Alpha-Lipoic Acid Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury via Insulin Receptor and PI3K/Akt-Dependent Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase by Yinhua Dong, Hongxin Wang, Zefeng Chen

“…In the present study, administration of ALA (40 mg/kg, i.p.) for 3 days resulted in a significant decrease in neuronal deficit score and infarct volume and a significant increase in grip time and latency time in Morris water maze at 48 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) in rats. …”
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Theaflavin Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats Through Its Anti-Inflammatory Effect and Modulation of STAT-1 by Fei Cai, Cai-Rong Li, Ji-Liang Wu, Jian-Guo Chen, Chao Liu, Qing Min, Wei Yu, Chang-Han Ouyang, Jin-He Chen

“…Our study demonstrated that theaflavin significantly protected neurons from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by limiting leukocyte infiltration and expression of ICAM-1, and suppressing upregulation of inflammatory-related prooxidative enzymes (iNOS and COX-2) in ischemic brain via, at least in part, reducing the phosphorylation of STAT-1.…”
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The Role of FRMD7 in Idiopathic Infantile Nystagmus by Rachel J. Watkins, Mervyn G. Thomas, Chris J. Talbot, Irene Gottlob, Sue Shackleton

“…Limited studies together with the knowledge of the function of other FERM domain containing proteins, suggest that FRMD7 may play a role in membrane extension during neuronal development through remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton.…”
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Perfusion Imaging in Autoimmune Encephalitis by Deepak Vallabhaneni, Muhammad Atif Naveed, Rajiv Mangla, Awss Zidan, Rashi I. Mehta

“…Autoimmune encephalitis is caused by antibodies against neuronal synaptic receptors, surface proteins, or intracellular proteins. …”
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Application of deep learning for technological parameter optimization of laser shock peening of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by Mikhail Verezhak, Aleksei Vshivkov, Elena Gachegova, Maria Bartolomei, Alexander Mayer, Sathya Swaroop

“…The results of research on determination of the optimal configuration of the deep learning model showed that when using sinusoidal activation function of the neural network with 4 hidden layers and the number of neurons 10, the best level of accuracy in solving the problem is achieved. …”
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The immunological perspective of major depressive disorder: unveiling the interactions between central and peripheral immune mechanisms by Wenli Jiao, Jiayi Lin, Yanfang Deng, Yelin Ji, Chuoyi Liang, Sijia Wei, Xi Jing, Fengxia Yan

“…Within the central nervous system, aberrant microglial and astrocytes activation, cytokine imbalances, and compromised blood-brain barrier integrity propagate neuroinflammation, disrupting neurotransmission, impairing neuroplasticity, and promoting neuronal injury. The crosstalk between peripheral and central immunity creates a vicious cycle exacerbating depressive neuropathology. …”
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Identification of C-Kit-Positive Interstitial Cells in the Dog Lower Urinary Tract and Relationship with Smooth Muscle and Nerves. Hypotheses for a Likely Pacemaker Role. by Silvana Arrighi, Giampaolo Bosi, Debora Groppetti, Fausto Cremonesi

“…The roles of interstitial cells might include regulation of smooth muscle activity of the bladder detrusor, integrating neuronal signals during urine storage and voiding.…”
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Photoinduced hidden monoclinic metallic phase of VO2 driven by local nucleation by Feng-Wu Guo, Wen-Hao Liu, Zhi Wang, Shu-Shen Li, Lin-Wang Wang, Jun-Wei Luo

“…Abstract The insulator-to-metal transition in VO2 has garnered extensive attention for its potential applications in ultrafast switches, neuronal network architectures, and storage technologies. …”
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From air to mind: unraveling the impact of indoor pollutants on psychiatric disorders by German Torres, Ryia T. Subbaiah, Riya A. Sood, Joerg R. Leheste

“…A better understanding of how indoor airborne pollutants affect brain neurons to augment clinical symptoms associated with psychiatric disorders will undoubtedly be useful in the subsequent treatment of patients with major depressive and/or bipolar disorders. …”
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Chronic Social Defeat Stress Modulates Dendritic Spines Structural Plasticity in Adult Mouse Frontal Association Cortex by Yu Shu, Tonghui Xu

“…Previous studies have shown that dendrites and spines of pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex undergo drastic reorganization following chronic stress experience. …”
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VDAC1: A Key Player in the Mitochondrial Landscape of Neurodegeneration by Shirel Argueti-Ostrovsky, Shir Barel, Joy Kahn, Adrian Israelson

“…The pivotal functions of VDAC1 in controlling mitochondrial membrane permeability, regulating calcium balance, and facilitating programmed cell death pathways, position it as a key determinant in the delicate balance between neuronal viability and degeneration. Accordingly, increasing evidence suggests that VDAC1 is implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and others. …”
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Insulin/IGF-I and Related Signaling Pathways Regulate Aging in Nondividing Cells: from Yeast to the Mammalian Brain by Edoardo Parrella, Valter D. Longo

“…We will discuss how the “molecular strategy” responsible for life span extension in response to dietary and genetic manipulations appears to be remarkably conserved in various organisms and cells, including neuronal cells in different organisms. Taken together, these studies indicate that simple model systems will contribute to our comprehension of aging of the mammalian nervous system and will stimulate novel neurotherapeutic strategies in humans.…”
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Regulation of Posttranscriptional Modification as a Possible Therapeutic Approach for Retinal Neuroprotection by Yoko Ozawa, Toshihide Kurihara, Kazuo Tsubota, Hideyuki Okano

“…This latter effect may decrease synaptic activity, in turn adversely affecting neuronal survival. Both mechanisms involve increased UPS activity and the subsequent excessive degradation of a protein required for visual function. …”
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Emergent Self‐Adaptation in an Integrated Photonic Neural Network for Backpropagation‐Free Learning by Alessio Lugnan, Samarth Aggarwal, Frank Brückerhoff‐Plückelmann, C. David Wright, Wolfram H. P. Pernice, Harish Bhaskaran, Peter Bienstman

“…In this work, these properties occurring in arrays of photonic neurons are experimentally demonstrated. Importantly, this is realized autonomously in an emergent fashion, without the need for an external controller setting weights and without explicit feedback of a global reward signal. …”
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Novel Strategies for the Improvement of Stem Cells’ Transplantation in Degenerative Retinal Diseases by Simona Delia Nicoară, Sergiu Șușman, Oana Tudoran, Otilia Bărbos, Gabriela Cherecheș, Simion Aștilean, Monica Potara, Olga Sorițău

“…The main sources of SCs for the treatment of retinal diseases are the embryo, the bone marrow, the region of neuronal genesis, and the eye. The success of transplantation depends on the origin of cells, the route of administration, the local microenvironment, and the proper combinative formula of growth factors. …”
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Nonlinear time series prediction algorithm based on AD-SSNET for artificial intelligence–powered Internet of Things by Banteng Liu, Wei Chen, Meng Han, Zhangquan Wang, Ping Sun, Xiaowen Lv, Jiaming Xu, Zegao Yin

“…First, the optimal clustering scheme of randomly distributed neurons in the network is adaptively obtained by the AIC-DSCA, then the AD-SSNET is constructed according to the intra-cluster priority connection algorithm. …”
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Toll-Like Receptor 4: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer’s Disease by Linyu Wu, Xiaohui Xian, Guangyu Xu, Zixuan Tan, Fang Dong, Min Zhang, Feng Zhang

“…Activation of TLR4 induces downstream signaling pathways and promotes the generation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which also trigger the activation of astrocytes and influence amyloid-dependent neuronal death. Therefore, TLR4 may be an important molecular target for treating AD by regulating neuroinflammation. …”
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Possible Involvement of a Mitochondrial Translation Initiation Factor 3 Variant Causing Decreased mRNA Levels in Parkinson's Disease by Anna Anvret, Caroline Ran, Marie Westerlund, Ann-Christin Thelander, Olof Sydow, Charlotta Lind, Anna Håkansson, Hans Nissbrandt, Dagmar Galter, Andrea Carmine Belin

“…Dysfunction of MTIF3 may impair mitochondrial function and dopamine neurons appear to be particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress, which may relate to their degeneration in PD. …”
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Glucose metabolism impairment in major depressive disorder by Fanhao Meng, Jing Wang, Long Wang, Wei Zou

“…These impairments may result from mechanisms including insulin resistance, hyperglycemia-induced damage, oxidative stress, astrocyte abnormalities, and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to insufficient energy supply, altered synaptic plasticity, neuronal cell death, and functional and structural damage to reward networks. …”
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Distinct patterns of prion strain deposition and toxicity in a novel whole brain organotypic slice culture system by Hailey Pineau, Valerie L. Sim

“…We have adapted this approach to a coronally sliced whole brain organotypic culture and demonstrate distinct profiles of cytotoxicity and neuronal loss upon exposure to four mouse-adapted scrapie strains. …”
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