Influence of proteinoids on calcium carbonate polymorphs precipitation in supersaturated solutions by Panagiotis Mougkogiannis, Andrew Adamatzky

“…The microspheres exhibit electrical activity similar to that of neurons. The electrically spiking microspheres are seen as proto-neurons capable of forming networks and carrying out information transmission and processing. …”
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Linking Mitochondria to Synapses: New Insights for Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders by Freddy Jeanneteau, Margarita Arango-Lievano

“…Signaling loops between the mitochondria and synapses scale neuronal connectivity with bioenergetics capacity. …”
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Suppression of epileptic seizures by transcranial activation of K+-selective channelrhodopsin by Xiaodong Duan, Chong Zhang, Yujie Wu, Jun Ju, Zhe Xu, Xuanyi Li, Yao Liu, Schugofa Ohdah, Oana M. Constantin, Yifan Pan, Zhonghua Lu, Cheng Wang, Xiaojing Chen, Christine E. Gee, Georg Nagel, Sheng-Tao Hou, Shiqiang Gao, Kun Song

“…While transcranial photoexcitation of neurons has been achieved, noninvasive optogenetic inhibition for treating hyperexcitability-induced neurological disorders has remained elusive. …”
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fMRI Evidence of Magnitude Manipulation during Numerical Order Processing in Congenitally Deaf Signers by Josefine Andin, Peter Fransson, Jerker Rönnberg, Mary Rudner

“…We found the neuronal networks recruited in the two tasks to be generally similar across groups, with significant activation in the dorsal visual stream for the letter order task, suggesting letter identification and position encoding. …”
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Cholinergic Potentiation of Restoration of Visual Function after Optic Nerve Damage in Rats by Mira Chamoun, Elena G. Sergeeva, Petra Henrich-Noack, Shaobo Jia, Lisa Grigartzik, Jing Ma, Qing You, Frédéric Huppé-Gourgues, Bernhard A. Sabel, Elvire Vaucher

“…Since acetylcholine plays an important role in attention and neuronal plasticity, we explored whether potentiation of the cholinergic transmission has an effect on the visual function restoration. …”
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Dendritic excitations govern back-propagation via a spike-rate accelerometer by Pojeong Park, J. David Wong-Campos, Daniel G. Itkis, Byung Hun Lee, Yitong Qi, Hunter C. Davis, Benjamin Antin, Amol Pasarkar, Jonathan B. Grimm, Sarah E. Plutkis, Katie L. Holland, Liam Paninski, Luke D. Lavis, Adam E. Cohen

“…Abstract Dendrites on neurons support electrical excitations, but the computational significance of these events is not well understood. …”
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Changes in Hippocampal Plasticity in Depression and Therapeutic Approaches Influencing These Changes by Wenbo Xu, Xiaoxiao Yao, Fangyi Zhao, Haisheng Zhao, Ziqian Cheng, Wei Yang, Ranji Cui, Songbai Xu, Bingjin Li

“…At present, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurogenesis hypotheses have highlighted the important role of plasticity in depression. The plasticity of neurons and glial cells plays a vital role in the transmission and integration of signals in the central nervous system. …”
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Spindle Activity Orchestrates Plasticity during Development and Sleep by Christoph Lindemann, Joachim Ahlbeck, Sebastian H. Bitzenhofer, Ileana L. Hanganu-Opatz

“…While NSBs have been proposed to coordinate the refinement of the maturating neuronal network, ASSs are associated with the implementation of acquired information within existing networks. …”
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Could Proteomic Research Deliver the Next Generation of Treatments for Pneumococcal Meningitis? by U. R. Goonetilleke, S. A. Ward, S. B. Gordon

“…Using proteomic techniques, neuronal death pathways could be described in CSF samples. …”
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Mining the Virgin Land of Neurotoxicology: A Novel Paradigm of Neurotoxic Peptides Action on Glycosylated Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels by Zhirui Liu, Jie Tao, Pin Ye, Yonghua Ji

“…Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are important membrane protein carrying on the molecular basis for action potentials (AP) in neuronal firings. Even though the structure-function studies were the most pursued spots, the posttranslation modification processes, such as glycosylation, phosphorylation, and alternative splicing associating with channel functions captured less eyesights. …”
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Gamma Oscillations Facilitate Effective Learning in Excitatory-Inhibitory Balanced Neural Circuits by Kwan Tung Li, Junhao Liang, Changsong Zhou

“…We study an excitatory-inhibitory (E-I) integrate-and-fire neuronal network with triplet STDP, heterosynaptic plasticity, and a transmitter-induced plasticity. …”
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A Neural Circuit For Bergamot Essential Oil‐Induced Anxiolytic Effects by Meng‐Yu Zhu, Wan‐Ying Dong, Jin‐Rong Guo, Ji‐Ye Huang, Ping‐Kai Cheng, Yumeng Yang, An Liu, Xin‐Lu Yang, Xia Zhu, Zhi Zhang, Yuanyin Wang, Wenjuan Tao

“…Collectively, in vivo two‐photon calcium imaging, viral tracing, and whole‐cell patch clamp recordings show that inhalation exposure to 1.0% BEO can activate glutamatergic projections from the AON to GABAergic neurons in the ACC, which drives inhibition of local glutamatergic neurons (AONGlu→ACCGABA→Glu). …”
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Transcription Factor Lbx1 Expression in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Phenotypes by Stefanie Schmitteckert, Cornelia Ziegler, Liane Kartes, Alexandra Rolletschek

“…Transcription factor Lbx1 is known to play a role in the migration of muscle progenitor cells in limb buds and also in neuronal determination processes. In addition, involvement of Lbx1 in cardiac neural crest-related cardiogenesis was postulated. …”
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Axon regeneration: an issue of translation by Schaeffer, Julia, Belin, Stephane

“…In the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), adult neurons fail to regenerate spontaneously upon axon injury, which leads to a permanent and irreversible loss of neuronal functions. …”
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Brain network and energy imbalance in Parkinson’s disease: linking ATP reduction and α-synuclein pathology by Hirohisa Watanabe, Sayuri Shima, Kazuya Kawabata, Yasuaki Mizutani, Akihiro Ueda, Akihiro Ueda, Mizuki Ito, Mizuki Ito

“…The energy imbalance also affects subcortical regions, including the massive axonal arbors in the striatum of substantia nigra pars compacta neurons, due to their high metabolic demand. This ATP decline may result in α-synuclein accumulation, autophagy-lysosomal system impairment, neuronal network breakdown and accelerated neurodegeneration. …”
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Neuregulin 1 improves cognitive deficits and neuropathology in an Alzheimer’s disease model by Jiqing Xu, Fred de Winter, Catherine Farrokhi, Edward Rockenstein, Michael Mante, Anthony Adame, Jonathan Cook, Xin Jin, Eliezer Masliah, Kuo-Fen Lee

“…Decreased expression of the neuronal marker MAP2 and synaptic markers PSD95 and synaptophysin in AD mice was significantly reversed. …”
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Non-Volatile Reconfigurable Optical Digital Diffractive Neural Network Based on Phase Change Material by Qiaomu Hu, Jingyu Zhao, Chu Wu, Rui Zeng, Xiaobing Zhou, Shuang Zheng, Minming Zhang

“…Here we propose and design a reconfigurable all-optical diffractive neural network structure with digital non-volatile optical neurons. The optical neurons are built with Sb₂Se₃ phase-change material and can switch between crystalline and amorphous states with no constant energy supply. …”
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Stem Cell-Based Therapeutic Approaches to Restore Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Mammals by Muhammad Waqas, Iram Us-Salam, Zainab Bibi, Yunfeng Wang, He Li, Zhongshou Zhu, Shuangba He

“…The stem cell therapy is a promising approach to develop the functional hair cells and neuronal cells from endogenous and exogenous stem cell pool to recover hearing loss. …”
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The multifaceted role of the inferior colliculus in sensory prediction, reward processing, and decision-making by Xinyu Du, Haoxuan Xu, Peirun Song, Yuying Zhai, Hangting Ye, Xuehui Bao, Qianyue Huang, Hisashi Tanigawa, Zhiyi Tu, Pei Chen, Xuan Zhao, Josef P Rauschecker, Xiongjie Yu

“…Further analysis revealed a direct correlation between IC neuronal activity and behavioral choices, suggesting its involvement in decision-making processes. …”
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Crisdesalazine alleviates inflammation in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis multiple sclerosis mouse model by regulating the immune system by Su-Min Park, Yong-Hun Oh, Ga-Hyun Lim, Ju-Hyun An, Jin-Hwan Lee, Byoung-Joo Gwag, So-Jung Won, Kyoung-Won Seo, Hwa-Young Youn

“…We evaluated the efficacy of crisdesalazine (a novel microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 inhibitor) in an EAE model, including its immune-regulating potency in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, and its neuroprotective effects in a macrophage-neuronal co-culture system. Crisdesalazine significantly alleviated clinical symptoms, inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination in the spinal cord, and altered the phase of microglial/macrophage and regulatory T cells. …”
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