Cell Transplantation for Spinal Cord Injury: Tumorigenicity of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells by Junhao Deng, Yiling Zhang, Yong Xie, Licheng Zhang, Peifu Tang

“…Neural stem/progenitor cell (NS/PC) transplantation derived from fetal tissues or embryonic stem cells (ESCs) has demonstrated therapeutic effects via replacement of lost neurons and severed axons and creation of permissive microenvironment to promote repair of spinal cord and axon regeneration but causes ethnical concerns and immunological rejections as well. …”
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Anesthetic-Induced Oxidative Stress and Potential Protection by Cheng Wang, Xuan Zhang, Fang Liu, Merle G. Paule, William Slikker, Jr.

“…Prolonged exposure of developing mammals to general anesthetics affects the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)–type glutamate or γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor systems and enhances neuronal toxicity. Stimulation of immature neurons by NMDA antagonists or GABA agonists is thought to increase overall nervous system excitability and may contribute to abnormal neuronal cell death during development. …”
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VTA projections to M1 are essential for reorganization of layer 2-3 network dynamics underlying motor learning by Amir Ghanayim, Hadas Benisty, Avigail Cohen Rimon, Sivan Schwartz, Sally Dabdoob, Shira Lifshitz, Ronen Talmon, Jackie Schiller

“…While average activity and average functional connectivity of layer 2-3 network remain stable during learning, activity kinetics, correlational configuration of functional connectivity, and average connectivity strength of layer 2-3 neurons gradually transform towards an expert configuration. …”
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Molecular mechanisms of autism as a form of synaptic dysfunction by E. A. Trifonova, T. M. Khlebodarova, N. E. Gruntenko

“…A synapse is a site of electrochemical communication between neurons and an essential subunit for learning and memory. …”
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Neurotrophic Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 2 (NTRK2) Alterations in Low-Grade Gliomas: Report of a Novel Gene Fusion Partner in a Pilocytic Astrocytoma and Review of the Literature by Siobhan S. Pattwell, Eric Q. Konnick, Yajuan J. Liu, Rebecca A. Yoda, Laligam N. Sekhar, Patrick J. Cimino

“…NTRK2 encodes for the protein tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), which is a neurotrophin receptor with high affinity for Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), and plays a role in several physiological functions of neurons, including cell survival and differentiation. …”
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The DNA Replication Stress Hypothesis of Alzheimer’s Disease by Yuri B. Yurov, Svetlana G. Vorsanova, Ivan Y. Iourov

“…A well-recognized theory of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis suggests ectopic cell cycle events to mediate neurodegeneration. Vulnerable neurons of the AD brain exhibit biomarkers of cell cycle progression and DNA replication suggesting a reentry into the cell cycle. …”
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A membrane-targeted photoswitch restores physiological ON/OFF responses to light in the degenerate retina by Gaia Ziraldo, Sara Cupini, Valentina Sesti, Emanuela Delfino, Guglielmo Lanzani, Chiara Bertarelli, Fabio Benfenati, Stefano Di Marco

“…However, visual restoration is poor due to the massive light-evoked activation of retinal neurons, regardless of the segregation of visual information in ON and OFF channels, which is essential for contrast sensitivity and spatial resolution. …”
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Gut–brain axis and environmental factors in Parkinson’s disease: bidirectional link between disease onset and progression by Soo Jung Park, Kyung Won Kim, Eun Jeong Lee

“…From these observations, researchers have hypothesized that α-synuclein accumulation may initiate in the gut and subsequently propagate to the central dopaminergic neurons through the gut–brain axis, leading to Parkinson’s disease. …”
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Impact of the Ketogenic Diet on Neurological Diseases: A Review by Carmen Rubio, Alejandro López-Landa, Hector Romo-Parra, Moisés Rubio-Osornio

“…Thus, the KD represents a broad and promising strategy that involves both neurons and glial cells, with a molecular impact on brain metabolism and neuroinflammatory homeostasis. …”
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An optimized LSTM-based equalizer for 100 Gigabit/s-class short-range fiber-optic communications by Vuong Quang Phuoc, Nguyen Van Dien, Ho Duc Tam Linh, Nguyen Van Tuan, Nguyen Van Hieu, Le Thai Son, Nguyen Tan Hung

“…An optimization of a long short-term memory (LSTM) structure in terms of network depth and distribution of neurons in hidden layers leads to an enhancement of the overall performance of the 50 Gbaud PAM4 communications. …”
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Autoimmune Gastrointestinal Paralysis: Failure of Conventional Treatment without Immunomodulation by Craig Weinkauf, Sean McPhillips, Robert Krouse, Ira Levine

“…Patients with neuroendocrine-derived tumors can develop B-cell reactivity towards the tumor with cross-reactivity for neurons located in the submucosal and myenteric ganglia of the ENS. …”
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Revealing and mitigating the inhibitory effect of serotonin on HRP-mediated protein labelling by Zora Chui-Kuen Chan, Cheng Qi, Yuanhong Cai, Xin Li, Jing Ren

“…Profiling proteins at this detailed level is essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms of neuronal connectivity and transmission. Despite its recent successful application to various neuronal types, proximity labelling has yet to be employed to study the serotonin system. …”
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Physiological Properties of Supragranular Cortical Inhibitory Interneurons Expressing Retrograde Persistent Firing by Barbara Imbrosci, Angela Neitz, Thomas Mittmann

“…This unusual form of neuronal communication seems to preferentially occur in cortical inhibitory interneurons following a period of intense neuronal activity and might have profound implications for neuronal information processing. …”
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PiLiMoT: A Modified Combination of LoLiMoT and PLN Learning Algorithms for Local Linear Neurofuzzy Modeling by Atiye Sarabi-Jamab, Babak N. Araabi

“…PLN learning relies on training data, it needs rich training data set and no division test, so it is much faster than LoLiMoT, but it may create adjacent neurons that may lead to singularity in regression matrix. …”
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On the Origin of the Nervous System Based on Studying Sensillae in Acoel Turbellarians (Acoela) by Ya.I. Zabotin, A.I. Golubev

“…Subsequently, both types of cells independently came into contact with the processes of neurons. This feature of acoel sensillae may be a consequence of still weak cell differentiation of these peculiar invertebrates and, at the same time, is a morphological basis for further divergence of two different tissues in higher bilaterally symmetrical animals. …”
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Wavelet Decomposition-Based AVOA-DELM Model for Prediction of Monthly Runoff Time Series and Its Applications by ZHANG Yajie

“…For the improvement in prediction accuracy of monthly runoff time series,a prediction model is proposed,which combines the wavelet decomposition (WD),African vultures optimization algorithm (AVOA),and deep extreme learning machine (DELM),and it is applied to the monthly runoff prediction of Yale Hydrological Station in Yunnan Province.Specifically,WD decomposes the time-series data of monthly runoff to obtain highly regular subsequence components,and AVOA is employed to optimize the number of neurons in the hidden layers of DELM;then,the WD-AVOA-DELM model is built to predict each subsequence component,and the prediction results are summated and reconstructed to produce the final prediction results of monthly runoff.Meanwhile,models based on the support vector machine (SVM) and BP neural networks are constructed for comparative analysis,including WD-AVOA-SVM,WD-AVOA-BP,AVOA-DELM,AVOA-SVM,and AVOA-BP models.The results reveal that the average absolute percentage error of the WD-AVOA-DELM model for the monthly runoff prediction of Yale Hydrological Station is 3.02%;the prediction error is far less than that of WD-STOA-SVM and WD-AVOA-BP models,and the prediction accuracy is more than one order of magnitude higher than that of AVOA-SVM,AVOA-SVM,and AVOA-BP models.The result indicates that the proposed model has good prediction performance.In this model,WD can scientifically reduce the complexity of runoff series and raise the prediction accuracy;AVOA can effectively optimize the key parameters of DELM and improve the performance of DELM networks.…”
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Distinct cellular toxicity of two mutant huntingtin mRNA variants due to translation regulation. by Haifei Xu, Juan Ji An, Baoji Xu

“…We found that the long HTT 3'UTR was capable of guiding mRNA to neuronal dendrites, suggesting that some long-form HTT mRNA is transported to dendrites for local protein synthesis. …”
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Mapping and modeling age-related changes in intrinsic neural timescales by Kaichao Wu, Leonardo L. Gollo

“…Aging, often associated with cognitive decline, involves progressive neuronal and synaptic loss, reshaping brain structure and dynamics. …”
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DNA repair in cancer stem cells as a factor for glioma resistance to radiotherapy by Yu. S. Makusheva, G. L. Dianov

“…It accounts for characteristics of these cells, namely, the capability of self-renewal and differentiation into astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. Moreover, these cells bear multiple genetic lesions typical of cancer cells. …”
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Potential Application of Electrical Stimulation in Stem Cell-Based Treatment against Hearing Loss by Mingliang Tang, Xiaoqian Yan, Qilin Tang, Rongrong Guo, Peng Da, Dan Li

“…Deafness is a common human disease, which is mainly caused by irreversible damage to hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the mammalian cochlea. At present, replacement of damaged or missing hair cells and SGNs by stem cell transplantation therapy is an effective treatment. …”
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