Effects of Exercise on Cognitive Performance in Older Adults: A Narrative Review of the Evidence, Possible Biological Mechanisms, and Recommendations for Exercise Prescription by Adria Quigley, Marilyn MacKay-Lyons, Gail Eskes

“…Attention then turns to four main biological mechanisms that appear to underlie exercise-induced cognitive improvement, including the upregulation of growth factors and neuroplasticity, inhibition of inflammatory biomarker production, improved vascular function, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation. …”
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Effect of Opioid on Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis by Yue Zhang, Horace H. Loh, Ping-Yee Law

“…We further look into the future directions in studying the convergence between the adult neurogenesis field and opioid addiction field, since the adult-born granular cells were shown to play a role in neuroplasticity and may help to reduce the vulnerability to drug craving and relapse.…”
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Cholecystokinin facilitates the formation of long-term heterosynaptic plasticity in the distal subiculum by Fengwen Huang, Abdul Baset, Stephen Temitayo Bello, Xi Chen, Jufang He

“…Cholecystokinin (CCK), is the most abundant neuropeptide in the central nervous system, which broadly regulates the animal’s physiological status at multiple levels, including neuroplasticity and its behavioral consequences. Here, we uncover that exogenous CCK potentiates the excitatory synaptic transmission in the CA1-SUB projections via CCK-B receptor. …”
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Case report: Significant lesion reduction and neural structural changes following ibogaine treatments for multiple sclerosis by David Qixiang Chen, José Adalberto Inzunza Domínguez, Juan Manuel Valle Uzeta, Abhiram P. Pushparaj, Abhiram P. Pushparaj, Jonathan E. Dickinson

“…These findings suggest that ibogaine may promote neuroplasticity and modulate neurocircuitry involved in MS pathology.…”
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Neural plasticity in early potters: Shape analysis and TMS-EEG co-registration trace the rise of a new motor skill. by Vanessa Forte, Luisa Sartori, Antonino Visalli, Mustafa Yildirim, Gaspare Galati, Massimo Vidale, Emanuela Faresin, Antonino Vallesi

“…Archaeological methods were integrated with neuroscience techniques to explore the impact on neuroplasticity resulting from the introduction of early pottery techniques. …”
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Relationship between Zinc (Zn2+) and Glutamate Receptors in the Processes Underlying Neurodegeneration by Bartłomiej Pochwat, Gabriel Nowak, Bernadeta Szewczyk

“…On the one hand, glutamate transmission is necessary for neuroplasticity, synaptogenesis, or cell survival, but on the other hand an excessive and long-lasting increased level of glutamate in the synapse may lead to cell death. …”
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Electroconvulsive shock and transcranial magnetic stimulation do not alter the survival or spine density of adult-born striatal neurons. by Tara Gaertner, Tian Rui Zhang, Baran Askari, Fidel Vila-Rodriguez, Jason S Snyder

“…Since striatal dysfunction occurs in Parkinson's disease, which is amenable to neurostimulation therapies, we investigated whether electroconvulsive shock (ECS) or transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) modulate neuroplasticity of adult-born striatal neurons. Adult-born cells were labelled in transgenic mice and 8 days later mice were given 10 stimulations over the course of 3 weeks. …”
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The immunological perspective of major depressive disorder: unveiling the interactions between central and peripheral immune mechanisms by Wenli Jiao, Jiayi Lin, Yanfang Deng, Yelin Ji, Chuoyi Liang, Sijia Wei, Xi Jing, Fengxia Yan

“…Within the central nervous system, aberrant microglial and astrocytes activation, cytokine imbalances, and compromised blood-brain barrier integrity propagate neuroinflammation, disrupting neurotransmission, impairing neuroplasticity, and promoting neuronal injury. The crosstalk between peripheral and central immunity creates a vicious cycle exacerbating depressive neuropathology. …”
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From Abnormal Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity in Down Syndrome Mouse Models to Cognitive Disability in Down Syndrome by Nathan Cramer, Zygmunt Galdzicki

“…In this review, we will highlight some of the neurophysiological changes that we believe reduce the ability of trisomic neurons to undergo neuroplasticity-related adaptations. We will focus primarily on hippocampal networks which appear to be particularly impacted in DS and where consequently the majority of cellular and neuronal network research has been performed using DS animal models, in particular the Ts65Dn mouse. …”
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Spinal Excitability Changes after Transspinal and Transcortical Paired Associative Stimulation in Humans by Maria Knikou

“…Paired associative stimulation (PAS) produces enduring neuroplasticity based on Hebbian associative plasticity. …”
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Therapeutic Potentials of Synapses after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Comprehensive Review by Zunjia Wen, Dong Li, Meifen Shen, Gang Chen

“…Second, we briefly describe several key synaptic proteins involved in neuroplasticity, which may be novel neuronal targets for specific intervention. …”
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Design of a Savitzky-Golay Filter-Based vEMG-FES System by Ruikai Cao, Yixuan Sheng, Anqin Dong, Honghai Liu

“…It is evident that voluntary effort plays a crucial role in electrical stimulation rehabilitation, facilitating neuroplasticity enhancement in patients with neurological disorders. …”
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Taking Sides: An Integrative Review of the Impact of Laterality and Polarity on Efficacy of Therapeutic Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Anomia in Chronic Poststroke Ap... by Margaret Sandars, Lauren Cloutman, Anna M. Woollams

“…Anomia is a frequent and persistent symptom of poststroke aphasia, resulting from damage to areas of the brain involved in language production. Cortical neuroplasticity plays a significant role in language recovery following stroke and can be facilitated by behavioral speech and language therapy. …”
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LSVT LOUD and LSVT BIG: Behavioral Treatment Programs for Speech and Body Movement in Parkinson Disease by Cynthia Fox, Georg Ebersbach, Lorraine Ramig, Shimon Sapir

“…In addition, the intensive mode of delivery is consistent with principles that drive activity-dependent neuroplasticity and motor learning. The purpose of this paper is to provide an integrative discussion of the LSVT Programs including the rationale for their fundamentals, a summary of efficacy data, and a discussion of limitations and future directions for research.…”
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Das Kind mit APD und CAPD: Untersuchung zentraler auditiver Verarbeitungsstörungen und der Wirksamkeit des Hörtrainings by Agnieszka Kuniczuk

“…The child’s condition was evaluated using an interview sheet, tests examining Central Auditory Processing Disorders, and methods and techniques aimed at neural networks to enhance brain neuroplasticity and improve Central Auditory Processing Disorders. …”
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Exercise Intervention Associated with Cognitive Improvement in Alzheimer’s Disease by Meng Ying Cui, Yang Lin, Ji Yao Sheng, Xuewen Zhang, Ran Ji Cui

“…MCI is the preclinical stage of AD in which neurodegeneration may be reversed via neuroplasticity. Therefore, taking exercise intervention in the early stage of MCI and healthy aging at the risk of AD could slow down the process of cognitive impairment and provide a promising cost-effective nonpharmacological therapy to dementia.…”
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Improving reading competence in aphasia with combined aerobic exercise and phono-motor treatment: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial. by Olga Boukrina, Elizabeth B Madden, Brian M Sandroff, Xiangqin Cui, Abubakar Yamin, Yekyung Kong, William W Graves

“…AET, known for its positive impact on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygenation, is hypothesized to facilitate neuroplasticity when administered before PMT, an intensive therapy aimed at strengthening phonological processing. …”
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Ketamine does not rescue plaque load or gap detection in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by Alexa L. Wright, Aldis P. Weible, Olivia B. Estes, Michael Wehr

“…Ketamine has received growing attention for its effects on neuroplasticity and neuroinflammation, and as a treatment for depression and other mental health disorders. …”
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Nerve root magnetic stimulation regulates the synaptic plasticity of injured spinal cord by ascending sensory pathway by Ya Zheng, Lingyun Cao, Dan Zhao, Qi Yang, Chunya Gu, Yeran Mao, Guangyue Zhu, Yulian Zhu, Jing Zhao, Dongsheng Xu

“…However, our understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms by which nerve root magnetic stimulation facilitates motor function recovery in the spinal cord is limited, and its role in neuroplasticity remains unclear. In this study, we established a model of spinal cord injury in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats by applying moderate compression at the T10 vertebra. …”
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From Molecule to Patient Rehabilitation: The Impact of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Magnetic Stimulation on Stroke—A Narrative Review by Anca Badoiu, Smaranda Ioana Mitran, Bogdan Catalin, Tudor Adrian Balseanu, Aurel Popa-Wagner, Florin Liviu Gherghina, Carmen Valeria Albu, Raluca Elena Sandu

“…This modulation includes the reduction of the inflammatory response, autophagy suppression, antiapoptotic effects, angiogenesis enhancement, alterations in the blood-brain barrier permeability, attenuation of oxidative stress, influence on neurotransmitter metabolism, neurogenesis, and enhanced structural neuroplasticity. The favorable effects have been demonstrated at the cellular level in animal models and are supported by clinical studies. …”
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