Regulation of Glial Cell Functions by PPAR-𝜸 Natural and Synthetic Agonists by Antonietta Bernardo, Luisa Minghetti

“…The pleiotropic effects of PPAR-𝛾 agonists are likely to be mediated by several mechanisms involving anti-inflammatory activities on peripheral immune cells (macrophages and lymphocytes), as well as direct effects on neural cells including cerebral vascular endothelial cells, neurons, and glia. In the present article, we will review the recent findings supporting a major role for PPAR-𝛾 agonists in controlling neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration through their activities on glial cells, with a particular emphasis on microglial cells as major macrophage population of the brain parenchyma and main actors in brain inflammation.…”
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Mitochondrial Stress Signalling: HTRA2 and Parkinson's Disease by Enrico Desideri, L. Miguel Martins

“…Mitochondria have a crucial role in supplying energy to the brain, and their deterioration can affect the function and viability of neurons, contributing to neurodegeneration. These organelles can sow the seeds of their own demise because they generate damaging oxygen-free radicals as a byproduct of their intrinsic physiological functions. …”
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EVALUATION OF THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF SALVIA ROSMARINUS ESSENTIAL OIL ON NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS by Malina Mihaela Visternicu, Viorica Rarinca, Vasile Burlui, Alin Ciobica

“…Preclinical and clinical research suggests that rosemary extracts, through their active compounds, may enhance cognitive function, protect neurons from oxidative stress, and modulate neurotransmitters involved in cognitive and emotional processes. …”
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Presynaptic Ionotropic Receptors Controlling and Modulating the Rules for Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity by Matthijs B. Verhoog, Huibert D. Mansvelder

“…Throughout life, activity-dependent changes in neuronal connection strength enable the brain to refine neural circuits and learn based on experience. …”
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Closed-form interpretation of neural network classifiers with symbolic gradients by Sebastian J Wetzel

“…The approach is not limited to classifiers or full neural networks and can be applied to arbitrary neurons in hidden layers or latent spaces.…”
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Nanocarriers-Assisted Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Levodopa: Current Progress and Prospects by Mariya Dangova, Nadezhda Ivanova, Velichka Andonova

“…However, such advancement would be unthinkable without the current progress in nano-scaled drug carriers which are needed to ensure drug stability, mucosal retention and permeation, olfactory uptake, and harmlessness to the sensory neurons and respiratory cilia. This study aims to review the most significant results and achievements in the field of nano-particulate nose-to-brain delivery of L-DOPA.…”
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Marijuana Compounds: A Nonconventional Approach to Parkinson’s Disease Therapy by Mariana Babayeva, Haregewein Assefa, Paramita Basu, Sanjeda Chumki, Zvi Loewy

“…Neurologically, it is characterized by the selective degeneration of a unique population of cells, the nigrostriatal dopamine neurons. The current treatment is symptomatic and mainly involves replacement of dopamine deficiency. …”
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Transmembrane voltage-gated nanopores controlled by electrically tunable in-pore chemistry by Makusu Tsutsui, Wei-Lun Hsu, Chien Hsu, Denis Garoli, Shukun Weng, Hirofumi Daiguji, Tomoji Kawai

“…Abstract Gating is a fundamental process in ion channels configured to open and close in response to specific stimuli such as voltage across cell membranes thereby enabling the excitability of neurons. Here we report on voltage-gated solid-state nanopores by electrically tunable chemical reactions. …”
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Complexity of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks in Mobile Computing by Saad Naeem, Noreen Jamil, Habib Ullah Khan, Shah Nazir

“…Neural networks employ massive interconnection of simple computing units called neurons to compute the problems that are highly nonlinear and could not be hard coded into a program. …”
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Reservoir Flood Forecasting Based on Long-Short-Term Memory Neural Network by LUO Zhaolin, ZHANG Bo, MENG Qingkui, CHEN Wufen

“…Accurate flood forecasting is one of the main means to well perform flood control and drainage,and the long-short-term memory neural network (LSTM) has a strong ability to fit time series relationships,which thus is very suitable for simulating and forecasting the complex time series process of basin runoff generation and confluence.To explore the applicability of LSTM in the field of reservoir flood forecasting,this paper established an LSTM model according to different forecast periods in the Baipenzhu Basin and compared it with Xinanjiang model.The LSTM model uses the rainfall and water level data in the basin as input and adopts the water levels of the reservoir at different forecast periods as output.The calibration period is five years,and the verification period is one year.The results show that LSTM has high forecast accuracy when the forecast period is 1~6 h,and the forecast accuracy is the highest when the forecast period is 1h,reaching 0.991.As the forecast period increases,the accuracy of the LSTM model gradually decreases,but its forecast accuracy is higher than that of Xinanjiang model.In addition,reflecting the complexity of the neural network,the prediction period and the number of neurons in the hidden layer will affect not only the forecast accuracy but also the training speed of the model.It is proven that the LSTM model has high forecast accuracy and is of guiding significance to reservoir flood forecasting.…”
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Mechanism and Therapeutic Prospect of miRNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases by Ya-Min Ma, Lan Zhao

“…They can also increase or reduce neuronal damage by regulating the body’s signaling pathways, immune system, stem cells, gut microbiota, etc. …”
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Schwann Cells in Neuromuscular Disorders: A Spotlight on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis by Kathryn R. Moss, Smita Saxena

“…Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a complex neurodegenerative disease primarily affecting motor neurons, leading to progressive muscle atrophy and paralysis. …”
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Sex-specific influences of APOEε4 genotype on hippocampal neurogenesis and progenitor cells in middle-aged rats by Bonnie H. Lee, Melike Cevizci, Stephanie E. Lieblich, Liisa A. M. Galea

“…In contrast, female rats with hAPOEε4 genotype showed increased new adult-born neurons, but no changes in the other cell types, suggesting a possible compensatory response to the effects of hAPOEε4 at this time point. …”
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Dopaminergic Modulation of Striatal Inhibitory Transmission and Long-Term Plasticity by Elizabeth Nieto Mendoza, Elizabeth Hernández Echeagaray

“…This work focused on the analysis of both dopaminergic modulation of inhibitory synapses and the synaptic plasticity established between GABAergic afferents to medium spiny neurons (MSNs). Our results showed that low and high DA concentrations mainly reduced the amplitude of inhibitory synaptic response; however detailed analysis of the D1 and D2 participation in this modulation displayed a wide variability in synaptic response. …”
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Corticostriatal Plastic Changes in Experimental L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia by Veronica Ghiglieri, Vincenza Bagetta, Valentina Pendolino, Barbara Picconi, Paolo Calabresi

“…In Parkinson’s disease (PD), alteration of dopamine- (DA-) dependent striatal functions and pulsatile stimulation of DA receptors caused by the discontinuous administration of levodopa (L-DOPA) lead to a complex cascade of events affecting the postsynaptic striatal neurons that might account for the appearance of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). …”
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Object identity representation occurs early in the archerfish visual system by Svetlana Volotsky, Ronen Segev

“…We found that, although the optic tectum is an early stage of visual processing, a small population of neurons in this region contains information about the object category. …”
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Contributions of Matrix Metalloproteinases to Neural Plasticity, Habituation, Associative Learning and Drug Addiction by John W. Wright, Joseph W. Harding

“…., neural plasticity) by degrading cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) designed to provide stability to those extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that form scaffolding supporting neurons and glia. It is presumed that while these ECM proteins are weakened, and/or detached, synaptic connections can form resulting in new neural pathways. …”
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Recent Advances in Carbon Nanotubes for Nervous Tissue Regeneration by Carlos Redondo-Gómez, Rocío Leandro-Mora, Daniela Blanch-Bermúdez, Christopher Espinoza-Araya, David Hidalgo-Barrantes, José Vega-Baudrit

“…This review article focuses on key recent advances on the use of carbon nanotube- (CNT-) based technologies on nerve tissue engineering, outlining how neurons interact with CNT interfaces for promoting neuronal differentiation, growth and network reconstruction. …”
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Fault Diagnosis of High-Speed Train Bogie Based on Synchrony Group Convolutions by Yunpu Wu, Weidong Jin, Junxiao Ren, Zhang Sun

“…The proposed method is able to gather signals with similar patterns and process these channels with specific groups of neurons while simultaneously assigning signals with significant difference to different groups. …”
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? by Agnese Gugliandolo, Placido Bramanti, Emanuela Mazzon

“…Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons. Patients show both motor and extra-motor symptoms. …”
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