The Role of “Mixed” Orexigenic and Anorexigenic Signals and Autoantibodies Reacting with Appetite-Regulating Neuropeptides and Peptides of the Adipose Tissue-Gut-Brain Axis: Releva... by Kvido Smitka, Hana Papezova, Karel Vondra, Martin Hill, Vojtech Hainer, Jara Nedvidkova

“…Parasympathetic, sympathetic, and serotoninergic systems are required for communication between brain satiety centre, gut, and AT. These neuronal circuits include neuropeptides ghrelin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY), cholecystokinin (CCK), leptin, putative anorexigen obestatin, monoamines dopamine, norepinephrine (NE), serotonin, and neutralizing autoantibodies. …”
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The role of KLF4 in human primordial germ cell development by Sun-Min Lee, Merrick Pierson Smela, M. Azim Surani

“…Cut-and-run and transcriptomic analyses reveal that KLF4 represses somatic markers involved in neuronal and endodermal differentiation while promoting the expression of genes associated with PGC specification, such as PAX5, and epigenetic regulators, including DNMT3L and REST. …”
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Molecular logic for cellular specializations that initiate the auditory parallel processing pathways by Junzhan Jing, Ming Hu, Tenzin Ngodup, Qianqian Ma, Shu-Ning Natalie Lau, M. Cecilia Ljungberg, Matthew J. McGinley, Laurence O. Trussell, Xiaolong Jiang

“…Abstract The cochlear nuclear complex (CN), the starting point for all central auditory processing, encompasses a suite of neuronal cell types highly specialized for neural coding of acoustic signals. …”
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Action inflexibility and compulsive-like behavior accompany neurobiological alterations in the anterior orbitofrontal cortex and associated striatal nuclei by Laura M. Butkovich, Sophie T. Yount, Aylet T. Allen, Esther H. Seo, Andrew M. Swanson, Shannon L. Gourley

“…We found that these mice also demonstrate insensitivity to Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer, as well as compulsive-like grooming behavior that is ameliorated by fluoxetine and inhibitory, but not excitatory, chemogenetic modulation of excitatory OFC neurons. Thus, these mice offer the opportunity to identify neurobiological factors associated with inflexible and compulsive-like behavior. …”
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Advances in synaptic PET imaging and intervention with synapse-targeted small-molecular drugs for dementia diagnosis and therapy by Xiuhong Lu, Bin Ji, Gang Huang, Hong Ding

“…Dementia is characterized by synaptic and neuronal dysfunction in disease-specific brain regions. …”
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Engineering a membrane protein chaperone to ameliorate the proteotoxicity of mutant huntingtin by Jeonghyun Oh, Christy Catherine, Eun Seon Kim, Kwang Wook Min, Hae Chan Jeong, Hyojin Kim, Mijin Kim, Seung Hae Ahn, Nataliia Lukianenko, Min Gu Jo, Hyeon Seok Bak, Sungsu Lim, Yun Kyung Kim, Ho Min Kim, Sung Bae Lee, Hyunju Cho

“…Overexpression of the hsPEX19-FV variant rescues HD-associated phenotypes in primary striatal neurons and in Drosophila. Overall, our data reveal that engineering ATP-independent membrane protein chaperones is a promising therapeutic approach for rational targeting of mHttex1 aggregation in HD.…”
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Functional Role of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis as a Therapeutic Strategy for Mental Disorders by Heechul Jun, Syed Mohammed Qasim Hussaini, Michael J. Rigby, Mi-Hyeon Jang

“…Adult neurogenesis, the process of generating new neurons from neural stem cells, plays significant roles in synaptic plasticity, memory, and mood regulation. …”
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Effect of Phenylephrine on the Accommodative System by José J. Esteve-Taboada, Antonio J. Del Águila-Carrasco, Paula Bernal-Molina, Teresa Ferrer-Blasco, Norberto López-Gil, Robert Montés-Micó

“…Accommodation is controlled by the action of the ciliary muscle and mediated primarily by parasympathetic input through postganglionic fibers that originate from neurons in the ciliary and pterygopalatine ganglia. …”
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Técnicas de planificación para optimizar el rendimiento de los sistemas de tiempo real multiprocesador by José María Aceituno, Ana Guasque, Patricia Balbastre, José Simó, Carlos Eduardo Pereira, Alfons Crespo

“…Además, se propone una red neuronal artificial para predecir qué política de alojamiento se debe aplicar para minimizar la longitud de los intervalos que forman el plan temporal y así reducir la complejidad de planificación de cada intervalo.…”
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Prior Exposure to Immunosuppressors Sensitizes Retinal Microglia and Accelerates Optic Nerve Regeneration in Zebrafish by Ilse Bollaerts, Jessie Van houcke, An Beckers, Kim Lemmens, Sophie Vanhunsel, Lies De Groef, Lieve Moons

“…As adult mammals lack the capacity to replace or repair damaged neurons, degeneration and trauma (and subsequent dysfunction) of the central nervous system (CNS) seriously constrains the patient’s life quality. …”
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MT-100, a human Tie2-agonistic antibody, improves penile neurovasculature in diabetic mice via the novel target Srpx2 by Fang-Yuan Liu, Young-Lai Cho, Fitri Rahma Fridayana, Lashkari Niloofar, Minh Nhat Vo, Yan Huang, Anita Limanjaya, Mi-Hye Kwon, Jiyeon Ock, Seon-Jin Lee, Guo Nan Yin, Nam-Kyung Lee, Ji-Kan Ryu

“…This regulation led to the survival of vascular and neuronal cells, a reduction in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of the PI3K/AKT/eNOS signaling pathway, increased expression of neurotrophic factors, and ultimately alleviation of ED in diabetic mice. …”
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EEG as a neural measure of hypoxia-related impairment by Stephanie R. Otto, Stephanie R. Otto, Cammi K. Borden, Cammi K. Borden, Daniel G. McHail, Kara J. Blacker

“…Electroencephalography (EEG) in particular has been used to explore how electrical activity produced by networks of cortical neurons changes under hypoxia. Here we review studies that have explored how hypoxia affects prominent EEG brain rhythms as well as responses to specific events or stimuli in the time and frequency domains. …”
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Dehydration-Induced Anorexia Reduces Astrocyte Density in the Rat Corpus Callosum by Daniel Reyes-Haro, Francisco Emmanuel Labrada-Moncada, Ricardo Miledi, Ataúlfo Martínez-Torres

“…Glial cells, the major population of nerve cells in the central nervous system, play a crucial role in supplying energy to the neurons. The corpus callosum (CC) is the largest white matter tract in mammals, and more than 99% of the cell somata correspond to glial cells in rodents. …”
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Cardiorespiratory dynamics in the brain: Review on the significance of cardiovascular and respiratory correlates in functional MRI signal by Mahathi Kandimalla, Seokbeen Lim, Jay Thakkar, Sannidhi Dewan, Daehun Kang, Myung-Ho In, Hang Joon Jo, Dong Pyo Jang, Zuzana Nedelska, Maria I. Lapid, Yunhong Shu, Cheon-Pyung, Petrice M. Cogswell, Val J. Lowe, Jeyeon Lee, Hoon-Ki Min

“…We also discuss the complexities of distinguishing these signals from neuronal activity in fMRI data, given their significant contribution to signal variability and interactions with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). …”
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Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha: A Link between Neuroinflammation and Excitotoxicity by Gabriel Olmos, Jerònia Lladó

“…In addition, TNF-α can potentiate glutamate-mediated cytotoxicity by two complementary mechanisms: indirectly, by inhibiting glutamate transport on astrocytes, and directly, by rapidly triggering the surface expression of Ca+2 permeable-AMPA receptors and NMDA receptors, while decreasing inhibitory GABAA receptors on neurons. Thus, the net effect of TNF-α is to alter the balance of excitation and inhibition resulting in a higher synaptic excitatory/inhibitory ratio. …”
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Development and Structural Variety of the Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans-Contained Extracellular Matrix in the Mouse Brain by Noriko Horii-Hayashi, Takayo Sasagawa, Wataru Matsunaga, Mayumi Nishi

“…In adult mammals, CSPGs form the specialized ECM structure perineuronal nets (PNNs) that surround somata and dendrites of certain types of neurons. PNNs restrict synaptic plasticity and regulate the closure of critical periods. …”
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Stress-Induced Changes in the Gastrointestinal Motor System by Victor Plourde

“…These various responses to stress are presumably attributed to the preferential activation of specific neuronal pathways under the influence of a given stimulus or its intensity. …”
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Effect of Hemin on Brain Alterations and Neuroglobin Expression in Water Immersion Restraint Stressed Rats by Merhan Ragy, Fatma Ali, Maggie M. Ramzy

“…Hemin as HO-1 inducer has been shown to attenuate neuronal injury so the goal of this study was to assess the effect of hemin therapy on the acute stress and how it would modulate neurological outcome. …”
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The Role of Dopamine in Impulsivity and Substance Abuse: A Narrative Review by Connor J Plaisance, Lloyd F Ledet III, Nicholas J Slusher, Charles P Daniel, Zachary Lee, Bradley Dorius, Sonnah Barrie, Tomasina Q Parker-Actlis, Shahab Ahmadzadeh, Sahar Shekoohi, Alan D Kaye

“…It is well established that most of the dopaminergic neurons of the brain are located in the ventral mid-brain and consists of four main pathways: mesocortical, mesolimbic, nigrostriatal, and tuberoinfundibular pathways. …”
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A high‐capacity and nonvolatile spintronic associative memory hardware accelerator by Mahan Rezaei, Abdolah Amirany, Mohammad Hossein Moaiyeri, Kian Jafari

“…A nonvolatile associative memory based on spintronic synapses utilising magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) and carbon nanotube field‐effect transistors (CNTFET)‐based neurons is proposed. The proposed design uses the MTJ device because of its fascinating features, such as reliable reconfiguration and nonvolatility. …”
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