Extracellular Vesicles: Role in Inflammatory Responses and Potential Uses in Vaccination in Cancer and Infectious Diseases by João Henrique Campos, Rodrigo Pedro Soares, Kleber Ribeiro, André Cronemberger Andrade, Wagner Luiz Batista, Ana Claudia Torrecilhas

“…Almost all cells and organisms release membrane structures containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids called extracellular vesicles (EVs), which have a wide range of functions concerning intercellular communication and signaling events. …”
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Virosome, a hybrid vehicle for efficient and safe drug delivery and its emerging application in cancer treatment by Liu Hanqing, Tu Zhigang, Feng Fan, Shi Haifeng, Chen Keping, Xu Ximing

“…Studies have shown that a virosome can carry various biologically active molecules, such as nucleic acids, peptides, proteins and small organic molecules. …”
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Exosome in Crosstalk between Inflammation and Angiogenesis: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Stroke by Yongdan Cun, Yaju Jin, Danli Wu, Li Zhou, Chengcai Zhang, Simei Zhang, Xicheng Yang, null Zuhong Wang, Pengyue Zhang

“…Exosomes are the heterogeneous population of extracellular vesicles which play critical roles in intercellular communication through transmitting various proteins and nucleic acids to nearby and distant recipient cells by body fluids and circulation. …”
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Effects of B9 and B12 vitamins deficiency on the genesis of megaloblastic anemia by Karen Aracelly Tobar Armendariz, Silvia Tatiana Tite Andi

“…Vitamins B9 and B12 participate in the normal synthesis of nucleic acids, being directly involved in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines, as well as cell maturation. …”
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Potential for Isolation of Immortalized Hepatocyte Cell Lines by Liver-Directed In Vivo Gene Delivery of Transposons in Mice by Masahiro Sato, Issei Saitoh, Emi Inada, Shingo Nakamura, Satoshi Watanabe

“…Here, we proposed that a combination of transposon- and liver-directed introduction of nucleic acids may confer acquisition of unlimited cellular proliferative potential on hepatocytes, enabling the possible isolation of immortalized hepatocyte cell lines, which has often failed using more traditional immortalization methods.…”
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Specific Viruses Detected in Nigerian Children in Association with Acute Respiratory Disease by Oluwabukola M. Akinloye, Esa Rönkkö, Carita Savolainen-Kopra, Thedi Ziegler, Bamidele A. Iwalokun, Mope A. Deji-Agboola, Afolabi Oluwadun, Merja Roivainen, Festus D. Adu, Tapani Hovi

“…Validated real-time RT-PCR techniques revealed nucleic acids of at least one virus group in 189 specimens (77%). …”
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Human Breast Carcinomal Tissues Display Distinctive FTIR Spectra: Implication for the Histological Characterization of Carcinomas by Tiyu Gao, Jun Feng, Yunxiang Ci

“…Some distinctive spectral differences which are mainly due to nucleic acids and proteins are observed between normal and carcinomal tissues. …”
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Tumor-Related Exosomes Contribute to Tumor-Promoting Microenvironment: An Immunological Perspective by Wuzhen Chen, Jingxin Jiang, Wenjie Xia, Jian Huang

“…Exosomes are a kind of cell-released membrane-form structures which contain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These vesicular organelles play a key role in intercellular communication. …”
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Functional large-conductance calcium and voltage-gated potassium channels in extracellular vesicles act as gatekeepers of structural and functional integrity by Shridhar Sanghvi, Divya Sridharan, Parker Evans, Julie Dougherty, Kalina Szteyn, Denis Gabrilovich, Mayukha Dyta, Jessica Weist, Sandrine V. Pierre, Shubha Gururaja Rao, Dan R. Halm, Tingting Chen, Panagiotis S. Athanasopoulos, Amalia M. Dolga, Lianbo Yu, Mahmood Khan, Harpreet Singh

“…EVs deliver proteins, metabolites, and nucleic acids into recipient cells to effectively alter their physiological and biological response. …”
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Research progress on the role of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease by Jiangyuan Jin, Mianzhi Zhang

“…Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain cell-derived membrane proteins, nucleic acids (such as DNA and RNA) and other important cellular components and are involved in intercellular information and substance transmission. …”
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Unveiling the wonders of bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles: From fundamental functions to beneficial applications by Mariam Rima, Mariam Dakramanji, Elie El Hayek, Tia El Khoury, Ziad Fajloun, Mohamad Rima

“…EVs manage numerous physiological processes by transferring bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, between cells. This review delves into the factors influencing the properties of EVs, such as temperature and stress conditions, which collectively influence their size, composition, and functional attributes. …”
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Unraveling the Effect of Immunogenicity on the PK/PD, Efficacy, and Safety of Therapeutic Proteins by Alison Smith, Hugh Manoli, Stacey Jaw, Kimberley Frutoz, Alan L. Epstein, Leslie A. Khawli, Frank-Peter Theil

“…Biotherapeutics tend to be big, bulky, polar molecules comprised of protein and/or nucleic acids. Compared to their small molecule counterparts, they are fragile, labile, and heterogeneous. …”
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The unexpected role of the STING protein in lipid metabolism by Vila, Isabelle K., Laguette, Nadine

“…Detection of cytosolic pathological nucleic acids is a key step for the initiation of innate immune responses. …”
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Development and Optimization of a Multiplex Real-Time RT-PCR to Detect SARS-CoV-2 in Human Samples by Camilo Castellar-Mendoza, María-Angélica Calderón-Peláez, Jaime E. Castellanos, Myriam L. Velandia-Romero, Carolina Coronel-Ruiz, Sigrid Camacho-Ortega, Lilia J. Bernal-Cepeda, Lady López-Ibarra, Jhann A. Arturo, Félix G. Delgado, Hernando Gutierrez-Barbosa, Sonia Bohorquez-Avila, Johanna Madroñero, Zayda L. Corredor-Rozo, Sandra J. Perdomo-Lara, Angela Fonseca-Benitez, Eliana Calvo

“…PCR and its variants (RT-PCR and qRT-PCR) are valuable and innovative molecular techniques for studying nucleic acids. qPCR has proven to be highly sensitive, efficient, and reproducible, generating reliable results that are easy to analyze. …”
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Functions and applications of RNA interference and small regulatory RNAs by Feng Xuezhu, Guang Shouhong

“…RNAi is a highly conserved gene regulatory phenomenon that recognizes self- and non-self nucleic acids, thereby defending against invasive sequences. …”
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Menopause mysteries: the exosome-inflammation connection by Aarushi Sultania, Subhashini Brahadeeswaran, Aparna Eledath Kolasseri, Sivaraman Jayanthi, Ramasamy Tamizhselvi

“…Abstract Extracellular vesicles, or exosomes, are produced by every type of cell and contain metabolites, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Their role in health and disease is to influence different aspects of cell biology and to act as intermediaries between cells. …”
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A hammerhead ribozyme selects mechanically stable conformations for catalysis against viral RNA by Man Lu, Zhiqiang Cao, Luoan Xiong, Hongying Deng, Kangkang Ma, Ning Liu, Yanding Qin, Shen-Bo Chen, Jun-Hu Chen, Yao Li, Yijin Liu, Zhongbo Yu

“…Abstract Ribozymes, widely found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, target nucleic acids and can be engineered as biotechnical tools or for gene regulation or immune therapy. …”
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Klebsiella pneumoniae derived outer membrane vesicles mediated bacterial virulence, antibiotic resistance, host immune responses and clinical applications by Lifeng Li, Xinxiu Xu, Ping Cheng, Zengyuan Yu, Mingchao Li, Zhidan Yu, Weyland Cheng, Wancun Zhang, Huiqing Sun, Xiaorui Song

“…Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical vesicles containing bioactive substances including lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycans, periplasmic and cytoplasmic proteins, and nucleic acids. Emerging studies have reported various roles of OMVs in bacterial virulence, antibiotic resistance, stress adaptation, and host interactions, whereas knowledge on their roles in K. pneumoniae is currently unclear. …”
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Consequences of Hyperoxia and the Toxicity of Oxygen in the Lung by William J. Mach, Amanda R. Thimmesch, J. Thomas Pierce, Janet D. Pierce

“…Pathophysiological processes are associated with increased levels of hyperoxia-induced reactive O2 species (ROS) which may readily react with surrounding biological tissues, damaging lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Protective antioxidant defenses can become overwhelmed with ROS leading to oxidative stress. …”
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The Effect of Edible Mushroom on Health and Their Biochemistry by Anmut Assemie, Galana Abaya

“…They contain varying amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, minerals, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, steroids, and lectins and vitamins, as well as lowering cholesterol levels in the body. …”
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