Neuroprotective Effects of Salidroside in the MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease: Involvement of the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β Pathway by Wei Zhang, Hong He, Hujie Song, Junjie Zhao, Tao Li, Leitao Wu, Xiaojun Zhang, Jianzong Chen

“…The degenerative loss through apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta plays a primary role in the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). …”
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Complex Inflammation mRNA-Related Response in ALS Is Region Dependent by Sara Berjaoui, Mónica Povedano, Paula Garcia-Esparcia, Margarita Carmona, Ester Aso, Isidre Ferrer

“…Increased expression and abnormal distribution of IL-1β occurred in motor neurons of the lumbar spinal cord in ALS. Strong IL-10 immunoreactivity colocalizes with TDP-43-positive inclusions in motor neurons in ALS cases. …”
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Catecholaminergic dysfunction drives postural and locomotor deficits in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy by John G. Pagiazitis, Nicolas Delestrée, Leonie Sowoidnich, Nandhini Sivakumar, Christian M. Simon, Athanasios Chatzisotiriou, Maria Albani, George Z. Mentis

“…Importantly, the selective restoration of survival motor neuron (SMN) in either catecholaminergic or serotonergic neurons is sufficient to correct impairments in locomotion. …”
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Noradrenergic inputs from the locus coeruleus to anterior piriform cortex and the olfactory bulb modulate olfactory outputs by Chi Geng, Ruochen Li, Shan Li, Penglai Liu, Yuxin Peng, Changyu Liu, Zhen Wang, Hongxing Zhang, Anan Li

“…Abstract Norepinephrine (NE) released from locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic (NAergic) neurons plays a pivotal role in the regulation of olfactory behaviors. …”
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Nutrigenomic regulation of sensory plasticity by Hayeon Sung, Anoumid Vaziri, Daniel Wilinski, Riley KR Woerner, Lydia Freddolino, Monica Dus

“…Our findings reveal how nutrigenomic signaling generates neural activity and behavior in response to dietary changes in the sensory neurons.…”
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Striatal Input- and Rate-Dependent Effects of Muscarinic Receptors on Pallidal Firing by Enrique Querejeta, Alberto Alatorre, Alain Ríos, Rafael Barrientos, Aldo Oviedo-Chávez, Rosa Amalia Bobadilla-Lugo, Alfonso Delgado

“…Despite evidence of cholinergic inputs to GP, their role in the spiking activity of GP neurons has not received attention. We examine the effect of local activation and blockade of muscarinic receptors (MRs) in the spontaneous firing of GP neurons both in normal and ipsilateral striatum-lesioned rats. …”
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GnRH pulse generator activity in mouse models of polycystic ovary syndrome by Ziyue Zhou, Su Young Han, Maria Pardo-Navarro, Ellen G Wall, Reena Desai, Szilvia Vas, David J Handelsman, Allan E Herbison

“…As such, it is suspected that the arcuate kisspeptin (ARNKISS) neurons that represent the GnRH pulse generator are dysfunctional in PCOS. …”
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Characterization of Mice Ubiquitously Overexpressing Human 15-Lipoxygenase-1: Effect of Diabetes on Peripheral Neuropathy and Treatment with Menhaden Oil by Lawrence Coppey, Alexander Obrosov, Hanna Shevalye, Eric Davidson, William Paradee, Mark A. Yorek

“…Treating dorsal root ganglion neurons with docosahexanoic acid but not eicosapentaenoic acid significantly increased neurite outgrowth with greater efficacy observed with neurons isolated from transgenic mice. …”
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Hyaluronidase-induced matrix remodeling contributes to long-term synaptic changes by Rostislav Sokolov, Rostislav Sokolov, Viktoriya Krut', Viktoriya Krut', Vsevolod Belousov, Vsevolod Belousov, Vsevolod Belousov, Vsevolod Belousov, Andrey Rozov, Andrey Rozov, Irina V. Mukhina, Irina V. Mukhina

“…The ECM is synthesized by neurons, astrocytes, and other types of cells. Hyaluronan, a hyaluronic acid polymer, is a key component of the ECM. …”
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Remodeling of Mitochondria–Endoplasmic Reticulum Contact Sites Accompanies LUHMES Differentiation by Emad Norouzi Esfahani, Tomas Knedlik, Sang Hun Shin, Ana Paula Magalhães Rebelo, Agnese De Mario, Caterina Vianello, Luca Persano, Elena Rampazzo, Paolo Edomi, Camilla Bean, Dario Brunetti, Luca Scorrano, Samuele Greco, Marco Gerdol, Marta Giacomello

“…Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are often used to study the subcellular mechanisms underlying differentiation into neurons in vitro. Works published to date have focused on the pathways that distinguish undifferentiated NPCs from mature neurons, neglecting the earlier and intermediate stages of this process. …”
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Behavior Changes in Quinpirole Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Rats Treated with 6-Hydroxydopamine and the Corresponding Dopaminergic Compulsive Loop Mechanism by Haowen Zheng, Rui He, Yang Ming, Haiping He, Wei Wang, Ligang Chen, Feilong Gong

“…Conclusions: 6-OHDA selectively damages the targets of dopaminergic neurons or nerve fibers within the OCD loop, which somewhat alleviates compulsive behaviours. …”
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Roles for Prlhr/GPR10 and Npffr2/GPR74 in feeding responses to PrRP by Yi Wang, Weiwei Qiu, Stace Kernodle, Carly Parker, Marc-Antonio Padilla, Jiaao Su, Abigail J. Tomlinson, Stephanie Oldham, Joss Field, Elise Bernard, David Hornigold, Christopher J. Rhodes, David P. Olson, Randy J. Seeley, Martin G. Myers, Jr

“…Objective: Several groups of neurons in the NTS suppress food intake, including Prlh-expressing neurons (NTSPrlh cells). …”
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Development of the early fetal human thalamus: from a protomap to emergent thalamic nuclei by Maznah Alhesain, Ayman Alzu’bi, Ayman Alzu’bi, Ayman Alzu’bi, Niveditha Sankar, Niveditha Sankar, Charles Smith, Charles Smith, Janet Kerwin, Ross Laws, Susan Lindsay, Gavin J. Clowry

“…The migration of GABAergic neurons into the thalamus occurs over a protracted period, first from the midbrain. …”
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Copyright protection algorithm based on differential privacy deep fake fingerprint detection model by Chengsheng YUAN, Qiang GUO, Zhangjie FU

“…A copyright protection algorithm based on differential privacy for deep fake fingerprint detection model (DFFDM) was proposed, realizing active copyright protection and passive copyright verification of DFFDM without weakening the performance of the original task.In the original task training, noise was added to introduce randomness, and the expected stability of the differential privacy algorithm was used to make classification decisions to reduce the sensitivity to noise.In passive verification, FGSM was used to generate adversarial samples, the decision boundary was fine-adjusted to establish a backdoor, and the mapping was used as an implanted watermark to realize passive verification.To solve the copyright confusion caused by multiple backdoors, a watermark verification framework was designed, which stamped the trigger backdoors and identified the copyright with the help of time order.In active protection, to provide users with hierarchical services, the key neurons in the task were frozen by probabilistic selection strategy, and the access rights were designed to realize the thawing of neurons, so as to obtain the right to use the original task.Experimental results show that the backdoor verification is still effective under different model performance, and the embedded backdoor shows a certain robustness to the model modification.Also, the proposed algorithm can resist not only the collusion attack by the attacker to recruit legitimate users, but also the fine-tuning and compression attacks caused by the model modification.…”
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Allocentric and egocentric spatial representations coexist in rodent medial entorhinal cortex by Xiaoyang Long, Daniel Bush, Bin Deng, Neil Burgess, Sheng-Jia Zhang

“…Recently, egocentric spatial representations have also been identified in several brain regions, but evidence for the coexistence of neurons encoding spatial variables in each reference frame within MEC is so far lacking. …”
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Suspension of Mitotic Activity in Dentate Gyrus of the Hibernating Ground Squirrel by Victor I. Popov, Igor V. Kraev, Dmitri A. Ignat'ev, Michael G. Stewart

“…Our data suggest that doublecortin-labelled immature cells exist in a mitotic state and may represent a renewable pool for generation of new neurons within the dentate gyrus.…”
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Operation of Hydroelectric Power Plants, Dam Reservoirs, and Energy Trade Using Artificial Neural Networks by Sibel Akkaya Oy, Serkan İnal, Ali Ekber Özdemir

“…In this study, the next-day energy production of the HEPP was estimated using a neural network with two hidden layers, each with 10 neurons. A neural network with a hidden layer of 20 neurons was used to estimate future electricity prices and the best hours for market clearing price (MCP). …”
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Synaptic Structure and Function in the Mouse Somatosensory Cortex during Chronic Pain: In Vivo Two-Photon Imaging by Sun Kwang Kim, Kei Eto, Junichi Nabekura

“…Recent advances in two-photon microscopy and fluorescence labeling techniques have enabled us to directly see the structural and functional changes in neurons and glia, and even at synapses, in the brain of living animals. …”
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Cholecystokinin facilitates the formation of long-term heterosynaptic plasticity in the distal subiculum by Fengwen Huang, Abdul Baset, Stephen Temitayo Bello, Xi Chen, Jufang He

“…Light activation of medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) derived CCK-positive neurons triggers the CCK release in the SUB. Neuronal activities of SUB-projecting MECCCK neurons are necessary for conveying and processing of navigation-related information. …”
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Cellular Signaling in Müller Glia: Progenitor Cells for Regenerative and Neuroprotective Responses in Pharmacological Models of Retinal Degeneration by Yang Liu, Chenguang Wang, Guanfang Su

“…Stimulating intrinsic neuronal regeneration is a potential approach to therapy in retinal degenerative diseases. …”
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