Chronic Rapamycin Prevents Electrophysiological and Morphological Alterations Produced by Conditional Pten Deletion in Mouse Cortex by Jason S. Hauptman, Joseph Antonios, Gary W. Mathern, Michael S. Levine, Carlos Cepeda

“…Compared with control mice, CPNs from Pten^-/- mice demonstrated increased membrane capacitance and time constant in association with increased neuronal somatic size, reduced neuronal firing, and decreased frequency of spontaneous and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents, consistent with decreased pre-synaptic GABA release. …”
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Different Current Intensities of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Do Not Differentially Modulate Motor Cortex Plasticity by Dawson J. Kidgell, Robin M. Daly, Kayleigh Young, Jarrod Lum, Gregory Tooley, Shapour Jaberzadeh, Maryam Zoghi, Alan J. Pearce

“…Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive technique that modulates the excitability of neurons within the motor cortex (M1). Although the aftereffects of anodal tDCS on modulating cortical excitability have been described, there is limited data describing the outcomes of different tDCS intensities on intracortical circuits. …”
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Effects of <italic>Cistanche Deserticola</italic> on Behavior and Expression of GSK-3β in Hippocampus of Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease by Shasha YANG, Wei QIN, Shiya CHEN, Jing CAI

“…In the Western Blotting, the protein expression of GSK-3β, β-catenin and p-β-catenin in model group were significantly increased compared with normal group (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01); compared with model group, the protein expression of GSK-3β was respectively decreased in middle and high dose group (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01), the protein expression of β-catenin was respectively increased in low, middle and high dose group (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01), and the protein expression of p-β-catenin in low, middle and high dose group was respectively decreased (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01, <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05).Conclusion:<italic>Cistanche deserticola</italic> can improve the behavior disorder in Parkinson's disease, and its mechanism is probably related with inhibiting the activity of GSK-3β and expression of p-β-catenin, increasing the expression of β-catenin to start the Wnt signaling pathway and protect the PD neurons.…”
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Reactivation of mTOR signaling slows neurodegeneration in a lysosomal sphingolipid storage disease by Hongling Zhu, Y. Terry Lee, Colleen Byrnes, Jabili Angina, Danielle A. Springer, Galina Tuymetova, Mari Kono, Cynthia J. Tifft, Richard L. Proia

“…This accumulation occurs primarily in neurons, and leads to progressive neurodegeneration through a largely unknown process. …”
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Anger Emotional Stress Influences VEGF/VEGFR2 and Its Induced PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway by Peng Sun, Sheng Wei, Xia Wei, Jieqiong Wang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Mingqi Qiao, Jibiao Wu

“…Fluoxetine administration ameliorated behavioral abnormalities and damage to hippocampal neurons caused by anger emotional stress, as well as abnormal expression of some proteins in VEGF/VEGFR2 and its induced PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway. …”
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FGF2 Attenuates Neural Cell Death via Suppressing Autophagy after Rat Mild Traumatic Brain Injury by Chonghui Tang, Yudong Shan, Yilan Hu, Zhanjian Fang, Yun Tong, Mengdan Chen, Xiaojie Wei, Xiaojun Fu, Xinlong Xu

“…Our results indicated that pretreatment of FGF2 played a neuroprotective role in the early stage of rat mild TBI through alleviating brain edema, reducing neurological deficits, preventing tissue loss, and increasing the number of surviving neurons in injured cortex and the ipsilateral hippocampus. …”
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Effects of exercise training on nigrostriatal neuroprotection in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review by Shahid Ishaq, Iqbal Ali Shah, Shin-Da Lee, Shin-Da Lee, Bor-Tsang Wu

“…It also inhibited the ASC and NLRP3 inflammasome complex and reduced the BAX/ Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-1/3 proteins, thereby decreasing neuronal apoptosis in the nigrostriatum. Exercise training elevated the expression of Pro-BDNF, BDNF, GDNF, TrkB, and Erk1/2, providing neurotrophic support to dopaminergic neurons. …”
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Angiogenesis Regulated by Electroacupuncture Combined with Rehabilitation Training in Cerebral Ischemia Involved in PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway by Wenchao YAO, Mengxing LI, Qing LIU, Mingyue TONG, Peng HE, Wei TANG

“…The ultrastructure of neurons in ischemic area was observed by transmission electron microscope. …”
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Motor Unit Sampling From Intramuscular Micro-Electrode Array Recordings by Agnese Grison, Jaime Ibanez Pereda, Dario Farina

“…Recordings of electrical activity from muscles allow us to identify the activity of pools of spinal motor neurons that send the neural drive for muscle activation. …”
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Development and in vitro evaluation of biomimetic injectable hydrogels from decellularized human nerves for central nervous system regeneration by Gopal Agarwal, Kennedy Moes, Christine E. Schmidt

“…Human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exhibited higher viability and improved neuronal differentiation in iHPN compared to TCP. Human brain neurons had higher neuronal differentiation within iHPN compared to TCP or collagen hydrogels. …”
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Biomechanics Parameters of Gait Analysis to Characterize Parkinson’s Disease: A Scoping Review by Michela Russo, Marianna Amboni, Noemi Pisani, Antonio Volzone, Danilo Calderone, Paolo Barone, Francesco Amato, Carlo Ricciardi, Maria Romano

“…Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by a slow, short-stepping, shuffling gait pattern caused by a combination of motor control limitations due to a reduction in dopaminergic neurons. Gait disorders are indicators of global health, cognitive status, and risk of falls and increase with disease progression. …”
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Nanonaringenin and Vitamin E Ameliorate Some Behavioral, Biochemical, and Brain Tissue Alterations Induced by Nicotine in Rats by Mohamed A. Kandeil, Eman T. Mohammed, Rania A. Radi, Fatma Khalil, Abdel-Razik H. Abdel-Razik, Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim, Ghada M. Safwat

“…Thickening and congestion of the meninges and degeneration of the cerebral neurons and glia cells were observed. Cosupplementation with NNG, vitamin E, and their combination with nicotine was beneficial in the alleviation of activity impairments and improved short memory and cognition defects and exploratory behaviors. …”
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Drosulfakinin signaling encodes early-life memory for adaptive social plasticity by Jiwon Jeong, Kujin Kwon, Terezia Klaudia Geisseova, Jongbin Lee, Taejoon Kwon, Chunghun Lim

“…In fact, transgenic manipulations of the DSK neuron activity were sufficient to imitate the state of social experience. …”
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MiR-107-3p/Atp6v0e1 contributes to protective effects of two selenium-containing peptides,TSeMMM and SeMDPGQQ on lead-induced neurotoxicity by Yong Fang, Tianhang Huang, Jian Wu, Xieqi Luo, Fengjiao Fan, Peng Li, Jian Ding, Xinyang Sun

“…In this study, RNA-sequencing and miRNA-sequencing were used to independently identify differentially expressed mRNAs and small RNAs profi les in Pb2+-treated primary fetal rat cortical neurons and then the correlated miRNA-mRNA target pairs were obtained. …”
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Parkinson’s Disease Prediction: An Attention-Based Multimodal Fusion Framework Using Handwriting and Clinical Data by Sabrina Benredjem, Tahar Mekhaznia, Abdulghafor Rawad, Sherzod Turaev, Akram Bennour, Bourmatte Sofiane, Abdulaziz Aborujilah, Mohamed Al Sarem

“…Our focus in this investigation is on PD, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, leading to motor disturbances. …”
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Kinetics, central composite design and artificial neural network modelling of ciprofloxacin antibiotic photodegradation using fabricated cobalt-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles by Asmaa I. Meky, Mohamed A. Hassaan, Mohamed A. El-Nemr, Howida A. Fetouh, Amel M. Ismail, Ahmed El Nemr

“…After experimenting with various configurations, the best results with a correlation value (R 2) of 0.9780 for data validation were obtained using a three-hidden layered network that included five, five, and eight neurons, respectively.…”
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Dopamine receptors and key elements of the neurotrophins (BDNF, CDNF) expression patterns during critical periods of ontogenesis in the brain structures of mice with autism-like be... by P. D. Pravikova, M. A. Arssan, E. A. Zalivina, E. M. Kondaurova, E. A. Kulikova, I. I. Belokopytova, V. S. Naumenko

“…The obtained results suggest that the decrease in the expression levels of CDNF, BDNF-TrkB and dopamine receptors in the frontal cortex in the postnatal period can lead to significant changes in both the morphology of neurons and dopamine neurotransmission in cortical brain structures. …”
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Rutin via Increase in the CA3 Diameter of the Hippocampus Exerted Antidepressant-Like Effect in Mouse Model of Maternal Separation Stress: Possible Involvement of NMDA Receptors by Maryam Anjomshoa, Shakiba Nasiri Boroujeni, Sorayya Ghasemi, Zahra Lorigooini, Ahmad Amiri, Shima Balali-dehkordi, Hossein Amini-khoei

“…The CA3 diameter and percentage of dark neurons in the hippocampus of MS mice significantly decreased and increased, respectively, which partially reversed following rutin administration. …”
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Platelets tune fear memory in mice by Stefano Garofalo, Alessandro Mormino, Letizia Mazzarella, Germana Cocozza, Arianna Rinaldi, Erika Di Pietro, Maria Amalia Di Castro, Eleonora De Felice, Laura Maggi, Giuseppina Chece, Diego Andolina, Rossella Ventura, Donald Ielpo, Roberto Piacentini, Myriam Catalano, Lucia Stefanini, Cristina Limatola

“…Both NK cells and platelet depletion reduce the activation of hippocampal inhibitory neurons and increase the long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission. …”
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Evasion of Early Antiviral Responses by Herpes Simplex Viruses by Paula A. Suazo, Francisco J. Ibañez, Angello R. Retamal-Díaz, Marysol V. Paz-Fiblas, Susan M. Bueno, Alexis M. Kalergis, Pablo A. González

“…Further, we discuss how HSVs evade detection by host cells and the molecular mechanisms evolved by these viruses to circumvent early antiviral mechanisms, ultimately leading to neuron infection and the establishment of latency.…”
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