Eyes Open on Sleep and Wake: In Vivo to In Silico Neural Networks by Amaury Vanvinckenroye, Gilles Vandewalle, Christophe Phillips, Sarah L. Chellappa

“…A key limitation of human neuroscience is the difficulty in isolating neuronal excitation/inhibition drive in vivo. Therefore, computational models are noninvasive approaches of choice to indirectly access hidden neuronal states. …”
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Potential Role of JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway in the Neurogenic-to-Gliogenic Shift in Down Syndrome Brain by Han-Chung Lee, Kai-Leng Tan, Pike-See Cheah, King-Hwa Ling

“…DS brain is characterized by an increased number of astrocytes with reduced number of neurons. In mouse models for DS, the pool of neural progenitor cells commits to glia rather than neuronal cell fate in the DS brain. …”
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Subthalamic hGAD65 Gene Therapy and Striatum TH Gene Transfer in a Parkinson’s Disease Rat Model by Deyu Zheng, Xiaohua Jiang, Junpeng Zhao, Deyi Duan, Huanying Zhao, Qunyuan Xu

“…However, hGAD65 gene transfer did not effectively protect surviving dopaminergic neurons in the SNc and VTA. This study suggests that subthalamic hGAD65 gene therapy and combined with TH gene therapy can alleviate symptoms of the PD model rats, independent of the protection the DA neurons from death.…”
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Regulation of MAP2, GFAP, and calcium in the CA3 Region Following Kainic Acid Exposure to  organotypic hippocampal slice culture [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] by Aulanni'am Aulanni'am, Kusworini Handono, Ettie Rukmigarsari, Hidayat Sujuti, Machlusil Husna

“…Conclusion These findings suggest early neuronal and astrocyte damage at the initial onset of hippocampal injury. …”
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Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 Signalling in Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells during Development and after Injury by Alistair E. Cole, Simon S. Murray, Junhua Xiao

“…Here we review recent studies on BMP4 signalling in the generation of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendroglial cells in the CNS. …”
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Recent Advances in Carbon Nanotubes for Nervous Tissue Regeneration by Carlos Redondo-Gómez, Rocío Leandro-Mora, Daniela Blanch-Bermúdez, Christopher Espinoza-Araya, David Hidalgo-Barrantes, José Vega-Baudrit

“…This review article focuses on key recent advances on the use of carbon nanotube- (CNT-) based technologies on nerve tissue engineering, outlining how neurons interact with CNT interfaces for promoting neuronal differentiation, growth and network reconstruction. …”
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Intramuscular Injection of Adenoassociated Virus Encoding Human Neurotrophic Factor 3 and Exercise Intervention Contribute to Reduce Spasms after Spinal Cord Injury by Yu-Xin Chang, Yan Zhao, Su Pan, Zhi-Ping Qi, Wei-Jian Kong, Yi-Ran Pan, Hong-Ru Li, Xiao-Yu Yang

“…Then, we used immunofluorescence to observe the immunoreactivity of spinal motor neurons, synaptophysin, cholinergic interneurons, and GABAergic interneurons. …”
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Glutamine-glutamate centered metabolism as the potential therapeutic target against Japanese encephalitis virus-induced encephalitis by Mengyuan Li, Hang Yuan, Xiaofei Yang, Yingfeng Lei, Jianqi Lian

“…The perturbed glutamine-glutamate metabolism induced neurotransmitter imbalance and created an immune-inhibitory state with increased gamma-aminobutyric acid/glutamate ratio, thus facilitating efficient viral replication both in JEV-infected neurons and the brain of JEV-infected mice. In addition, viral infection restrained the utilization of glutamine via the glutamate-α-ketoglutaric acid axis in neurons, thus avoiding the adverse effects of glutamine oxidation on viral propagation. …”
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An Insight of Vitamin E as Neuroprotective Agents by Hui-Min Yap, Kwan-Liang Lye

“…Furthermore, tocotrienol was discovered to protect neuronal cell through antioxidant-independent activities. …”
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Mechanisms of ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation and their roles in age-related neurodegenerative disease by Taylor R. Church, Seth S. Margolis, Seth S. Margolis

“…Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive breakdown of neuronal structure and function and the pathological accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates and toxic protein oligomers. …”
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Botulinum Toxin Suppression of CNS Network Activity In Vitro by Joseph J. Pancrazio, Kamakshi Gopal, Edward W. Keefer, Guenter W. Gross

“…While the standard method for BoNT detection and quantification is based on the mouse lethality assay, we have examined whether alterations in cultured neuronal network activity can be used to detect the functional effects of BoNT. …”
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Sleeve Gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Alter the Gut-Brain Communication by L. A. Ballsmider, A. C. Vaughn, M. David, A. Hajnal, P. M. Di Lorenzo, K. Czaja

“…There was no difference in the number of FB-labeled neurons located in NG and DMV between VSG and VSG-sham rats. …”
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Cellular and Molecular Mediators of Neuroinflammation in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease by Sandeep Vasant More, Hemant Kumar, In Su Kim, Soo-Yeol Song, Dong-Kug Choi

“…Here, we discuss mediators of neuroinflammation, which are known activators released from damaged parenchyma of the brain and result in neuronal degeneration in patients with PD.…”
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Ectopic expression of the cation-chloride cotransporter KCC2 in blood exosomes as a biomarker for functional rehabilitation by L. Caccialupi Da Prato, A. Rezzag Lebza, A. Consumi, M. Tessier, A. Srinivasan, C. Rivera, C. Rivera, J. Laurin, C. Pellegrino

“…This effect was correlated with the recovery of KCC2 expression in the blood exosomes, the prevention of extensive neuronal loss among the interneurons, and changes in secondary neurogenesis.…”
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Amino Acid Levelsin the Brain of Rats with Peripheral Nerve Constriction or Section by Mauro Bianchi, Paolo Ferrario, Antonio Clavenna, Gabriele Biella, Maria Luisa Sotgiu

“…BACKGROUND: Both excitatory and inhibitory amino acids modulate central neuronal activity following peripheral nerve tissue injury.…”
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Polarity Determinants in Dendritic Spine Development and Plasticity by Huaye Zhang

“…Interestingly, some polarity proteins also utilize neuronal-specific mechanisms. Although many questions remain unanswered in our understanding of how polarity proteins regulate spine development and plasticity, current and future research will undoubtedly shed more light on how this conserved group of proteins orchestrates different pathways to shape the neuronal circuitry.…”
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Functional MRI study of neurovascular coupling in patients with non-lesional epilepsy by Zhisen Li, Xiaoxia Hou, Yanli Lu, Huimin Zhao, Meixia Wang, Qian Gui, Guanhui Wu, Qinrong Xu, Xiaofeng Dong, Qingzhang Cheng, Xiaowen Xu, Hongxuan Feng

“…ObjectiveThe diagnosis of patients with non-lesional epilepsy (NLE) is relatively challenging because of the absence of a clear focus on imaging, and the underlying pathological mechanism remains unclear. The neuronal activity and functional connectivity of NLE patients are significantly abnormal, and the neuronal activity of epilepsy patients is closely related to cerebral blood flow (CBF). …”
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CtBP1 is essential for epigenetic silencing of μ-opioid receptor genes in the dorsal root ganglion in spinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain by Cheng-Yuan Lai, Ming-Chun Hsieh, Chou-Ming Yeh, Tzer-Bin Lin, Dylan Chou, Hsueh-Hsiao Wang, Kuan-Hung Lin, Jen-Kun Cheng, Po-Sheng Yang, Hsien-Yu Peng

“…However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of CtBP1-mediated epigenetic regulation in DRG neurons in neuropathic pain remain poorly elucidated. …”
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Insights on the molecular mechanism of neuroprotection exerted by edible bird’s nest and its bioactive constituents by Weiyi Chu, Chia Wei Phan, Seng Joe Lim, Abdul Salam Babji

“…Antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties of EBN in preserving neuronal cells were widely researched using in vitro and in vivo models. …”
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Neuroprotective Effects of Salidroside in the MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease: Involvement of the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β Pathway by Wei Zhang, Hong He, Hujie Song, Junjie Zhao, Tao Li, Leitao Wu, Xiaojun Zhang, Jianzong Chen

“…The degenerative loss through apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta plays a primary role in the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). …”
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