Inferring causal connectivity from pairwise recordings and optogenetics. by Mikkel Elle Lepperød, Tristan Stöber, Torkel Hafting, Marianne Fyhn, Konrad Paul Kording

“…To understand the neural mechanisms underlying brain function, neuroscientists aim to quantify causal interactions between neurons, for instance by perturbing the activity of neuron A and measuring the effect on neuron B. …”
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The Contribution of Thalamocortical Core and Matrix Pathways to Sleep Spindles by Giovanni Piantoni, Eric Halgren, Sydney S. Cash

“…Sleep spindles arise from the interaction of thalamic and cortical neurons. Neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) inhibit thalamocortical neurons, which in turn excite the TRN and cortical neurons. …”
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Effect of Electroacupuncture at Auricular Vagus Nerve on Depression and Anxiety-Like Behaviours of Mice with Preweaning Maternal Separation by WU Nan, WANG Qiang, LI Yongfeng, WU Yuwei, QIAO Haifa, LI Guohui, YUAN Wei

“…Compared with the model group, the number of c-fos neurons in the DRN and PFC brain regions of the EA group was significantly higher, and the number of 5-HT neurons in the DRN brain region of the EA group was significantly higher (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05).ConclusionElectroacupuncture at auricular vagus nerve can improve depression and anxiety-like behaviours of PMS mice, and the specific mechanism may be related to the regulation of c-fos expression in DRN and PFC brain regions and the number of 5-HT neurons in DRN brain regions.…”
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Neural spiking for causal inference and learning. by Benjamin James Lansdell, Konrad Paul Kording

“…When a neuron is driven beyond its threshold, it spikes. …”
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Impaired Autophagy of GABAergic Interneurons in Neuropathic Pain by Yuhua Yin, Min-Hee Yi, Dong Woon Kim

“…Neuropathic pain (NP) is caused by lesions of the peripheral fibers and central neurons in the somatosensory nervous system and affects 7–10% of the general population. …”
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Microiontophoretic Application of Dynorphin in Dental Pain: Excitatory or Inhibitory Effects by Choi SH, Kim YM, Son JY, Ahn DK

“…Specifically, dynorphin A attenuated NMDA-evoked responses in 16 out of 32 neurons by 61 ± 6%, facilitated NMDA-evoked responses in 10 out of 32 neurons by 69 ± 17%, and elicited mixed inhibitory and facilitatory responses in six out of 32 neurons. …”
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Neuroplasticity and Neuroprotective Effect of Treadmill Training in the Chronic Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease by Ewelina Palasz, Wiktor Niewiadomski, Anna Gasiorowska, Anna Mietelska-Porowska, Grazyna Niewiadomska

“…Physical training confers protection to dopaminergic neurons in rodent models of parkinsonism produced by neurotoxins. …”
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A septo-hypothalamic-medullary circuit directs stress-induced analgesia by Devanshi Piyush Shah, Pallavi Raj Sharma, Rachit Agarwal, Arnab Barik

“…Remarkably, we found that the inhibitory dLS neurons are recruited specifically when the mice struggle to escape under restraint and, in turn, inhibit excitatory LHA neurons. …”
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Central and Peripheral GABAA Receptor Regulation of the Heart Rate Depends on the Conscious State of the Animal by Bo Hjorth Bentzen, Morten Grunnet

“…Intuitively one might expect that activation of GABAergic inhibitory neurons results in bradycardia. In conscious animals the opposite effect is however observed. …”
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Targeting Adult Neurogenesis for Poststroke Therapy by Jianfei Lu, Anatol Manaenko, Qin Hu

“…However, the majority of newborn neurons undergo programmed cell death (PCD) during the period of proliferation, migration, and integration. …”
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Involvement of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Learning and Forgetting by Suk-yu Yau, Ang Li, Kwok-Fai So

“…Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a process involving the continuous generation of newborn neurons in the hippocampus of adult animals. Mounting evidence has suggested that hippocampal neurogenesis contributes to some forms of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory; however, the detailed mechanism concerning how this small number of newborn neurons could affect learning and memory remains unclear. …”
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Time-lapse imaging of identified granule cells in the mouse dentate gyrus after entorhinal lesion in vitro reveals heterogeneous cellular responses to denervation by Davide Greco, Alexander Drakew, Nina Rößler, Nina Rößler, Tassilo Jungenitz, Peter Jedlicka, Peter Jedlicka, Thomas Deller

“…Denervation of neurons is a network consequence of brain injury. …”
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Differentially localizing isoforms of the migraine component calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), in the mouse trigeminal ganglion: βCGRP is translated but, unlike αCGRP, not so... by Sofia Lyng Wæver, Kristian Agmund Haanes

“…Conclusion Our data show that mainly αCGRP and not βCGRP locate within the axons of the mouse TG neurons. The βCGRP observed within the TG neuronal cell bodies is synthesized intracellularly and not taken up from the environment. …”
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Motor Cortical Networks for Skilled Movements Have Dynamic Properties That Are Related to Accurate Reaching by David F. Putrino, Zhe Chen, Soumya Ghosh, Emery N. Brown

“…Neurons in the Primary Motor Cortex (MI) are known to form functional ensembles with one another in order to produce voluntary movement. …”
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Prefrontal contributions to mental resilience: Lessons from rodent studies of stress and antidepressant actions by Ryota Shinohara, Tomoyuki Furuyashiki

“…In rodents, chronic stress induces dendritic atrophy and decreases dendritic spine density in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), recapitulating prefrontal alterations in depressive patients, and the mPFC promotes stress resilience. Whereas dopamine neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens potentiated by chronic stress promote stress susceptibility, dopamine neurons projecting to the mPFC activated upon acute stress contribute to dendritic growth of mPFC neurons via dopamine D1 receptors, leading to stress resilience. …”
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Herpes Simplex Virus Latency: The DNA Repair-Centered Pathway by Jay C. Brown

“…The pathway is particularly attractive because it is able to account for important features of the latent response, including the specificity for neurons, the specificity for neurons of the peripheral compared to the central nervous system, the high rate of genetic recombination in HSV1-infected cells, and the genetic identity of infecting and reactivated virus.…”
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Brainstem serotonin amplifies nociceptive transmission in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease by Zoé Grivet, Franck Aby, Aude Verboven, Rabia Bouali-Benazzouz, Benjamin Sueur, François Maingret, Frédéric Naudet, Thibault Dhellemmes, Philippe De Deurwaerdere, Abdelhamid Benazzouz, Pascal Fossat

“…Abstract Parkinson’s disease arises from the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to motor symptoms such as akinesia, rigidity, and tremor at rest. …”
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Plastic Change in the Auditory Minimum Threshold Induced by Intercollicular Effects in Mice by Hui-Xian Mei, Jia Tang, Zi-Ying Fu, Liang Cheng, Qi-Cai Chen

“…The MT shift is larger in IC neurons with BF differences ≤2 kHz than in those with BF differences >2 kHz. …”
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Research Progress on the Mechanism of Acupuncture Treatment of Ischemic Stroke Based on the Space Construction of Nerve-vascular Unit by LI Mengxing, WNAG Yu, LI Zhen, LIU Fang, SHI Kejian

“…It is mainly discussed on acupuncture research from the structural function of NVU to the spatial structure changes in IS, with neurons as the one-dimensional target, neurons, brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) as the two-dimensional target, and with neurons, BMEC and glial cells as the multi-dimensional target.ResultsMost of the previous studies on acupuncture treatment of IS only stayed at a single level of neuron or angiogenesis regulation, and rarely involved the research on the overall NVU and the interaction among its components. …”
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Effects of Chronic Dopamine D2R Agonist Treatment and Polysialic Acid Depletion on Dendritic Spine Density and Excitatory Neurotransmission in the mPFC of Adult Rats by Esther Castillo-Gómez, Emilio Varea, José Miguel Blasco-Ibáñez, Carlos Crespo, Juan Nacher

“…Both treatments decreased spine density in apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons without affecting their inhibitory innervation. …”
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