Clothianidin and Thiacloprid Mixture Administration Induces Degenerative Damage in the Dentate Gyrus and Alteration in Short-Term Memory in Rats by Alejandra Mora-Gutiérrez, Jorge Guevara, Carmen Rubio, Minerva Calvillo-Velasco, Daniela Silva-Adaya, Socorro Retana-Márquez, Blanca Espinosa, Carmen Martínez-Valenzuela, Moisés Rubio-Osornio

“…Likewise, the brains of these animals showed tissue architecture loss, nucleosomal retraction, and a significant increase in the pycnosis of the granular neurons of the dentate gyrus analyzed at 72 h after the last dose (P=0.0125). …”
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Human APP Gene Expression Alters Active Zone Distribution and Spontaneous Neurotransmitter Release at the Drosophila Larval Neuromuscular Junction by Ekaterina A. Saburova, Alexander N. Vasiliev, Violetta V. Kravtsova, Elena V. Ryabova, Andrey L. Zefirov, Olga I. Bolshakova, Svetlana V. Sarantseva, Igor I. Krivoi

“…To express human genes in motor neurons of Drosophila, the UAS-GAL4 system was used. …”
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The Role of the Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Parkinson’s Disease by Maurizio Gabrielli, Lorenzo Zileri Dal Verme, Maria Assunta Zocco, Enrico Celestino Nista, Veronica Ojetti, Antonio Gasbarrini

“…Background/Objectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons leading to debilitating motor and non-motor symptoms. …”
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Immunohistochemistry for (Pro)renin Receptor in Humans by Satoshi Morimoto, Noriko Morishima, Daisuke Watanabe, Yoichiro Kato, Noriyuki Shibata, Atsuhiro Ichihara

“…In the brain, (pro)renin receptor staining was detected in neurons throughout all areas, especially in the medulla oblongata, paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus, cerebrum, granular layer of the hippocampus, Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum, and the pituitary anterior and posterior lobes. …”
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Dysregulation of Metabolic Peptides Precedes Hyperinsulinemia and Inflammation Following Exposure to Rotenone in Rats by Vandana Zaman, Denise Matzelle, Naren L. Banik, Azizul Haque

“…While prodromal symptoms, such as loss of smell, constipation, sleep disorder, anxiety/depression, and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of rotenone-treated animals, have been reported, alterations of metabolic hormones and hyperinsulinemia remain largely unknown and need to be investigated. …”
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State-of-Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Based on Improved RBF Neural Networks by Li Zhang, Min Zheng, Dajun Du, Yihuan Li, Minrui Fei, Yuanjun Guo, Kang Li

“…Secondly, a RBF neural model for battery pack SOC estimation is constructed using the FRA strategy to prune redundant hidden layer neurons. Then, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to optimize the kernel parameters. …”
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Neuroligin-3 R451C induces gain-of-function gene expression in astroglia in an astroglia-enriched brain organoid model by Rui Dang, Mridul Dalmia, Ziyuan Ma, Mengmeng Jin, Kushal Aluru, Vincent R. Mirabella, Ava V. Papetti, Li Cai, Peng Jiang

“…Cell adhesion molecules, such as NRXN and NLGN, are essential in regulating interactions between astroglia and neurons. We further discovered that brain organoids derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) harboring the autism-associated NLGN3 R451C mutation exhibit increased astrogliogenesis. …”
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Mitochondrial- and Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease: From Pathogenesis to Biomarkers by E. Ferreiro, I. Baldeiras, I. L. Ferreira, R. O. Costa, A. C. Rego, C. F. Pereira, C. R. Oliveira

“…Pathological changes in the AD brain include the presence of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, loss of neurons and synapses, and oxidative damage. These changes strongly associate with mitochondrial dysfunction and stress of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). …”
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Mapping dynamic regulation of gene expression using single-cell transcriptomics and application to complex disease genetics by Hanna Abe, Phillip Lin, Dan Zhou, Douglas M. Ruderfer, Eric R. Gamazon

“…Here, we develop genetic models of cell-type-specific and cell-state-adjusted gene expression in mid-brain neurons undergoing differentiation from induced pluripotent stem cells. …”
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Vitamin B6 Deficiency Induces Autism-Like Behaviors in Rats by Regulating mTOR-Mediated Autophagy in the Hippocampus by Lijuan Chen, Jing Li, Xinglian Liu, Zhiwei Zhao, Yan Jin, Yikun Fu, Aiqin Zhou, Chengqun Wang, Yan Zhou

“…Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) generation and synaptic inhibition of neurons in the hippocampus of rat were detected via immunofluorescence staining, followed by the measurement of GABA concentration through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). …”
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Inhibition of Cathepsin S Produces Neuroprotective Effects after Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice by Jianguo Xu, Handong Wang, Ke Ding, Xinyu Lu, Tao Li, Jiawei Wang, Chunxi Wang, Jian Wang

“…Additionally, administration of LHVS led to a decrease in neuronal degeneration and improved neurobehavioral function. …”
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Investigating Feed-Forward Back-Propagation Neural Network with Different Hyperparameters for Inverse Kinematics of a 2-DoF Robotic Manipulator: A Comparative Study by Rania Bouzid, Jyotindra Narayan, Hassène Gritli

“…Thereafter, we train the FFBP-NN with the generated datasets using the MATLAB Neural Network Toolbox and investigate its potential by altering the hyperparameters (e.g., number of hidden neurons, number of hidden layers, and training optimizer). …”
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Possible Involvement of a Mitochondrial Translation Initiation Factor 3 Variant Causing Decreased mRNA Levels in Parkinson's Disease by Anna Anvret, Caroline Ran, Marie Westerlund, Ann-Christin Thelander, Olof Sydow, Charlotta Lind, Anna Håkansson, Hans Nissbrandt, Dagmar Galter, Andrea Carmine Belin

“…Dysfunction of MTIF3 may impair mitochondrial function and dopamine neurons appear to be particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress, which may relate to their degeneration in PD. …”
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Adenosine A2A Receptors Modulate Acute Injury and Neuroinflammation in Brain Ischemia by Felicita Pedata, Anna Maria Pugliese, Elisabetta Coppi, Ilaria Dettori, Giovanna Maraula, Lucrezia Cellai, Alessia Melani

“…Adenosine A2A receptor is expressed in neurons and glial cells and in inflammatory cells (lymphocytes and granulocytes). …”
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Mechanisms and Consequences of Dopamine Depletion-Induced Attenuation of the Spinophilin/Neurofilament Medium Interaction by Andrew C. Hiday, Michael C. Edler, Asma B. Salek, Cameron W. Morris, Morrent Thang, Tyler J. Rentz, Kristie L. Rose, Lisa M. Jones, Anthony J. Baucum

“…Signaling changes that occur in the striatum following the loss of dopamine neurons in the Parkinson disease (PD) are poorly understood. …”
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Self‐Healing COCu‐Tac Hydrogel Enhances iNSCs Transplantation for Spinal Cord Injury by Promoting Mitophagy via the FKBP52/AKT Pathway by Zhenming Tian, Han‐Jian Hu, Chun Cheung Chan, Tian Hu, Chaoyang Cai, Hong Li, Limin Rong, Gang‐Biao Jiang, Bin Liu

“…This research reveals that the sustained release of tacrolimus enhances axonal growth and improves mitochondrial quality control in iNSCs and neurons. Further analysis shows that tacrolimus targets FKBP52 rather than FKBP51, enhancing mitophagy via the FKBP52/AKT pathway. …”
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Implantable Ultrasound‐Powered MXene/PVA Hydrogel‐Based Generator for Treatment of Glioblastoma by Xiaoping Hu, Ziyi Qiu, Yilin Yang, Ting Xu, Kai Sheng, Weicheng Lu, Jingdun Xie, Bingzhe Xu

“…In this study, an implantable, modulus‐tunable, and ultrasound‐powered MXene/PVA hydrogel‐based tumor treatment device (UP‐MPH‐TTD), which generates specific electromagnetic alternating fields that disrupt the mitosis of cancer cells without adversely affecting normal neurons is developed. The MXene/PVA hydrogel is used to form a tumor treatment field due to its high biocompatibility, excellent flexibility, and high conductivity, which improves ultrasonic electrical conversion efficiency and significantly reduces the size of the equipment. …”
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Neuroprotective Role of Transchalcone in Parkinson‘s Disease through AMP-activated Protein Kinase-mediated Signaling Pathway by Yao Cheng, Shaik Althaf Hussain, Turki Mayudh Alrubie, Xiaomin Zhang

“…Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a gradually worsening neurodegenerative condition marked by the deterioration of dopaminergic neurons, motor dysfunction, and mitochondrial dysfunction. …”
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Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Activity Regulates Brain Expression of P-Glycoprotein in the Kainic Acid-Induced Seizure Rats by Nian Yu, Qing Di, Hao Liu, Yong Hu, Ying Jiang, Yu-kui Yan, Yan-fang Zhang, Ying-dong Zhang

“…Both PDTC and DEX pre-treatment significantly increased the latency to grade III or V seizure onset compared to EP group but failed to show neuron-protective effect as the number of survival neurons didn't significantly differ from that in EP group. …”
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Mdivi-1 Protects CD4+ T Cells against Apoptosis via Balancing Mitochondrial Fusion-Fission and Preventing the Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Sepsis by You Wu, Yong-Ming Yao, He-Liang Ke, Lan Ying, Yao Wu, Guang-Ju Zhao, Zhong-Qiu Lu

“…Several studies have demonstrated that Mdivi-1, which is a selective inhibitor of the dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), attenuates apoptosis of myocardial cells and neurons during various pathologic states. The present study revealed the impact of Mdivi-1 on the apoptosis of CD4+ T cells in sepsis and the potential underlying mechanisms. …”
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