First-line combination therapy of immunotherapy plus anti-angiogenic drug for thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumors in AIDS: a case report and review of the literature by Xiaoling Wei, Xiangju Xing, Wei Yao, Changzheng Wang, Yajie Xiao, Xianzhi Du

“…Additionally, serum biomarkers of lung cancer were abnormal as follows: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) at 13.74 ng/mL, cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) at 6.82 ng/mL, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) at 25.49 ng/mL, and progastrin-releasing peptide precursor (ProGRP) at 89.35 pg/mL. …”
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Diagnostics and Treatment of Esophageal Achalasia (Clinical Guidelines of the Russian Gastroenterological Association, Russian Scientific Medical Society of Internal Medicine, Russ... by V. T. Ivashkin, A. S. Trukhmanov, I. V. Maev, O. M. Drapkina, A. I. Martynov, O. A. Storonova, E. A. Godgello, M. P. Korolev, T. L. Lapina, P. V. Pavlov, A. V. Paraskevova, I. A. Tarasova, E. D. Fedorov, A. T. Tskhovrebov, M. P. Shapka, A. L. Shestakov, A. V. Yurasov

“…However, it is believed that the key role belongs to the changes in the myenteric (Auerbach’s) intermuscular plexus of the enteric nervous system of the esophagus, leading to loss of neuronal function. The following hypotheses have been proposed as the main mechanisms for the development of achalasia: genetic predisposition, exposure to viral infections, and idiopathic autoimmune triggers. …”
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Electroacupuncture and Tongbian decoction ameliorate CUMS-induced depression and constipation in mice via TPH2/5-HT pathway of the gut-brain axis by Yi Chen, Peihua Shen, Qi Li, Shun Seng Ong, Yunzhi Qian, Hai Lu, Ming Li, Tianshu Xu

“…Furthermore, EA + TB reduced intestinal inflammation, restored neuronal morphology, increased the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) in both the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and colon, elevated the serum levels of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)—a molecule that acts as a gut-brain connector—and promoted the synthesis and production of serotonin (5-HT) in both the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. …”
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Deregulated methylation and expression of PCDHGB7 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a novel prognostic and immunological biomarker by Yue Yuan, Yue Yuan, Xin Nie, Jiayi Gao, Jiayi Gao, Yumeng Tian, Yumeng Tian, Liuer He, Liuer He, Xue Wang, Ping Zhang, Junling Ma, Lin Li, Lin Li

“…BackgroundsProtocadherin gamma subfamily B, 7 (PCDHGB7), a member of the protocadherin family, plays critical roles in neuronal connections and has been implicated in female reproductive system cancers. …”
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The development of the Cough Hypersensitivity Questionnaire for chronic cough by Barnaby Hirons, Peter S.P. Cho, Chris Krägeloh, Richard J. Siegert, Richard Turner, Katherine Rhatigan, Harini Kesavan, Ewan Mackay, Ha-Kyeong Won, Ju-Young Kim, Woo-Jung Song, Surinder S. Birring

“…Introduction Chronic cough is considered a disorder of neuronal hypersensitivity in which patients frequently report abnormal laryngeal and chest sensations, and excessive triggers. …”
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An automated platform for simultaneous, longitudinal analysis of engineered neuromuscular tissues for applications in neurotoxin potency testing by Jacob W. Fleming, Molly C. McCloskey, Kevin Gray, David R. Nash, Vincent Leung, Christos Michas, Shawn M. Luttrell, Christopher Cavanaugh, Julie Mathieu, Shawn Mcquire, Mark Bothwell, David L. Mack, Nicholas A. Geisse, Alec S.T. Smith

“…We present a turnkey iPSC-based model of the NMJ employing channelrhodopsin-2 expression within the motor neuron (MN) population driving muscle contraction in response to blue light. …”
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Identification of natural phytochemicals as AKT2 inhibitors using molecular docking and dynamics simulations as potential cancer therapeutics by Jibon Kumar Paul, Mahir Azmal, Md Naimul Haque Shohan, Mohua Mrinmoy, ANM Shah Newaz Been Haque, Omar Faruk Talukder, Ajit Ghosh

“…Given that AKT2 also plays a role in neuronal survival and plasticity, these compounds may have potential applications in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, warranting further investigation into their dual therapeutic relevance.…”
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Passive hyperthermia alters the resting-state functional connectivity of mouse brain by Yang Ruan, Kai Liu, Bo Li, Shaowen Qian, Hongxia Lei, Yao Xing, Gang Sun

“…The ROI-ROI FC analysis showed that passive hyperthermia exposure significantly reduced the FC strength in the overall brain represented by CN, SN, DMN of mice.Conclusion Prolonged exposure to high temperature has a greater impact on the overall perception and cognitive level of mice, which might help understand the relationship between neuronal activities and physiological thermal sensation and regulation as well as behavioral changes.…”
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3β-Hydroxysteroid-Δ24 Reductase (DHCR24) Protects Pancreatic β Cells from Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis by Scavenging Excessive Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Speci... by Yang Li, Xude Wang, Baoyu Yang, Haozhen Wang, Zhenzhong Ma, Ziyin Lu, Xiuli Lu, Bing Gao

“…There is accumulating evidence showing that apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a key role in pancreatic β cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. 3β-Hydroxysteroid-Δ24 Reductase (DHCR24) is a multifunctional enzyme located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which has been previously shown to protect neuronal cells from ER stress-induced apoptosis. However, the role of DHCR24 in type 2 diabetes is only incompletely understood so far. …”
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Stable improvement in hand muscle strength in incomplete spinal cord injury patients by long-term paired associative stimulation—a case series study by Kirsi Holopainen, Aleksandra Tolmacheva, Ines Bersch, Piia Haakana, Piia Haakana, Markus Pohjonen, Erika Kirveskari, Erika Kirveskari, Jari Arokoski, Anastasia Shulga, Anastasia Shulga

“…Patients were also evaluated with motor point (MP) integrity testing to estimate the extent of lower motor neuron damage. High MP integrity testing scores (low extent of damage) correlated positively with good MRC outcomes of the stimulated hand after high-PAS (r = 0.52, p ≤ 0.001).ConclusionHigh-PAS may improve muscle strength of both the stimulated and contralateral sides. …”
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Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis of the Association Between Mitochondrial Proteins and Neurodegenerative Diseases by Fangyuan Wang, Zhou Jing, Qingyi Wang, Minghe Li, Bingqi Lu, Ao Huo, Chenglin Zhao, Huanyu Zhou, Wulong Liang, Weihua Hu, Xudong Fu

“…ABSTRACT Background Neurodegenerative diseases involve progressive neuronal dysfunction and cognitive decline, posing substantial global challenges. …”
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Clinical efficacy of low‐dose Perampanel correlates with neurophysiological changes in familial adult myoclonus epilepsy 2 by Antonietta Coppola, Claudia Cuccurullo, Gianmaria Senerchia, Marica Rubino, Liana Veneziano, Francesco Brancati, Luigi Baratto, Valentina Virginia Iuzzolino, Leonilda Bilo, Pasquale Striano, Raffaele Dubbioso

“…In conclusion, low‐dose PER is well tolerated and effective in alleviating myoclonus in FAME2 patients, supported by its modulatory effects on glutamatergic and GABAergic neuronal circuits. Plain Language Summary: This study investigated the effects of low‐dose perampanel in individuals with Familial Adult Myoclonus Epilepsy2 (FAME2), a hereditary condition characterized by epilepsy and tremors. …”
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Cerebellar lipid dysregulation in SCA3: A comparative study in patients and mice by Alexandra F. Putka, Varshasnata Mohanty, Stephanie M. Cologna, Hayley S. McLoughlin

“…In SCA3, a polyglutamine expansion in ATXN3 causes neuron loss in disease-vulnerable brain regions, resulting in progressive loss of coordination and ultimately death. …”
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Microglia TRPC1 SUMOylation drives neuroinflammation after stroke by modulating NLRP3 activity via increasing TRPC1 interaction with ARRB2 by Huinan Zhang, Xinzhe Du, Tian Gao, Xing Wang, Huifeng Zhang, Manyang Yu, Jing Huang

“…Mice with a loss of TRPC1 SUMOylation in microglia exhibited improved stroke outcomes including reduced behavior deficits, infarct volume, blood brain barrier damage as well as neuronal apoptosis. Mechanistically, SUMOylation of microglial TRPC1 exacerbated neutrophil infiltration into the peri-infarct area. …”
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Study on the Therapeutic Effects of Bisdemethoxycurcumin on a Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Mouse Model Established via Chronic Treatment With Five Vascular Risk Factors by Shudong Lin, Guanghua Zhu, Juan Xie, Xuanwei Wen, Limin Deng, Sijing Li, Guozhi Liu, Feiyan Wang, Shuangxi Chen, Zijian Xiao

“…The study observed the levels of Aβ40 and proinflammatory factors in brain tissue and plasma, Aβ deposition in cerebral blood vessels, microbleeds in brain tissue, expression of proteins related to the cGAS/STING signaling pathway in brain tissue, as well as the contents of p‐RIPK‐1, p‐RIPK‐3, p‐MLKL, neuronal morphology, and learning and memory abilities in mice. …”
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UNet-Att: a self-supervised denoising and recovery model for two-photon microscopic image by Yuer Lu, Yongfa Ying, Chen Lin, Yan Wang, Jun Jin, Xiaoming Jiang, Jianwei Shuai, Xiang Li, Jinjin Zhong

“…While existing denoising methods such as CNNs, Noise2Noise, and DeepCAD serve broad applications in imaging, they still have limitations in preserving texture structures and fine details in two-photon microscopic images affected by complex noise, particularly in sophisticated structures like neuronal synapses. To improve two-photon microscopy image denoising effectiveness, by experimenting on real two-photon microscopy images, we propose a novel deep learning framework, the UNet-Att model, which integrates a specifically tailored UNet++ architecture with attention mechanisms. …”
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Lipid mediators in post-mortem brain samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review by Aidan D. Tyrrell, Giulia Cisbani, Mackenzie E. Smith, Chuck T. Chen, Yue-Tong Chen, Raphael Chouinard-Watkins, Kathryn E. Hopperton, Ameer Y. Taha, Richard P. Bazinet

“…A proposed contributor to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is the induction of neuroinflammation due to tau and beta-amyloid protein accumulation causing neuronal injury and dysfunction. Dysregulation of lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids may contribute to this inflammatory response in the brain of patients with AD, yet the literature has not yet been systematically reviewed. …”
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Deep proteomics and network pharmacology reveal sex- and age-shared neuropathic pain signatures in mouse dorsal root ganglia by Sabrina Grundtner, Julia R. Sondermann, Feng Xian, Daniel Malzl, Daniel Segelcke, Esther M. Pogatzki-Zahn, Jörg Menche, David Gómez-Varela, Manuela Schmidt

“…Protein network and multidimensional analysis uncovered distinct hubs of sex- and age-shared biological pathways impacted by neuropathic pain, such as neuronal activity and synaptic function, DNA-damage, and neuroimmune interactions. …”
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Oligodendrocyte precursor cell-derived exosomes combined with cell therapy promote clinical recovery by immunomodulation and gliosis attenuation by Sarah Ingrid Pinto Santos, Santiago José Ortiz-Peñuela, Alessandro de Paula Filho, Ana Laura Midori Rossi Tomiyama, Lilian de Oliveira Coser, Juliano Coelho da Silveira, Daniele dos Santos Martins, Adriano Polican Ciena, Alexandre Leite Rodrigues de Oliveira, Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio

“…Pre-clinical studies involving the use of neural stem cells (NSCs) have already demonstrated their potential in neuronal regeneration and remyelination. However, the exclusive application of cell therapy has not proved sufficient to achieve satisfactory therapeutic levels. …”
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Topical neurokinin-1 receptor antagonism ameliorates ocular pain and prevents corneal nerve degeneration in an animal model of dry eye disease by Amirreza Naderi, Yukako Taketani, Shudan Wang, Francesca Kahale, Ann Yung, Pier Luigi Surico, Yihe Chen, Reza Dana

“…Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonism effectively reduced ocular nociception, decreased neuronal activation, and preserved corneal nerves in mice with DED. …”
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