Comparison between cortical and subcortical diaphragmatic motor stimulation by transcranial magnetic stimulation on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by Hanan Mohamed Ibrahim Elshoura, Ahmed Adel Ahmed Ghareeb Nofal, Hossam Salaheldin Labib

“…Abstract Background Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a non-invasive method of electrically stimulating neurons in the cerebral cortex, can change neuronal and cortical activity locally and remotely by applying localized magnetic fields. …”
Get full text

Peripheral huntingtin silencing does not ameliorate central signs of disease in the B6.HttQ111/+ mouse model of Huntington's disease. by Sydney R Coffey, Robert M Bragg, Shawn Minnig, Seth A Ament, Jeffrey P Cantle, Anne Glickenhaus, Daniel Shelnut, José M Carrillo, Dominic D Shuttleworth, Julie-Anne Rodier, Kimihiro Noguchi, C Frank Bennett, Nathan D Price, Holly B Kordasiewicz, Jeffrey B Carroll

“…Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease whose predominant neuropathological signature is the selective loss of medium spiny neurons in the striatum. Despite this selective neuropathology, the mutant protein (huntingtin) is found in virtually every cell so far studied, and, consequently, phenotypes are observed in a wide range of organ systems both inside and outside the central nervous system. …”
Get full text

Optimization and modeling of sulfur removal from liquid fuel using carbon-based adsorbents through synergistic application of RSM and machine learning by Karim Maghfour Sarkarabad, Mohsen Shayanmehr, Ahad Ghaemi

“…The optimal MLP configuration, utilizing the Levenberg–Marquardt (Trainlm) algorithm, consisted of three hidden layers with 20, 17, and 9 neurons, respectively, while the optimal RBF network contained 43 neurons. …”
Get full text

Glioblastoma with Both Oligodendroglioma and Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor-Like Components in a Case with 9-Year Survival by Ying-Tso Chen, Shu-Shong Hsu, Chi-Man Yip, Ping-Hong Lai, Huai-Pao Lee

“…A primary brain tumor with both astrocytic differentiation and neuronal immunophenotype features is rare. Here, we report a long-term survival patient who presented this rare form of GBM in the disease course. …”
Get full text

Pharmacological targeting cGAS/STING/NF-κB axis by tryptanthrin induces microglia polarization toward M2 phenotype and promotes functional recovery in a mouse model of spinal cord... by Ziwei Fan, Mengxian Jia, Jian Zhou, Zhoule Zhu, Yumin Wu, Xiaowu Lin, Yiming Qian, Jiashu Lian, Xin Hua, Jianhong Dong, Zheyu Fang, Yuqing Liu, Sibing Chen, Xiumin Xue, Juanqing Yue, Minyu Zhu, Ying Wang, Zhihui Huang, Honglin Teng

“…Additionally, we found that targeting the cGAS/STING/NF-κB pathway with tryptanthrin shifted microglia from the M1 to M2 phenotype after spinal cord injury, inhibited neuronal loss, and promoted tissue repair and functional recovery in a mouse model of spinal cord injury. …”
Get full text

Nitric Oxide - Its Importance in Swallowing, Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy by ABR Thomson

“…Peripherally administered NOS inhibitor can access structures within the blood-brain barrier to affect neuronal activity and physiological function. The central pattern generated for swallowing and esophageal peristalsis is suggested to be a serial network of linked neurons within the nucleus of the solitary tract and neighbouring reticular formation, and there is likely one subnetwork for the oropharyngeal phase and the other for the esophageal phase of swallowing. …”
Get full text

MMP-9 Contributes to Dendritic Spine Remodeling Following Traumatic Brain Injury by Barbara Pijet, Marzena Stefaniuk, Leszek Kaczmarek

“…Such change in brain homeostasis may often lead to brain disorders. The basic units of neuronal connectivity are dendritic spines that are tiny protrusions forming synapses between two cells in a network. …”
Get full text

The effect of space flight on genes expression in brain by A. S. Tsybko, T. V. Ilchibaeva, N. K. Popova

“…Also, the system of neuronal apoptosis is activated under the influence of microgravity as evidenced by changes in the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-XL in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. …”
Get full text

Spatial Learning Is Associated with Antagonist Outcomes for DNA Methylation and DNA Hydroxymethylation in the Transcriptional Regulation of the Ryanodine Receptor 3 by Rodrigo F. Torres, Bredford Kerr

“…Interestingly, stimuli that increase neuronal activity upregulate the transcriptional activity of Ryr3 and augment DNA methylation in its proximal promoter. …”
Get full text

Balancing central control and sensory feedback produces adaptable and robust locomotor patterns in a spiking, neuromechanical model of the salamander spinal cord. by Alessandro Pazzaglia, Andrej Bicanski, Andrea Ferrario, Jonathan Arreguit, Dimitri Ryczko, Auke Ijspeert

“…Unlike previous studies that often oversimplified the dynamics of the locomotor networks, our model includes detailed simulations of the classes of neurons that are considered responsible for generating movement patterns. …”
Get full text

Maternal obesity increases hypothalamic miR-505-5p expression in mouse offspring leading to altered fatty acid sensing and increased intake of high-fat food. by Laura Dearden, Isadora C Furigo, Lucas C Pantaleão, L W P Wong, Denise S Fernandez-Twinn, Juliana de Almeida-Faria, Katherine A Kentistou, Maria V Carreira, Guillaume Bidault, Antonio Vidal-Puig, Ken K Ong, John R B Perry, Jose Donato, Susan E Ozanne

“…Metabolic hormones and long-chain fatty acids associated with obesity increase miR-505-5p expression in hypothalamic neurons in vitro. We demonstrate that targets of miR-505-5p are enriched in fatty acid metabolism pathways and overexpression of miR-505-5p decreased neuronal fatty acid metabolism in vitro. miR-505-5p targets are associated with increased BMI in human genetic studies. …”
Get full text

Effect of Baicalein on Cognitive Impairment in Diabetes Mellitus with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease by Li ZHOU, Zhengqi LU, Xiaoming YE, Wanxin YANG, Zhisheng WEI, Yi KONG, Xuming HUANG

“…The HE staining sections illustrated a large number of active neurons were found in the control group, but loose spongiform degeneration of brain tissue, apoptosis and necrosis of neurons and karyopyknosis were detected in the model group. …”
Get full text

Autoregulation of the glial gene reversed polarity in Drosophila by Jamie L. Wood, Saroj Nepal, Bradley W. Jones

“…Abstract During development, cells of the nervous system begin as unspecified precursors and proceed along one of two developmental paths to become either neurons or glia. Work in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has established the role of the transcription factor Glial cells missing (Gcm) in directing neuronal precursor cells to assume a glial cell fate. …”
Get full text

Cilostazol Combats Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hippocampal Injury in Rats: Role of AKT/GSK3β/CREB Curbing Neuroinflammation by Doaa Abou El-ezz, Waleed Aldahmash, Tuba Esatbeyoglu, Sherif M. Afifi, Marawan Abd Elbaset

“…Histopathological examination revealed that cilostazol ameliorated LPS-induced brain damage with reduced neuronal loss and gliosis. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed a decrease in Iba-1 expression, indicating a reduction in microglial activation in the cilostazol-treated group compared to the LPS group. …”
Get full text

Structural Brain Changes Associated with Overweight and Obesity by Erick Gómez-Apo, Alejandra Mondragón-Maya, Martina Ferrari-Díaz, Juan Silva-Pereyra

“…This leads to chronic low-grade neuroinflammation and may be an important factor for apoptotic signaling and neuronal death. Additionally, significant microangiopathy observed in rat models may be another important mechanism of induction of apoptosis. …”
Get full text

3D Winding Number: Theory and Application to Medical Imaging by Alessandro Becciu, Andrea Fuster, Mark Pottek, Bart van den Heuvel, Bart ter Haar Romeny, Hans van Assen

“…We illustrate our method by considering three different biomedical applications, namely, detection and counting of ovarian follicles and neuronal cells and estimation of cardiac motion from tagged MR images. …”
Get full text

miRNAs Participate in MS Pathological Processes and Its Therapeutic Response by Ting Wu, Guangjie Chen

“…It is believed that the increased migration of autoreactive lymphocytes across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) may be responsible for axonal demyelination of neurons. In this review, we discuss microRNAs participating in the pathological processes of MS, including periphery inflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, and CNS lesions, and in its therapeutic response, in order to find biomarkers of disease severity and to predict the response to therapy of the diseases.…”
Get full text

The cerebral blood flow response to neuroactivation is reduced in cognitively normal men with β-amyloid accumulation by Mark Bitsch Vestergaard, Aftab Bakhtiari, Merete Osler, Erik Lykke Mortensen, Ulrich Lindberg, Ian Law, Martin Lauritzen, Krisztina Benedek, Henrik Bo Wiberg Larsson

“…Conclusion We found a correlation between high PiB SUVr and reduced CBF response to neuronal activation, indicating a link between Aβ accumulation and impaired cerebrovascular function. …”
Get full text

Bases cérébrales de la motivation chez le singe rhésus : études pharmacologiques et neurophysiologiques by Chiara Varazzani, Aurore San‑Galli, Caroline Jahn, Nicolas Borderies, Sébastien Bouret

“…Une fois les singes entrainés, nous mesurons l’activité des neurones du cortex préfrontal, ainsi que celle des neurones à dopamine (DA) de la substance noire (SN) et des neurones à noradrénaline (NA) du locus coeruleus (LC). …”
Get full text

Serotonin Receptors in Hippocampus by Laura Cristina Berumen, Angelina Rodríguez, Ricardo Miledi, Guadalupe García-Alcocer

“…Almost all serotonin receptor subtypes are expressed in hippocampus, which implicates an intricate modulating system, considering that they can be localized as autosynaptic, presynaptic, and postsynaptic receptors, even colocalized within the same cell and being target of homo- and heterodimerization. Neurons and glia, including immune cells, integrate a functional network that uses several serotonin receptors to regulate their roles in this particular part of the limbic system.…”
Get full text