Recent applications of fractional calculus to science and engineering by Lokenath Debnath

“…This paper deals with recent applications of fractional calculus to dynamical systems in control theory, electrical circuits with fractance, generalized voltage divider, viscoelasticity, fractional-order multipoles in electromagnetism, electrochemistry, tracer in fluid flows, and model of neurons in biology. Special attention is given to numerical computation of fractional derivatives and integrals.…”
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Development and in vitro evaluation of biomimetic injectable hydrogels from decellularized human nerves for central nervous system regeneration by Gopal Agarwal, Kennedy Moes, Christine E. Schmidt

“…Human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exhibited higher viability and improved neuronal differentiation in iHPN compared to TCP. Human brain neurons had higher neuronal differentiation within iHPN compared to TCP or collagen hydrogels. …”
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An In Vitro Model of Diabetic Retinal Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Neuroretinal Degeneration by Qiyun Wang, Xinyuan Zhang, Kaiyue Wang, Ling Zhu, Bingjie Qiu, Xiaosi Chen, Xiao Lin, Yao Nie

“…This study establishes a rational in vitro diabetic retinal neuronal-endothelial dysfunction model and a comprehensive downstream validation system. …”
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Mechanism of SET8 Activates the Nrf2-KEAP1-ARE Signaling Pathway to Promote the Recovery of Motor Function after Spinal Cord Injury by Xin Li, Yan Qian, Wanling Shen, Shiying Zhang, Hui Han, Yu Zhang, Shuangmei Liu, Shaokun Lv, Xiuying Zhang

“…In addition, the survival rate of neurons after SCI in rats was examined by using NiSSl staining. …”
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Astrocyte-Derived Interleukin 11 Modulates Astrocyte–Microglia Crosstalk via Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling Pathway in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy by Dandan Zhu, Peng Wang, Xiyue Chen, Kaituo Wang, Yunsong Wu, Min Zhang, Jianhua Qin

“…Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a severe and frequent septic complication, characterized by neuronal damage as key pathological features. The astrocyte–microglia crosstalk in the central nervous system (CNS) plays important roles in various neurological diseases. …”
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Effect of Electroacupuncture Preconditioning on Inflammatory Factors of Rabbits after Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Mengli YAO, Xianghua CHEN, Zhaohui CHEN, Hai WANG

“…Objective:To observe the effects of electroacupuncture preconditioning on the pathological changes of spinal cord tissue and the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1Rα)after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury, and to explore the protective mechanism of electroacupuncture on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits.Methods:A total of twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into the sham operation group, the model group and the electroacupuncture group according to the random number table method, with eight cases in each group.The model was made by Zivin method in the model group and the electroacupuncture group, the abdominal cavity was opened after intravenous anesthesia at ear margin, the abdominal aorta was exposed and temporarily clamped, and the rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury was established after ischemia for thirty minutes.The model preparation and experimental animal treatment of the sham operation group were the same as those of the model group, however, the dissection was fully exposed without clamping the abdominal aorta.At thirty minutes before the induction of rabbit spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion model, SDZ-II electroacupuncture instrument was used to acupuncture bilateral"Xuanzhong"and"Yanglingquan"acupoints in the electroacupuncture group, intervention for thirty minutes.All rabbits were killed after intervention for twelve hours, and the L2-5 segments of spinal cord tissue were captured.HE staining method was used to observe the pathological changes of spinal cord tissues in the three groups; Immunohistochemical method was used to observe the localization and content changes of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the contents of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1Rα in serum before modeling and 4, 8, 12 hours after ischemia-reperfusion.Results:①HE staining results: compared with the sham operation group, the number of neurons in spinal cord tissue in the model group decreased, the color of nucleus and cytoplasm of cells became lighter, and the boundary of nuclear membrane was not clear.In severe cases, the nucleus dissolved or even nucleolus disappeared, there were transparent areas around cells, and axons showed different degrees of degeneration such as enlargement, swelling and disappearance; compared with the model group, the number of neurons in the electroacupuncture group increased, the structure of most neurons was clear, the atrophy degree of nucleolus and nucleus was light, only a small amount of cells became deformed and necrosis, the damage degree of cells were lighter, and the density of surviving neurons increased.②Immunohistochemistry results: compared with the sham operation group, the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α of spinal cord tissue in the model group were significantly increased(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05);compared with the model group, the contents of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the spinal cord of rabbits in the electroacupuncture group were significantly decreased(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05).③ELISA results: Before modeling, there was no significant difference in the three groups(<italic>P</italic>&gt;0.05);compared with before modeling, the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1Rα in serum of the three groups increased in different degrees at 4, 8 and 12 h after ischemia-reperfusion, with significantly significance(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05);compared with the sham operation group at the same time, the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1Rα in the model group increased significantly at 4, 8 and 12 h after reperfusion(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05);compared with the model group at the same time, the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in the electroacupuncture group decreased significantly at 4, 8, 12 h after reperfusion(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05).Conclusion:Electroacupuncture pretreatment can effectively alleviate the pathological injury of spinal cord and has a good protective effect on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may be related to inhibit the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and promote the expression of IL-1Rα.…”
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Brain penetration of peripheral extracellular vesicles from Alzheimer's patients and induction of microglia activation by Hermine Counil, Rummenigge Oliveira Silva, Jean‐Michel Rabanel, Charlotte Zaouter, Mohamed Haddad, Mohamed Raâfet Ben Khedher, Davide Brambilla, Tamas Fülöp, Shunmoogum A. Patten, Charles Ramassamy

“…The passage of pEVs through the endothelial bEnd.3 cells was studied in a Transwell device with either neuronal or microglia cells seeded at the bottom of the well. …”
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Distinct roles of dentate gyrus and medial entorhinal cortex inputs for phase precession and temporal correlations in the hippocampal CA3 area by Siavash Ahmadi, Takuya Sasaki, Marta Sabariego, Christian Leibold, Stefan Leutgeb, Jill K. Leutgeb

“…Abstract The hippocampal CA3 subregion is a densely connected recurrent circuit that supports memory by generating and storing sequential neuronal activity patterns that reflect recent experience. …”
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The Insulin Regulatory Network in Adult Hippocampus and Pancreatic Endocrine System by Masanao Machida, Shin Fujimaki, Ryo Hidaka, Makoto Asashima, Tomoko Kuwabara

“…Hormonal signals from the pancreatic islets influence the regulation of energy homeostasis by the brain, and the brain in turn influences the secretions of the islets. Diabetes induces neuronal death in different regions of the brain especially hippocampus, causes alterations on the neuronal circuits and therefore impairs learning and memory, for which the hippocampus is responsible. …”
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Electrical Stimulation of the Ear, Head, Cranial Nerve, or Cortex for the Treatment of Tinnitus: A Scoping Review by Derek J. Hoare, Peyman Adjamian, Magdalena Sereda

“…For tinnitus, where the pathological neuronal activity might be associated with auditory and other areas of the brain, interventions using electromagnetic, electrical, or acoustic stimuli separately, or paired electrical and acoustic stimuli, have been proposed as treatments. …”
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Thiadiazoline- and Pyrazoline-Based Carboxamides and Carbothioamides: Synthesis and Inhibition against Nitric Oxide Synthase by Fabio Arias, M. Encarnación Camacho, M. Dora Carrión, Meriem Chayah, Miguel Romero, Juan Duarte, Miguel A. Gallo

“…In general, thiadiazolines (5a–e) inhibit preferentially the neuronal isoform; among them, 5a is the best nNOS inhibitor (74.11% at 1 mM, IC50 = 420 μM). …”
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VTA projections to M1 are essential for reorganization of layer 2-3 network dynamics underlying motor learning by Amir Ghanayim, Hadas Benisty, Avigail Cohen Rimon, Sivan Schwartz, Sally Dabdoob, Shira Lifshitz, Ronen Talmon, Jackie Schiller

“…While average activity and average functional connectivity of layer 2-3 network remain stable during learning, activity kinetics, correlational configuration of functional connectivity, and average connectivity strength of layer 2-3 neurons gradually transform towards an expert configuration. …”
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Targeted correction of megabase-scale CNTN6 duplication in induced pluripotent stem cells and impacts on gene expression by Maria Gridina, Polina Orlova, Oleg Serov

“…Our findings demonstrated that CNTN6 expression in neurons carrying the duplication was significantly reduced. …”
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Endothelial SHANK3 regulates tight junctions in the neonatal mouse blood-brain barrier through β-Catenin signaling by Yong-Eun Kim, Minseong Kim, Sunwhi Kim, Raham Lee, Yusuke Ujihara, Esther Magdalena Marquez-Wilkins, Yong-Hui Jiang, Esther Yang, Hyun Kim, Changhoon Lee, Changwon Park, Il Hwan Kim

“…Endothelium-specific Shank3 (eShank3) knockout (KO) neonatal mice exhibit male-specific BBB-hyperpermeability, reduced neuronal excitability, and impaired ultra-sonic communications. …”
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Multiscale Modeling Indicates That Temperature Dependent [Ca2+]i Spiking in Astrocytes Is Quantitatively Consistent with Modulated SERCA Activity by Niko Komin, Mahsa Moein, Mark H. Ellisman, Alexander Skupin

“…Changes in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) are the most predominant active signaling mechanism in astrocytes that can modulate neuronal activity and is assumed to influence neuronal plasticity. …”
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Systemically circulating 17β-estradiol enhances the neuroprotective effect of the smoking cessation drug cytisine in female parkinsonian mice by Sara M. Zarate, Roger C. Garcia, Gauri Pandey, Rahul Srinivasan

“…Abstract The smoking cessation drug cytisine exerts neuroprotection in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic (DA) neurons of female but not male 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned parkinsonian mice. …”
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E4F1 coordinates pyruvate metabolism and the activity of the elongator complex to ensure translation fidelity during brain development by Michela Di Michele, Aurore Attina, Pierre-François Roux, Imène Tabet, Sophie Laguesse, Javier Florido, Morane Houdeville, Armelle Choquet, Betty Encislai, Giuseppe Arena, Carlo De Blasio, Olivia Wendling, François-Xavier Frenois, Laura Papon, Lucille Stuani, Maryse Fuentes, Céline Jahannault Talignani, Mélanie Rousseau, Justine Guégan, Yoan Buscail, Pierrick Dupré, Henri-Alexandre Michaud, Geneviève Rodier, Floriant Bellvert, Hanna Kulyk, Carole Ferraro Peyret, Hugo Mathieu, Pierre Close, Francesca Rapino, Cédric Chaveroux, Nelly Pirot, Lucie Rubio, Adeline Torro, Tania Sorg, Fabrice Ango, Christophe Hirtz, Vincent Compan, Elise Lebigot, Andrea Legati, Daniele Ghezzi, Laurent Nguyen, Alexandre David, Claude Sardet, Matthieu Lacroix, Laurent Le Cam

“…Abstract Pyruvate metabolism defects lead to severe neuropathies such as the Leigh syndrome (LS) but the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal cell death remain poorly understood. Here, we unravel a connection between pyruvate metabolism and the regulation of the epitranscriptome that plays an essential role during brain development. …”
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The Enteric Nervous System and Its Emerging Role as a Therapeutic Target by Mark A. Fleming, Lubaina Ehsan, Sean R. Moore, Daniel E. Levin

“…The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is innervated by the enteric nervous system (ENS), an extensive neuronal network that traverses along its walls. Due to local reflex circuits, the ENS is capable of functioning with and without input from the central nervous system. …”
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Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, and c-Abl Signaling: At the Crossroad in Neurodegenerative Diseases? by Stefania Gonfloni, Emiliano Maiani, Claudia Di Bartolomeo, Marc Diederich, Gianni Cesareni

“…Recent reports show that aberrant c-Abl activation causes neuroinflammation and neuronal loss in the forebrain of transgenic adult mice. …”
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Cytokines and Chemokines at the Crossroads of Neuroinflammation, Neurodegeneration, and Neuropathic Pain by Geeta Ramesh, Andrew G. MacLean, Mario T. Philipp

“…The latter may mediate neuronal and glial cell injury and death through production of proinflammatory factors such as cytokines and chemokines. …”
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