Immune Privilege as an Intrinsic CNS Property: Astrocytes Protect the CNS against T-Cell-Mediated Neuroinflammation by Ulrike Gimsa, N. Avrion Mitchison, Monika C. Brunner-Weinzierl

“…They support differentiation and homeostasis of neurons and influence synaptic activity. They are responsible for formation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and make up the glia limitans. …”
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Cardiac Dysrhythmias and Neurological Dysregulation: Manifestations of Profound Hypomagnesemia by Sagger Mawri, Edward Gildeh, Namita Joseph, Bobak Rabbani, Bryan Zweig

“…Among its various roles, magnesium modulates calcium entry and release from sarcoplasmic reticulum and regulates ATP pumps in myocytes and neurons, thereby regulating cardiac and neuronal excitability. …”
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Emerging Roles of BAI Adhesion-GPCRs in Synapse Development and Plasticity by Joseph G. Duman, Yen-Kuei Tu, Kimberley F. Tolias

“…Synapses mediate communication between neurons and enable the brain to change in response to experience, which is essential for learning and memory. …”
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Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease by J. Vegytė, R. Podėnė, E. Dlugauskas, A. Vaitkevičius

“…Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases among older people that manifests as deterioration of cognitive functions, impaired daily activities, and progressive degeneration of cerebral cortex neurons. Even up to 90% of Alzheimer’s patients develop neuropsychiatric symptoms at different stages of the disease. …”
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Multiple Functions of Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Enhancer (PIKE) by Chi Bun Chan, Keqiang Ye

“…In the past 10 years, we have characterized a novel class of GTPases called phosphoinositide-3 kinase enhancer (PIKE) that interacts with PI3K/Akt. In neurons, PIKE is involved in the protective mechanisms against neuroexcitotoxic insults by linking various receptors, such as mGluR1 and Unc5H2, to the PI3K cascade. …”
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Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 Signalling in Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells during Development and after Injury by Alistair E. Cole, Simon S. Murray, Junhua Xiao

“…Here we review recent studies on BMP4 signalling in the generation of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendroglial cells in the CNS. …”
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A Bayesian regularization intelligent computing scheme for the fractional dengue virus model by Manoj Gupta, Pattarasinee Bhattarakosol

“…The computing stochastic BRNNs approach is presented for three variations with the selection of the data as testing 13%, authentication 11% and training 76% together with sixteen hidden neurons. The result’s comparison is accessible in the form of overlapping, which is based on the BRNNs approach and reference Adam solutions. …”
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Drosophila Models of Parkinson's Disease: Discovering Relevant Pathways and Novel Therapeutic Strategies by Verónica Muñoz-Soriano, Nuria Paricio

“…Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is mainly characterized by the selective and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, accompanied by locomotor defects. Although most PD cases are sporadic, several genes are associated with rare familial forms of the disease. …”
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Diversity in the Regulation of Autophagy and Mitophagy: Lessons from Parkinson's Disease by Charleen T. Chu

“…Complete clearance of mitochondria can be observed during normal maturation of certain mammalian cell types, and during certain forms of neuronal cell death. In recent years, autophagy dysregulation has been implicated in toxin-injured dopaminergic neurons as well as in major genetic models of Parkinson's disease (PD), including α-synuclein, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), parkin, PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), and DJ-1. …”
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Astrocytes and Developmental Plasticity in Fragile X by Connie Cheng, Mary Sourial, Laurie C. Doering

“…Alterations in the partnership between astrocytes and neurons have now emerged as important mechanisms that underlie neuropathology. …”
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The Neuropathology of Autism by Gene J. Blatt

“…Abnormalities include cytoarchitectonic laminar differences, excess white matter neurons, decreased numbers of GABAergic cerebellar Purkinje cells, and other events that can be traced developmentally and cause anomalies in circuitry. …”
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Mobile Phone Radiation Effects on Brain with Reference to the Protective Role of Moringa oleifera: Sonographic and Histological Study by Hadeel M. Hussein, Ghada A. Taqa

“…Conclusion: Rats given moringa extract had less damage to neuronal architecture in their brains.…”
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Extrinsic and Intrinsic Regulation of Axon Regeneration by MicroRNAs after Spinal Cord Injury by Ping Li, Zhao-Qian Teng, Chang-Mei Liu

“…Spinal cord injury is a devastating disease which disrupts the connections between the brain and spinal cord, often resulting in the loss of sensory and motor function below the lesion site. Most injured neurons fail to regenerate in the central nervous system after injury. …”
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Role of neuroimmunomodulation by vagus nerve stimulation in rheumatoid arthritis: Are we heading towards a drug-free era? by Prasan Deep Rath, Swetal Pandey, Rahul Bisaralli

“…This review discusses the multifactorial and multidimensional interactions between neurons and immune cells, the mechanisms of the nervous system which are responsible for the regulation of inflammation, the impact of cholinergic pathways on inflammation, and the evidence supporting the role of various bioelectronic devices in vagus nerve stimulation.…”
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Luminosity Distance Reconstruction using an Ensemble of Neural Networks by Mohammad Hadi Mohammadi, Ahmad Mehrabi

“…Each network in the ensemble consists of various numbers of layers and neurons. Since the neural network can easily provide a reconstruction with a small value of $\chi2$, it is possible to find a reconstruction with $\chi^2$ smaller than the standard $\Lambda$CDM. …”
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Application of neurotoxin- and pesticide-induced animal models of Parkinson’s disease in the evaluation of new drug delivery systems by Casanova Yaquelyn, Negro Sofia, Barcia Emilia

“…It is characterized by motor symptoms such as akinesia, bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural abnormalities, due to the loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons and a decrease in the dopa-mine contents of the caudate-putamen structures. …”
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5/p35/p39: A Novel and Imminent Therapeutic Target for Diabetes Mellitus by Danish Ahmed, Manju Sharma

“…CDK5 is a serine/threonine protein kinase, which forms active complexes with p35 or p39 found principally in neurons and in pancreatic β cells. Pieces of evidence from recent studies recommend the vital role of CDK5 in physiological functions in nonneuronal cells such as glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic cells. …”
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Recycling of endocytic BDNF through extracellular vesicles in astrocytes by Jeongho Han, Hyungju Park

“…Although BDNF is synthesized primarily in neurons, astrocytes can also supply BDNF through various routes, including the recycling of neuron-derived BDNF. …”
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Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors and Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channels in Long-Term Potentiation of Spinal Dorsal Horn Synapses and Pain Hypersensitivity by Dong-ho Youn, Gábor Gerber, William A. Sather

“…Mechanisms that underlie LTP of spinal DH neurons include changes in the numbers, activity, and properties of ionotropic glutamate receptors (AMPA and NMDA receptors) and of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. …”
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Role of Neuroinflammation in Adult Neurogenesis and Alzheimer Disease: Therapeutic Approaches by Almudena Fuster-Matanzo, María Llorens-Martín, Félix Hernández, Jesús Avila

“…Furthermore, neuroinflammation has been demonstrated to affect important processes in the brain, such as the formation of new neurons, commonly known as adult neurogenesis. For this, many therapeutic approaches have been developed in order to avoid or mitigate the deleterious effects caused by the chronic activation of the immune response. …”
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