”
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Nanoarchitectonics of point-of-care diagnostics for sweat biomarkers analysis by Xuan Lin, Arya Vasanth, Aditya Ashok, Hoang-Phuong Phan, Kevin M. Koo, Mohammed A. Amin, Yusuf Valentino Kaneti, Carlos Salomon, Md Shahriar A. Hossain, Yusuke Yamauchi, Mostafa Kamal Masud

“…Sweat contains numerous vital biomarkers such as metabolites, electrolytes, proteins, nucleic acids and antigens that reflect hydration status, exhaustion, nutrition, and physiological changes. …”
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Engineering extracellular vesicles for ROS scavenging and tissue regeneration by Ahmed Abdal Dayem, Ellie Yan, Minjae Do, Yoojung Kim, Yeongseo Lee, Ssang-Goo Cho, Deok-Ho Kim

“…EVs, nano-scale membrane vesicles, mediate intercellular communication by encapsulating a diverse cargo of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Their therapeutic potential lies in delivering cargos, activating signaling pathways, and efficiently mitigating oxidative stress—an essential aspect of overcoming limitations in stem cell-based tissue repair. …”
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Therapeutic application and potential mechanism of plant-derived extracellular vesicles in inflammatory bowel disease by Jinling Li, Ting Luo, Dou Wang, Yao Zhao, Yuanxiang Jin, Guiling Yang, Xin Zhang

“…Background: Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) are membrane vesicles characterized by a phospholipid bilayer as the basic skeleton that is wrapped by various functional components of proteins and nucleic acids. An increasing number of studies have confirmed that PDEVs can be a potential treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and can, to some extent, compensate for the limitations of existing therapies. …”
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Recent advancements in Point-of-Care Detection of Contaminants and Biomarkers in Human Breast Milk: A comprehensive review by Shruti Janakiraman, Rinky Sha, Naresh Kumar Mani

“…It contains amino acids, nucleic acids and the essential immunological components required for the neonate to survive. …”
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Recent advances in polymeric nanoparticles for the treatment of hepatic diseases by Feng Gao, Xuefei Feng, Xinyu Li

“…Furthermore, this paper reviewed the application of polymeric nanoparticles -mainly chitosan (CS), hyaluronic acid (HA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-in liver disease treatment, focusing on their use in various delivery systems for pure bioactive compounds of natural origin, drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, and others. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of the NPs were discussed to provide guidance for further research directions, with the aim of promoting the clinical application of nanotherapeutics in treating hepatic diseases.…”
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NPM1/B23: A Multifunctional Chaperone in Ribosome Biogenesis and Chromatin Remodeling by Mikael S. Lindström

“…At a first glance, ribosome biogenesis and chromatin remodeling are quite different processes, but they share a common problem involving interactions between charged nucleic acids and small basic proteins that may result in unwanted intracellular aggregations. …”
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Extracellular vesicles—a new player in the development of urinary bladder cancer by Damian Kasiński, Kamil Szeliski, Tomasz Drewa, Marta Pokrywczyńska

“…EVs can transport proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids to specific target cells. What brings more attention and potential implications is the fact that cancer cells secrete more EVs than non-malignant cells. …”
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Potential Therapies by Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in CNS Diseases: Focusing on the Neurogenic Niche by Alejandro Luarte, Luis Federico Bátiz, Ursula Wyneken, Carlos Lafourcade

“…Stem cells, as well as most cells, release extracellular vesicles such as exosomes, which are nanovesicles able to target specific cell types and thus to modify their function by delivering proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Exosomes have recently been tested in vivo and in vitro as therapeutic conveyors for the treatment of diseases. …”
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Biomolecular condensates: Formation mechanisms, biological functions, and therapeutic targets by Xin Niu, Lei Zhang, Yuchen Wu, Zhi Zong, Bin Wang, Jisheng Liu, Long Zhang, Fangfang Zhou

“…Abstract Biomolecular condensates are cellular structures composed of membraneless assemblies comprising proteins or nucleic acids. The formation of these condensates requires components to change from a state of solubility separation from the surrounding environment by undergoing phase transition and condensation. …”
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Identification of nine mammal monosaccharides by solid-state nanopores by Yunze Sun, Zhuang Mi, Xiaoyu Chen, Jian-Jun Li, Jun Lu, Xinyan Shan, Xinghua Lu, Yuguang Du

“…Abstract Glycans, nucleic acids and proteins are three major classes of natural biopolymers. …”
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Emerging regulatory mechanisms and functions of biomolecular condensates: implications for therapeutic targets by Soyoung Jeon, Yeram Jeon, Ji-Youn Lim, Yujeong Kim, Boksik Cha, Wantae Kim

“…Recent discoveries have highlighted the crucial role of biomolecular condensates—membrane-less assemblies formed through the condensation of proteins, nucleic acids, and other molecules—in driving efficient and dynamic cellular processes. …”
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Exosomal miRNAs involvement in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by Mahvash Sadeghi, Jalil Tavakol Afshari, Afsane Fadaee, Mohammadreza Dashti, Fatemeh Kheradmand, Sajad Dehnavi, Mojgan Mohammadi

“…They facilitate communication and signalling between cells by transferring a variety of biological substances, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids like mRNA and miRNA. Exosomal miRNAs were shown to be involved in normal and pathological conditions. …”
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PML-RARA Fusion Transcripts Detectable 8 Months prior to Promyelocytic Blast Crisis in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia by Stephanie Wolanin, Robert K. McCall, Mark J. Pettenati, Michael W. Beaty, Giovanni Insuasti-Beltran, Bayard L. Powell, Stacey S. O’Neill

“…We present a 40-year-old male who developed promyelocytic blast crisis 17 months after CML diagnosis, confirmed by the presence of the t(15;17) and t(9;22) translocations in the leukemic cells. Preserved nucleic acids from routine BCR-ABL1 testing provided a unique opportunity to evaluate clonal progression over time. …”
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Stability Constants of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Nickel(II) with Adenine and Some Amino Acids by Naciye Türkel

“…Nickel is also present in nucleic acids, though its function in DNA or RNA is still not clearly understood. …”
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Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in oral and maxillofacial areas by Qianting Wang, Jiayu Sun, Haci Jiang, Mengfei Yu

“…Present in various body fluids and tissues, they act as messengers via the transfer of nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites to recipient cells. …”
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Exosomes in Ocular Health: Recent Insights into Pathology, Diagnostic Applications and Therapeutic Functions by Noelia Blanco-Agudín, Suhui Ye, Sara González-Fernández, Ignacio Alcalde, Jesús Merayo-Lloves, Luis M. Quirós

“…Exosomes are extracellular vesicles ranging from 30 to 150 nm in diameter that contain proteins, nucleic acids and other molecules. Produced by virtually all cell types, they travel throughout the body until they reach their target, where they can trigger a wide variety of effects by transferring the molecular cargo to recipient cells. …”
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Gene Polymorphisms of the antioxidant enzymes NOX, GSTP, and GPX and diabetic nephropathy risk in Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes by Samar Sultan, Meshari Alharbi, Nuha Alrayes, Nehad Makki, Amani Alhozali, Reham Abdulnoor, Aloof Alsawat, Haitham Khalil, Noha Jawi, Ahmed Makeen

“…Hyperglycaemia-mediated increases in free radicals have a deleterious effect on cellular compartments and nucleic acids, leading to imbalances between free radicals and antioxidant enzymes. …”
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Epitope-imprinted biomaterials with tailor-made molecular targeting for biomedical applications by Youlu Diao, Jia Gao, Yue Ma, Guoqing Pan

“…Epitope imprinting strategy, an improved MIT by imprinting the epitopes of biomolecules (e.g., proteins and nucleic acids), enables to target the entire molecule through recognizing partial epitopes exposed on it, greatly expanding the applicability and simplifying synthesis process of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). …”
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